Histologic description of acquired cholesteatomas: comparison between children and adults

SummaryCholesteatoma is constituted of matrix, perimatrix and cystic content. Some authors affirm that, in children, its clinical behavior is more aggressive of the than in adults.AimsHistologic compared cholesteatomas of children and adults.Methodology74 cholesteatomas been analyzed, being 35 of pediatrics patients (<18 years). The average number of cellular layers and hyperplasia in the matrix had been evaluated; thickness, delimitante epithelium, fibrosis, inflammation and granuloma in the perimatrix. The analysis statistics was carried through with program SPSS 10,0, using the coefficients of Pearson and Spearman, test of qui-square and t test. The number of cellular layers in the matrix was of 8,2±4,2. The hyperplasia appears in 17%, fibrosis in 65%, granuloma in 12% and the delimitante epithelium in 21%. The perimatrix presented a medium one of 80 micrometers (37 the 232), minimum value zero and maximum value 1.926. The histological degree of inflammation was considered of moderate the accented one in 60%. When applying the coefficient of Spearman enters the inflammation degree and average of cellular layers of the matrix with the variables of the measure of thickness of the perimatrix we find correlations, significant, with moderate magnitudes of the great ones (rs=0,5 and P<0,0001).ConclusionAdults colesteatomas of and child had not been identified to morphologic differences between. We find correlation enters the intensity of the inflammation and of the average of cellular layers of the matrix with the thickness of the perimatrix, what it can predict its aggressiveness, more studies are necessary to define the paper of this finding in pathogenesis of cholesteatoma

Indução de diferenciação In Vitro de Células-Tronco Embrionárias em células de tecido cardíaco e nervoso

Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent cell lines with the capacity of self-renewal and a broad differentiation plasticity. They are isolated from preimplantation embryos and can be cultured in vitro for long time without losing their pluripotency. Embryonic stem cells can also differentiate in vitro with the proper combination of growth and differentiation factors, cells will differentiate into more advanced stages of embryogenesis generating different adult cell type. In the present study, we induced the in vitro differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (line R1) into cardiomyocytes and neuronal cells. These differentiations were evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to verify presence of tissue-specific markers.Células-tronco embrionárias são linhagens celulares pluripotentes capazes de se multiplicar indefinidamente e com grande capacidade de diferenciação celular. São isoladas de embriões em estágio pré-implantacional e podem ser cultivadas por longo tempo em laboratório sem perder sua pluripotencialidade. Células-tronco embrionárias podem, ainda, se diferenciar in vitro através da adição de fatores de crescimento e diferenciação ao meio de cultivo. As células se diferenciarão em estágios mais avançados de embriogênese, gerando tipos diferentes de células adultas. No presente estudo, induzimos a diferenciação in vitro de células-tronco embrionárias de camundongos (linhagem R1) em células de tecido cardíaco e nervoso. A diferenciação foi avaliada pela reação em cadeia da polimerase precedida de transcrição reversa para verificar a presença de marcadores tecido-específicos

TGF-β1 and its association with clinicopathological features, proliferative activity and prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma : an immunohistochemical study

Introduction: The prognostic value of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-ß1) in oral cancer remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate TGF-β1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) samples and its association with clinicopathological data, tumor proliferative activity, and patients’ prognosis. Methods: A total of 68 patients with histopathological diagnosis of OSCC were included, as well as 9 cases of normal oral mucosa for comparison purposes. The OSCC sample was categorized according to patients’ outcomes in favorable prognosis (n=30) or unfavorable prognosis (n=38). Immunohistochemical staining for TGF-β1 and Ki-67 were performed. The slides were semi-quantitatively and quantitatively evaluated for TGF-β1 and Ki-67, respectively. Results: TGF-β1 was significantly increased in OSCC compared to normal oral mucosa (<0.01). An inverse correlation was found between TGF-β1 and Ki67 staining in OSCC (p=0.01). No association was found between TGF-β1 expression and OSCC clinicopathological features, prognosis or survival. Conclusions: TGF-β1 had no prognostic value and appears to maintain its suppressive role concerning cell proliferation

Nieman-Pick’s disease

O presente artigo apresenta e discute o caso de um paciente masculino, de 2 meses de idade, que foi encaminhado para o Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre com história de icterícia persistente há 45 dias, apresentando-se em regular estado geral, afebril, com icterícia importante, desproporção peso/altura, abdômen distendido e fígado e baço palpáveis. Ecografia abdominal e cintilografia das vias biliares eram normais. O paciente permaneceu 26 dias no hospital para investigação, onde apresentou quadro respiratório diagnosticado como pneumonia, recebendo alta hospitalar em bom estado. Foi encaminhado para o ambulatório para prosseguir a investigação. Uma semana após a alta, apresentou febre, disfunção respiratória, sangramento difuso, ascite e falência de múltiplos órgãos, evoluindo para o óbito.This article presents and discusses the case of a 2-month old boy who came to Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre with a history of jaundice persisting for 45 days. He presented with regular general state, no fever, important jaundice, low weight/height ratio, abdominal distention and enlargement of the liver and spleen. Abdominal ultrasonography and hepatobiliary scintigraphy were normal. The pacient stayed at HCPA for 26 days, and presented a respiratory dysfunction which was interpreted as pneumonia. He was treated and discharged in good state, and was scheduled for follow-up at the outpatient clinic. One week after discharge, he developed fever, respiratory dysfunction, bleeding, ascite, failure of multiple systems, and died

Dexamethasone and azathioprine promote cytoskeletal changes and affect mesenchymal stem cell migratory behavior

Glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive drugs are commonly used to treat inflammatory disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and despite a few improvements, the remission of IBD is still difficult to maintain. Due to their immunomodulatory properties, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as regulators of the immune response, and their viability and activation of their migratory properties are essential for successful cell therapy. However, little is known about the effects of immunosuppressant drugs used in IBD treatment on MSC behavior. The aim of this study was to evaluate MSC viability, nuclear morphometry, cell polarity, F-actin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) distribution, and cell migratory properties in the presence of the immunosuppressive drugs azathioprine (AZA) and dexamethasone (DEX). After an initial characterization, MSCs were treated with DEX (10 μM) or AZA (1 μM) for 24 hrs or 7 days. Neither drug had an effect on cell viability or nuclear morphometry. However, AZA treatment induced a more elongated cell shape, while DEX was associated with a more rounded cell shape (P < 0.05) with a higher presence of ventral actin stress fibers (P < 0.05) and a decrease in protrusion stability. After 7 days of treatment, AZA improved the cell spatial trajectory (ST) and increased the migration speed (24.35%, P < 0.05, n = 4), while DEX impaired ST and migration speed after 24 hrs and 7 days of treatment (-28.69% and -25.37%, respectively; P < 0.05, n = 4). In conclusion, our data suggest that these immunosuppressive drugs each affect MSC morphology and migratory capacity differently, possibly impacting the success of cell therapy