إنتاج مادة 17 ألفا هيدروكسي البروجستيرون على مستوى المخمر المعملي بواسطة فطرة كاننجهاميلا إيكينولاتا

The mircrobiological transformation of progesterone by a local isolate of Cunninghamella echiiiulata using a laboratory fermentor was studied. Progresterone (10-50 g/1) wetted by Tween 80 was added to 48-hour old culture and the transformation was left to proceed for 72 hours. Thereafter, the different transformation products were resolved chromatog-raphically. The identity of each product was established through the determination of m.p., mixed m.p., optical rotation and ultraviolet as well as infrared absorption spectra. A comparison of the R{ values of each product with that of the corresponding reference using different solvent systems as well as their colour expressed with two spray reagents, was used as a further proof for the identity of the isolated products. With all concentrations of progesterone tested, maximum yield of 17ot -hydroxyprogesterone was obtained after 48 hours of fermentation Progesterone concentrations of 10 and 20 g/1 were almost quantitatively converted to the different transformation products after 72 hours of fermentation. Using a concentration of 20 g/1 and incubation period of 48 hours, the transformation product mixture consisted of unchanged progesterone (6%), 17 o< -hydroxyprogesterone (54%),llotrhydroxyprogesterone (29%) and llo<;,17<^-dihydroxy-progesterone (2.5%).تم استخدام مخمر صناعي سعة 2 لتر لاختيار مقدرة الفطرة على تكوين هذه المادة في ظروف تشبه تلك المطبقة في الصناعة . وبدراسة تركيزات متعددة فن مادة البروجستيرون تتراوح ما بين 10جرام /لتر إلى 50جرام /لتر ، وجد أن أنسب التركيزات المختبرة هو تركيز 20 جرام من البروجستيرون لكل لترمن الوسط الغذائي ، حيث تم تحويل كل البووجستيرون المضاف إلى المشتقات المختلفة خلال 72 ساعة من بدء الاضافة . ووجد أن أعلى معدل لتكوين مادة 17 ألفا - هيدروكسي البروجستيرون كان بعد 48 ساعة من بدأ إضافة البروجستيرون . عند فصل المواد الناتجة من تحول البروجستيرون بواسطة الفطرة المستخدمة وذلك بواسطة أعمدة الفصل باستخدام مادة الالومينا وجد أن البروجستيرون يتحول إلى : 17 ألفا - هيدروكسي البروجستيرون ( 54 %) 11 ألفا - هيدروكسي البروجستيرون (29%) 11 ألفا ، 17 ألفا - ثنائي هيدروكسي البروجستيرون (2.5%

Implications of automated vehicles for street design and planning: Espoo case

Automated Vehicles (AVs), in their foundational stage, are gradually emerging into Espoo’s road network. During the transition phase, AVs are expected to introduce several challenges and requirements for road operators in design and maintenance of physical infrastructure. This has pushed cities to investigate the potential changes needed to the way their road networks are operated and managed, to consistently support and optimize the outcomes from the introduction of AVs. The thesis uses a combination of qualitative methods, including map-based survey, road test drives, expert discussions and critical testing scenarios to identify and assess several street design elements in Espoo. The study assesses the automation ability of the Tesla Autopilot in the road network by experimenting several driving scenarios and weather conditions i.e. night and rain. The study also briefly tests other steering assist systems as a way to assess and compare capabilities of other steering assist systems within similar road environments. Today, the design and quality of road markings are the key features influencing the operation of machine vision based automated systems. Therefore, discussions regarding street design implications are mainly related to the design of longitudinal markings. In this study, several design elements had been identified and studied, including edge marking, lane split and merge marking, bus stop and side parking marking. Based on the current technological trends in vehicle automation, road operators are advised to consider several physical infrastructure and maintenance elements, including primarily the machine readability of line markings. The consistency in design, implementation and maintenance of road markings are seen to have the most benefit in facilitating the deployment of AVs today. However, it was observed that some road marking elements were more critical than others, and therefore, it is suggested that they have higher maintenance and design priority. While the study assesses street design elements that are seen significant for the operation of steering assist systems today, operators are advised to consider planning frameworks to plan for the introduction of AVs, in order to avoid making changes that may hinder their operation in the future. However, it is important to consider other aspects of road operation and management when considering any new innovative changes in street design in the future

Existence of monotonic LφL_\varphi-solutions for quadratic Volterra functional-integral equations

We study the quadratic integral equation in the space of Orlicz space $E_{\varphi}$ in the most important case when $\varphi$ satisfies the $\Delta_2$-condition. Considered operators are not compact and then we use the technique of measure of noncompactness associated with the Darbo fixed point theorem to prove the existence of a monotonic, but discontinuous solution. Our present work allows to generalize both previously proved results for quadratic integral equations as well as that for classical equations. Due to different continuity properties of considered operators in Orlicz spaces, we distinguish different cases and we study the problem in the most important case – in such a way to cover all Lebesgue spaces $L_p$ ($p \geq 1$)

