Landing Obligation Economic Impact Analysis

Seafish has undertaken an economic impact assessment (EIA) of the landing obligation for key UK fleets targeting demersal stocks. The purpose of the EIA is to provide information that supports decision-making and understanding at a fleet segment, home nation and national level. The EIA has been undertaken in two phases: choke analysis and bioeconomic scenario analysis. The choke analysis provides a view of what the activity of six UK fleet segments would have been in 2013 had the proposed rules for the landing obligation in 2016 and 2019 been in place. This provides a high level, worst case snapshot of choke stocks by fleet indicating how many days fishing could have been achieved in 2013 before the primary choke stock quota was exhausted. The analysis is performed for each major sea area surrounding the UK. Following on from the choke analysis, the scenario analysis answers the question, what are the potential outcomes for the fleet from the introduction of various landing obligation policy levers? The model includes policy levers such as exemptions (de minimis and surviviability), derogations (inter-species flexibility) and quota uplift (top-up) and considers two views of quota held by fleet: initial quota allocation and end of year quota held (approximated by landings). The scenarios simulate the possible outcomes over the coming years and identify issues of resilience, viability and vulnerability in key segments of the UK fleet. This paper presents the model and reviews the methodology used in the two phases of the Seafish UK landing obligation EIA.Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, held July 11-15, 2016 at Aberdeen Exhibition and Conference Center (AECC), Aberdeen, Scotland, UK

Ten lessons on the resilience of the EU common fisheries policy towards climate change and fuel efficiency - A call for adaptive, flexible and well-informed fisheries management

To effectively future-proof the management of the European Union fishing fleets we have explored a suite of case studies encompassing the northeast and tropical Atlantic, the Mediterranean, Baltic and Black Seas. This study shows that European Union (EU) fisheries are likely resilient to climate-driven short-term stresses, but may be negatively impacted by long-term trends in climate change. However, fisheries' long-term stock resilience can be improved (and therefore be more resilient to increasing changes in climate) by adopting robust and adaptive fisheries management, provided such measures are based on sound scientific advice which includes uncertainty. Such management requires regular updates of biological reference points. Such updates will delineate safe biological limits for exploitation, providing both high long-term yields with reduced risk of stock collapse when affected by short-term stresses, and enhanced compliance with advice to avoid higher than intended fishing mortality. However, high resilience of the exploited ecosystem does not necessarily lead to the resilience of the economy of EU fisheries from suffering shocks associated with reduced yields, neither to a reduced carbon footprint if fuel use increases from lower stock abundances. Fuel consumption is impacted by stock development, but also by changes in vessel and gear technologies, as well as fishing techniques. In this respect, energy-efficient fishing technologies already exist within the EU, though implementing them would require improving the uptake of innovations and demonstrating to stakeholders the potential for both reduced fuel costs and increased catch rates. A transition towards reducing fuel consumption and costs would need to be supported by the setup of EU regulatory instruments. Overall, to effectively manage EU fisheries within a changing climate, flexible, adaptive, well-informed and well-enforced management is needed, with incentives provided for innovations and ocean literacy to cope with the changing conditions, while also reducing the dependency of the capture fishing industry on fossil fuels. To support such management, we provide 10 lessons to characterize 'win-win' fishing strategies for the European Union, which develop leverages in which fishing effort deployed corresponds to Maximum Sustainable Yield targets and Common Fisheries Policy minimal effects objectives. In these strategies, higher catch is obtained in the long run, less fuel is spent to attain the catch, and the fisheries have a higher resistance and resilience to shock and long-term factors to face climate-induced stresses

The short-run viability of fishing vessels: the case of the French Norway lobster fishery in the Biscay Bay

The French Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) fishery situated in the Biscay Bay is composed by about 250 costal trawlers. These boats are registered in harbours located in South Brittany (Le Guilvinec, Lorient, Concarneau) and in the Vendée (Sables d'Olonnes, La Cotinière). The main particularity of the fishery is that lobsters are landed alive, which constitutes a specific product in the Norway lobster market. For several years, ICES members have claimed for the necessity of strongly reducing effort and immature catches for this specie (and in fact for the most important species of the area). In 2001, the ACFM recommendation was a 40% reduction of the allowed TAC for the Biscay Bay fishery. A 20% reduction was finally adopted by the Ministry Council but won't be applied by fishermen according to their public statements. As hake constitutes an important bycatch for these boats, the Hake Recovery Plan has also some repercussions on the fishery (in terms of additional technical measures) This paper presents the first results of a bioeconomic model of the French lobster fishery. The aim of this model is to understand the short-run viability of the fishing vessels implied in this fishery and to evaluate the resilience of the whole fishery to quick regular changes, such as recovery plan or important quota reductions.Keywords: Theoretical and Empirical Bio-Economic Modelling, Fisheries Economic

Strongly Adhesive and Antimicrobial Peptide-Loaded, Alginate–Catechol-Based Gels for Application against Periimplantitis

Background: Periimplantitis is a disease linked to oral virulent bacteria such as P. gingivalis that grow in dental implants surrounding tissues and between implants and abutments. Antimicrobial gels previously described to fill these sites lose their effectiveness and resorb over time. Objective: Characterization of biophysical and antimicrobial properties of an original hydrogel, Alginate–Catechol (Alg–Cat), combined to D-Cateslytin (D-CTL). Methods: Gelation kinetics, frequency and strain sweep measurements were performed by rheology. Antibacterial activity of the gels was tested against P. gingivalis, and the MIC was determined. Peptides released from the gels were purified by HPLC and characterized by MALDI–TOF mass spectrometry. The behavior of bacteria in contact with the gel was observed using optical and electronic microscopy (SEM and TEM). Results: Gelation was fast and was achieved in 2 min with a storage modulus between 25 and 30 Pa. The gels were stable under strain and showed an adhesive potential reinforced with aging at 18 h (5.4 kPa) under a slow retraction speed (4 J·m−2 at 10 µm/s) with a mixed rupture profile (adhesive/cohesive). The MIC of D-CTL inside the Alg–Cat gel against P. gingivalis was equal to 470 µg·mL−1 after 24 h. Peptides recovered in the supernatant and inside the gel were fragmented, most of them conserving the ⍺-helix active site. No bacteria were visualized at the surface and inside the gel after 24 h. This gel is promising for clinical application for the prevention of periimplantitis. View Full-Text Keywords: hydrogel; AMP; Alginate–Catechol; periimplantitis; P. gingivalis; rheology; gelation kinetic; D-cateslytin; chromogranin A; drug releas

