Untangling the Web of E-Research: Towards a Sociology of Online Knowledge

e-Research is a rapidly growing research area, both in terms of publications and in terms of funding. In this article we argue that it is necessary to reconceptualize the ways in which we seek to measure and understand e-Research by developing a sociology of knowledge based on our understanding of how science has been transformed historically and shifted into online forms. Next, we report data which allows the examination of e-Research through a variety of traces in order to begin to understand how the knowledge in the realm of e-Research has been and is being constructed. These data indicate that e-Research has had a variable impact in different fields of research. We argue that only an overall account of the scale and scope of e-Research within and between different fields makes it possible to identify the organizational coherence and diffuseness of e-Research in terms of its socio-technical networks, and thus to identify the contributions of e-Research to various research fronts in the online production of knowledge

Die Macht der Mitgliedstaaten im Ministerrat der EU und im Ministerrat für Fragen der Währungsunion nach dem Vertrag von Lissabon

[Einleitung] Mit dem Vertrag von Lissabon und den damit verbundenen Änderungen im institutionellen Gefüge der Europäischen Union wurden auch die Abstimmungsregeln im Ministerrat erneut geändert. Diesen Änderungen vorausgegangen waren langwierige Diskussionen und Änderungsvorschläge, die sich insbesondere in den Verfassungsentwürfen des Europäischen Konvents und der Intergovernmental Conference (IGC) zum Entwurf des Verfassungsvertrages manifestierten. Nachdem der IGC-Entwurf eines Verfassungsvertrages in Frankreich und in den Niederlanden in Referenden abgelehnt worden war, wurde die weitere Ratifizierung in einigen EU-Ländern, die den Vertrag noch ratifizieren mussten, ausgesetzt und erst im Juni 2006 beschloss der Europäische Rat eine Wiederaufnahme der Verhandlungen über einen neuen EU-Vertrag, indem die Ratspräsidentschaft beauftragt wurde, bis zum ersten Halbjahr 2007 einen Bericht zu Möglichkeiten der Fortführung des Verfassungsvertrages vorzulegen. Die Verhandlungen wurden insbesondere unter der deutschen Präsidentschaft im ersten Halbjahr 2007 vorangetrieben und mündeten im Beschluss auf dem Europäischen Gipfel im Juni 2007, eine Regierungskonferenz einzusetzen, die einen neuen Vertrag aushandeln soll. Unter der portugiesischen Präsidentschaft wurden diese Verhandlungen fortgeführt und mündeten im Vertrag von Lissabon, der auf der Sitzung des Europäischen Rates am 12 und 13. Dezember 2007 in Lissabon unterzeichnet wurde. Im Zuge des Verhandlungsprozesses erwiesen sich gerade die institutionellen Fragen als sehr kontrovers. Dennoch gelang es einige grundlegende institutionelle Änderungen vorzunehmen, die auch die Abstimmungsregeln im Ministerrat betreffen. Der folgende Beitrag untersucht die Macht der einzelnen Mitgliedstaaten im Ministerrat nach den alten Regeln des Nizza-Vertrages und nach den neuen Regeln des Lissabon-Vertrages. Nach einem Literaturüberblick über bestehende Machtanalysen im Ministerrat nach dem Vertrag von Lissabon und einer kurzen Beschreibung des verwendeten Banzhaf-Machtindex wird in Abschnitt vier das neue Abstimmungsverfahren im Ministerrat nach dem EUV und dem AEUV beschrieben. Der fünfte Abschnitt bildet den Hauptteil der Untersuchung und analysiert die Machtverschiebung nach den Abstimmungsverfahren des Vertrages von Lissabon im Vergleich zu den aktuellen Bestimmungen aus dem Vertrag von Nizza. Erstens wird untersucht, welchen Effekt die geforderten Abstimmungsquoren haben, zweitens wird zwischen den beiden unterschiedlichen Machtarten (Gestaltungsmacht und Blockademacht) unterschieden und drittens wird in diesem Arbeitspapier ausführlich analysiert, wie sich die neuen Bestimmungen in Fällen, wo nicht alle Mitgliedstaaten abstimmungsberechtigt sind, also insbesondere im Fall der Währungsunion, auswirken