Influence of Different Concentrations of Salt Stress on In Vitro Multiplication of Some Fig (Ficus carcia L.) Cultivars

This work aimed to establish in-vitro plant formation from Ficus carica L. cultivars (i.e., Black Mission, Brown Turkey and Brunswick) and investigate their salt tolerance using different concentrations of NaCl. Plant growth regulators BAP, Kinetin, 2iP and NAA were evaluated during proliferation, elongation and rooting stages. Murashige and Skoog (MS) was the most superior medium for increasing explant development in most tissue culture techniques for all cultivars. BA was the best cytokinin for enhancing proliferation in cvs. Brown Turkey and Brunswick, while Kinetin was more effective in improving growth and greening parameters of cv. Black Mission. Shoot elongation of cv. Black Mission was increased by using hormone-free media. Shoot elongation was enhanced by addition of 0.5 mg L-1 GA3 to the culture medium of cv. Brunswick, while 1.0 mg L-1 was better for cv. Brown Turkey. IBA at 2.0 mg L-1 was most effective in maximizing cv. Brown Turkey rooting, while 1.5 mg L-1 was the best for the other cultivars. Half strength MS medium produced the best root formation compared to other media strengths. NaCl at concentrations of more than 12 g L-1 induced lethal effects on all parameters under study and 11 g L-1 had adverse effect on the plantlets of cv. Brunswick. Contents of K+, Na +, Fe++ and Zn++ increased incrementally with increasing NaCl levels in all cultivars. cv. Brown Turkey accumulated more K+ and Na+ than others

Improving Abiotic Stress Resistance In Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) By Mutagenesis And Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation

Merged with duplicate record 10026.1/2333 on 14.02.2017 by CS (TIS)Abiotic environmental stress such as drought, salinity and low temperature are common conditions that adversely affect plant growth and crop production. Breeding for crop resistance to abiotic stress is difficult due to its multigenic nature. An alternative approach is through DNA mutation and DNA transfer. These approaches were employed and tested in this research and comparison between them was carried out. NEU and NMU induced mutant lines and control plants were sub-cultured many times on maintenance medium and stored at 5°c for 2 years and then tested for salt and hydroxyproline resistance as in-vitro and in-vivo plants and proline content was measured. Non-acclimated and acclimated in-vivo plants were also assessed for resistance to freezing. Control plants had little or no NaCI or hydroxyproline resistance whilst selected plants showed varying degrees of resistance. In-vitro and in-vivo responses of selected lines were correlated. Leaf proline content was increased markedly in the mutant lines and the greatest proline contents occurred following NaCI stress with the most respondent line having 100 fold levels compared to the controls. Both non-acclimated and acclimated selected lines showed improved frost resistance over controls. The results clearly demonstrated that NaCI, frost and hydroxyproline resistance were stable traits over repeated in-vitro subcultures and prolonged low temperature storage. A complete range of mutants with single, double or triple resistance traits were produced. The level of resistance however was not necessarily correlated with the level of proline and some lines showed resistance without elevated proline. It is concluded that elevated proline is not essential for improved resistance to abiotic stress in cauliflower, but where it does occur it does improve resistance. Integration of APX and SOD stress genes into cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) plants was achieved by using Agrobacterium tumefaciens – mediated transformation method. The procedure utilized polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of insert DNA directly after isolation of individual colonies without the necessity of separate procedures for DNA isolation and purification. Preliminary selection of transgenic plants was performed on different combinations of kanamycin, gentamycin and tetracycline containing medium. Integration of the introduced stress gene (APX and SOD) in the plants was confirmed by using β-glucuronidase gene (GUS) and leaf disc assays as a gene fusion and diagnostic marker, respectively. The stable integration of the APX and SOD gene at 478 bp was detected by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the putative transgenic plants. Analysis of APX and SOD gene expression under salt treatment showed that putative transgenic cauliflower survived the salinity stress comparing with the control plants

On solutions of some delay Volterra integral problems on a half-line

In this paper, we study the existence of a.e. monotonic solutions of some general delay integral problems for both fractional and integer orders in the space of Lebesgue integrable functions on the interval R+ = [0;1) and in the space of locally integrable functions L1loc (R+). In particular, the uniqueness of solutions for considered problems is obtained

On quadratic integral equations in Orlicz spaces

AbstractIn this paper we study the quadratic integral equation of the formx(t)=g(t)+λx(t)∫abK(t,s)f(s,x(s))ds. Several existence theorems for a.e. monotonic solutions in Orlicz spaces are proved for strongly nonlinear functions f. The presented method of the proof can be easily extended to different classes of solutions