Effects of pre-exercise, endurance, and recovery designer sports drinks on performance during tennis tournament simulation

Peltier, SL, Lepretre, PM, Metz, L, Ennequin, G, Aubineau, N, Lescuyer, JF, Duclos, M, Brink, T, and Sirvent P. Effects of pre-exercise, endurance, and recovery designer sports drinks on performance during tennis tournament simulation. J Strength Cond Res 27(11): 3076-3083, 2013Sports drinks are often used before, during, and after tennis tournaments, but their ability to influence physiological and psychological variables and the characteristics of tennis match play remains uncertain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of ingesting specially formulated pre-exercise, endurance, and recovery sports drinks on glycemia and performance indices during a simulated tennis tournament. Eight well-trained male tennis players performed two 3-match round-robin tennis tournaments although ingesting sports drinks (SPDs) or placebos (PLAs) before, during, and after each match (crossover study design). Before the first tournament, match and drink order were randomized (SPDs or PLAs first) and players were placed under controlled nutritional and hydration conditions. Glycemia, heart rate response, rate of perceived exertion, and notational/match analysis were assessed during each match. Sports drinks maintained higher glycemia levels during match 2 and 3 of the tennis tournament compared with PLAs (p < 0.01). Moreover, higher mean heart rates (p < 0.01) and stroke frequencies (p < 0.01) concomitantly with lower rates of perceived exertion (p < 0.01) were recorded throughout the duration of the tournament, when players used the SPDs. During a 3-match tennis tournament, SPDs allow higher stroke frequency during play, with decreased rates of perceived exertion

La cognition réparée ?

Si, à l'origine, les maladies du corps et de l'esprit possédaient chacune leur autonomie, si elles connurent ensuite au xixe siècle un rapprochement conduisant à la neuropsychiatrie, la déflagration de mai 1968 contribua à les isoler de nouveau. L'émergence des sciences cognitives, et d'un esprit radicalement interdisciplinaire, a fait éclater ces replis dogmatique. C'est bien là l'esprit des neurosciences cognitives, où l'émotion et la cognition constituent deux phénomènes tellement rapprochés et intriqués que leur séparation, si elle peut garder un intérêt au niveau de l'enseignement et de la pratique, n'a plus de sens au niveau de l'identification des mécanismes physiopathologiques. Leurs moyens d'investigation sont les mêmes, qu'il s'agisse de l'imagerie cérébrale, de la génétique cognitive, de la modélisation, voire de la cognition sociale. On verra dans cet ouvrage une illustration répétée de l'intrication de ces deux disciplines lorsqu'il s'agit de s'intéresser aux dysfonctionnements qu'elles étudient l'une et l'autre. C'est bien ici le mérite du programme Cognitique d'avoir su fédérer des communautés à l'origine isolées pour créer une nouvelle mouvance de recherche.La cognition réparée

Ten lessons on the resilience of the EU common fisheries policy towards climate change and fuel efficiency - A call for adaptive, flexible and well-informed fisheries management

To effectively future-proof the management of the European Union fishing fleets we have explored a suite of case studies encompassing the northeast and tropical Atlantic, the Mediterranean, Baltic and Black Seas. This study shows that European Union (EU) fisheries are likely resilient to climate-driven short-term stresses, but may be negatively impacted by long-term trends in climate change. However, fisheries’ long-term stock resilience can be improved (and therefore be more resilient to increasing changes in climate) by adopting robust and adaptive fisheries management, provided such measures are based on sound scientific advice which includes uncertainty. Such management requires regular updates of biological reference points. Such updates will delineate safe biological limits for exploitation, providing both high long-term yields with reduced risk of stock collapse when affected by short-term stresses, and enhanced compliance with advice to avoid higher than intended fishing mortality. However, high resilience of the exploited ecosystem does not necessarily lead to the resilience of the economy of EU fisheries from suffering shocks associated with reduced yields, neither to a reduced carbon footprint if fuel use increases from lower stock abundances. Fuel consumption is impacted by stock development, but also by changes in vessel and gear technologies, as well as fishing techniques. In this respect, energy-efficient fishing technologies already exist within the EU, though implementing them would require improving the uptake of innovations and demonstrating to stakeholders the potential for both reduced fuel costs and increased catch rates. A transition towards reducing fuel consumption and costs would need to be supported by the setup of EU regulatory instruments. Overall, to effectively manage EU fisheries within a changing climate, flexible, adaptive, well-informed and well-enforced management is needed, with incentives provided for innovations and ocean literacy to cope with the changing conditions, while also reducing the dependency of the capture fishing industry on fossil fuels. To support such management, we provide 10 lessons to characterize ‘win-win’ fishing strategies for the European Union, which develop leverages in which fishing effort deployed corresponds to Maximum Sustainable Yield targets and Common Fisheries Policy minimal effects objectives. In these strategies, higher catch is obtained in the long run, less fuel is spent to attain the catch, and the fisheries have a higher resistance and resilience to shock and long-term factors to face climate-induced stresses