Beyond Ecological Democracy: Black Feminist Thought and the End of Man

Appeals to a cosmic ecological democracy are common in environmentally engaged scholarship, and especially in ecological theology. This essay takes up the thought of Sylvia Wynter, Delores Williams, and Saidiya Hartman to argue for a different horizon for ecological politics

Web archives: the future

T his report is structured first, to engage in some speculative thought about the possible futures of the web as an exercise in prom pting us to think about what we need to do now in order to make sure that we can reliably and fruitfully use archives of the w eb in the future. Next, we turn to considering the methods and tools being used to research the live web, as a pointer to the types of things that can be developed to help unde rstand the archived web. Then , we turn to a series of topics and questions that researchers want or may want to address using the archived web. In this final section, we i dentify some of the challenges individuals, organizations, and international bodies can target to increase our ability to explore these topi cs and answer these quest ions. We end the report with some conclusions based on what we have learned from this exercise

God, I Hope This Part of My Life is Over: A Focused Ethnography of a Correctional Youth Facility’s Therapeutic Climate

Although all prisons have the same goal of isolating offenders from society, the precise strategies used vary from one jurisdiction to the next. Some prisons use means of punishment to gain inmate compliance. Other prisons concentrate their limited resources on rehabilitation. Contained within the following pages are details of a focused ethnography that was completed in a state correctional youth facility that housed males between the ages of 15 and 21 years, all of whom were convicted of violent crimes. This study had the objective of exploring the climate of therapy in this correctional youth facility where rehabilitative programs were administered as attempts to transform the youth into law-abiding adults. Although the youth inmates were mandated to live in the correctional facility, their participation in rehabilitation was voluntary. Thus, this study explored the incentives that motivated many inmates to their participation. This study explored what few scholars referred to as the therapeutic climate, which can be thought of as the conceptual spirit that determines the rehabilitative experience of its participants. A therapeutic climate is a subjective concept of a complex system of social processes, filled with symbolic interactions, where the intent is to provide rehabilitative programs to its participants. It includes but is not limited to the rules and how they are enforced, peer and mentor support, leadership at all levels, group cohesion, physical architecture, and program integrity. Despite a therapeutic climate not including methods of punishment, as this study occurred in a correctional facility, the climate of punishment was explored as one climate affected the other. The results from this focused ethnography led to the development of a nested ecological model for a therapeutic climate. This model reveals the micro-, meso-, exo-, and macrosystem levels of influence that make a therapeutic climate. For instance, the interrelationships between the staff and the inmates; the use of incentives; staff buy-in; and program integrity that lead to program participation. The ecological model for a therapeutic climate can be used as a theoretical platform for the determination of what a therapeutic climate resembles

2-Diazoacetoacetic acid, an efficient and convenient reagent for the synthesis of alpha-diazo-beta-ketoesters

The formation of various alpha-diazo acetoacetic esters can be obtained in a single transformation with good to excellent yields using readily available 2-diazoacetoacetic acid

Evaluation of exhaust flowrate measurement techniques for a mobile emissions monitoring system

West Virginia University designed and developed Mobile Emissions Monitoring System (MEMS) for the six settling Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine (S-HDDE) manufacturers. The MEMS measures emissions concentrations while operating in a real world environment. The best method for measuring the emissions concentrations was found to be through raw exhaust sampling. In order to properly calculate the emissions concentrations the total exhaust flowrate through the engine must be determined. The devices evaluated were an Annubar, an Accutube, a hot film anemometer, a Pitot static tube, a venturi, and a vortex shedder.;The evaluation of the devices was broken down into two parts, the first part included cold bench testing and the second engine testing. The venturi was found to be the best flow device for a MEMS because of the increased flow range over the vortex shedder and was well suited for the environment of compression ignition exhaust streams