Effect of Elymus repens on yield of winter wheat, spring barley and faba bean in an organic crop rotation experiment

The impact of crop rotation, nutrient levels and use of catch crops on effect of E. repens on a sandy soil at Jyndevad on yield of winter wheat (2006), spring barley (2007-2008) and faba bean (2006-2008) was studied in an existing organic crop rotation experiment (Olesen et al., 2000; Rasmussen et al., 2006). Some of the objectives were to determine the yield loss at different levels of infestation of the weed, and to determine whether this relationship was influenced by the treatments. For all crops, the treatments had a high impact on the yield. The two treatments that had no manure applied for up to 12 years consistently had the lowest yields. In spring barley, the two treatments with manure and with catch crops consistently had the highest yields. In faba bean, the treatment with manure and without catch crops had the highest yields. As for the effect of E. repens shoots on yield, in spring barley, there was a larger decrease in the system without grass clover. The same tendency was seen for winter wheat. For spring barley and faba bean, within each system (with or without grass clover), the yield in treatments without manure was less influenced by E. repens than in treatments with manure

High harmonic generation from Bloch electrons in solids

We study the generation of high harmonic radiation by Bloch electrons in a model transparent solid driven by a strong mid-infrared laser field. We solve the single-electron time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation (TDSE) using a velocity-gauge method [New J. Phys. 15, 013006 (2013)] that is numerically stable as the laser intensity and number of energy bands are increased. The resulting harmonic spectrum exhibits a primary plateau due to the coupling of the valence band to the first conduction band, with a cutoff energy that scales linearly with field strength and laser wavelength. We also find a weaker second plateau due to coupling to higher-lying conduction bands, with a cutoff that is also approximately linear in the field strength. To facilitate the analysis of the time-frequency characteristics of the emitted harmonics, we also solve the TDSE in a time-dependent basis set, the Houston states [Phys. Rev. B 33, 5494 (1986)], which allows us to separate inter-band and intra-band contributions to the time-dependent current. We find that the inter-band and intra-band contributions display very different time-frequency characteristics. We show that solutions in these two bases are equivalent under an unitary transformation but that, unlike the velocity gauge method, the Houston state treatment is numerically unstable when more than a few low lying energy bands are used

Parameter Inference in the Pulmonary Circulation of Mice

This study focuses on parameter inference in a pulmonary blood cir- culation model for mice. It utilises a fluid dynamics network model that takes selected parameter values and aims to mimic features of the pulmonary haemody- namics under normal physiological and pathological conditions. This is of medical relevance as it allows monitoring of the progression of pulmonary hypertension. Constraint nonlinear optimization is successfully used to learn the parameter values

Internalizing symptoms and friendships in adolescence: considering the role of interpersonal behavior in rejection and contagion effects

The present research considered associations among internalizing symptoms, interpersonal behaviors, and friendship adjustment in a sample of 642 seventh and tenth graders. Effects of youths’ internalizing symptoms on rejection were tested, as were contagion effects of internalizing symptoms within friendships. It was hypothesized that certain interpersonal behaviors would mediate both of these effects. Results indicated that depressed youth, especially girls, tended to report greater rejection by friends over nine months. Support was found for the depression contagion effect but not for the anxiety contagion effect. Little support was found for the hypothesis that interpersonal behaviors mediated these effects. Future research should explore whether some interpersonal behaviors are more likely to be exhibited in clinical samples and how these behaviors may have overlapping, additive, and/or interactive effects on socioemotional adjustment. Applied contributions of this research for the development of interpersonal interventions for youth with internalizing symptoms are discussed

Supplemental data for Investigation of Interferences in Carbon Dioxide through Multidimensional Molecular-Frame High-Harmonic Spectroscopy

Supplemental data for Tuthill et al. (2022) include the time-dependent density-functional theory simulation data and Python scripts used to produce the theory figures in the reference

Stabilization of metastable tetragonal zirconia nanocrystallites by surface modification

Metastable tetragonal zirconia nanocrystallites were studied in humid air and in water at room temperature (RT). A stabilizing effect of different surfactants on the tetragonal phase was observed. Furthermore, the phase stability of silanized metastable tetragonal zirconia nanocrystallites was tested by prolonged boiling in water. The samples were analyzed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Changes in the monoclinic volume fraction in the samples were calculated. A number of surfactants were screened for their ability to stabilize the tetragonal phase upon exposure to humidity. Only silanes and phosphate esters of these were able to stabilize the tetragonal phase in water. Even as small amounts of silanes as 0.25 silane molecule per nm2 are able to stabilize the tetragonal phase in water at RT. Aminopropyl trimethoxy silane and γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane were even capable of preventing phase transformation during boiling for 48 h in water