Epitheloid Type Renal Angiomyolipoma

Angiomyolipoma (AML) is a well-known rare soft tissue tumor involving the kidneys, liverand other organs. Epithelioid angiomyolipoma is a recently recognized variant ofangiomyolipoma, which is characterized by the presence of polygonal cells with denselyeosinophilic cytoplasm and varying degrees of nuclear atypia. Immunreactivity with HMB-45and CD68 are helpful for its identification. We report a case of epithelioid angiomyolipoma ofthe kidney that occurred in a 19-year-old woman

Türkiye'deki üç infertilite kliniğinin erkek infertilitesi, azoospermi ve kriptozoospermi insidansı

WOS: 000427076700003PubMed ID: 29511578Objective: Semen parameters are directly correlated with the infertility of the male. Incidence rates of male factor infertility, azoospermia and cryptozoospermia differ according to many factors such as geographic region, age, occupation and body weight. The aim of the present study is to determine the incidence of male factor infertility, azoospermia and cryptozoospermia among patients who have been admitted to three separate infertility clinics in Turkey for infertility investigation and analyze the outcomes of these patients. Material and methods: A total of 9733 men, who have been admitted to 3 infertility clinics in Turkey due to infertility between March 2011 and October 2016, were included in the study. Male infertility, azoozpermia and cryptozoospermia incidence were calculated according to WHO criteria. Results: Male factor infertility was determined in 3114 (32%) of the patients including cases with azoospermia and cryptozoospermia. Azoospermia cases were observed in 570 (5.85%) and cryptozoospermia in 850 (8.73%) men. Azoospermic, and cryptozoospermic patients constitute 18.3%, and 27.2% of the male infertility cases. Sperm retrieval rates in diagnostic or oocyte pick-up plus testicular sperm extraction groups were found to be comparable (16.39%, and 41.3%, respectively). Conclusion: The data obtained may help to estimate the number of in vitro fertilization cycles and testicular sperm extraction cases, to determine social security policies, and reproductive potential, and in the light of these data to establish social insurance policies. These data will help patients to decide on treatment alternatives, and guide the urologists about the issue.Amaç: Semen parametreleri erkek infertilitesi ile direkt ilişkilidir. Erkek faktörlü infertilite, azoospermi vekriptozoospermi insidansı coğrafi bölge, yaş, meslek ve vücut ağırlığı gibi birçok faktöre göre değişmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de 3 farklı infertilite kliniğine infertilite nedeniyle başvuran hastalararasında erkek faktörlü infertilite, azoospermi ve kriptozoospermi oranlarını belirlemek ve bu hastalarınsonuçlarını analiz etmektir.Gereç ve yöntemler: Mart 2011 ve Ekim 2016 tarihleri arasında, Türkiye’de 3 farklı infertilite kliniğineinfertilite nedeniyle başvuran 9733 erkek çalışmaya alınmıştır.Bulgular: Hastaların 3114’ünde (%32) erkek faktörlü infertilite (azoospermi ve kriptospermi vakaları dahil)belirlenmiştir. Hastaların 570’inde (%5,85) azoospermi, 850’sinde (%8,73) kriptozoospermi belirlenmiştir.Azoospermi vakaları erkek infertilite vakalarının %18,3’ünü, kriptozoospermi vakaları ise %27,2’sini oluşturmaktadır. Azoospermik ve kriptozoospermik hastalarda tanısal ya da oosit toplama işlemi ile eşleniktestiküler sperm ekstraksiyonu gruplarının sperm bulma oranları benzer (%16,39-%41,3 sırasıyla) bulunmuştur.Sonuç: Elde edilen sonuçlar in vitro fertilizasyon siklusu ve TESE vakalarını tahmin etmede ve bu verilerışığında sosyal güvenlik politikalarının belirlenmesine, üreme potansiyelinin belirlenmesi ve bu veriler ışığında ulusal sağlık politikaları belirlenmesine yardımcı olacaktır. Veriler aynı zamanda hastalara tedavi seçenekleri arasında karar vermelerine ve ürologlara konu ile ilgili yönlendirme yaparken fayda sağlayacaktır

Changing the Stage, Grade and Histological Subtypes of Renal Cell Carcinomas over 10 Years Period

Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) account 80–85% of all primary renal neoplasms and originate from the renal cortex. The patients who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy for renal tumour in our unit between January 2005 and 2015 were evaluated retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups; group 1 includes patients who were treated between January 2005 and December 2009, group 2 those from January 2010 to 2015. There were 103 patients in group 1. The patients were between 21 and 89 years with mean age of 61.46 year. Renal cell carcinomas account 83.4% of the patients, benign renal tumours were 8.7% and transitional cell carcinomas were 7.7% of the patients in group 1. A total of 32.5% RCCs were classified as pT1a, 24.4% as pT1b, 15.1% as pT2a, 11.6% as pT2b, 15.1% as pT3a and 1.1% as pT4. There were 202 patients in group 2 and the patients were between 27 and 81 years with mean age of 58.5 year. Renal cell carcinomas comprised the main bulk of the tumours with 182 nephrectomy specimens. According to the pathological classification of RCCs, 51 specimens were found as pT1a, 54 were pT1b, 13 were pT2a, 14 were pT2b, 48 were pT3a and 2 were pT4. Although, the incidence of small renal masses has been increasing with widespread use of imaging techniques and recent advancements, the proportion of high grade and advanced stage renal tumours increased during the study period

Review of international programs fighting against drugs

In this study, we reviewed some of the prominent education programs and methods used to fight against drugs around the world. These programs are mostly implemented according to age groups, therefore we preferred to classify them as school-based and community-based programs. At the end of this review, we also identified the deficiencies and failures of the programs and methods that were used. Among them, SFA (Lions Quest Skills for Adolescence) was found to be the most effective one. School-based programs, which employ information-based social communication tools, were found to be stronger than community-based ones. At the end of the study we concluded that an effective drug prevention program should be interactive, develop life skills and increase the individual's emotional awareness

The hematological parameters in testicular cancer

Although testicular cancer (TCa) is rare neoplasm that occurs in young men aged between 18 and 35 years. The risk factors are cryptorchidism, family history, and infertility. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio for the diagnosis of TCa. The patients who underwent orchiectomy in our unit reviewed retrospectively. Age of the patients, the laboratory results and pathological reports were recorded. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was calculated as the neutrophil counts divided to the lymphocyte counts. The patients were divided into two groups according to the pathology record. The testicular malign neoplasms are included in group 1 and group 2 includes the patients who had cryptorchidism and atrophic testes without any malignancy and inflammation. For statistical analysis, student t test was used for comparing the data between groups and the area under curves were used for NLR, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts in the diagnosis of testicular malign neoplasms.There were 285 patients in the present study. The patients' age was between 10 and 90 with a mean age of 36.87 ± 11.83 and 37.24 ± 20.31 years in groups respectively.The neutrophil, white blood cell counts and NLR were significantly higher in group 1 and lymphocye count was lower in patients with testicular cancer with statistical significance. The area under curve was 0.645, 0.626, 0.578 for NLR, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts for the diagnosis of TCa. Mixed germ cell tumor was the most common histologic subtype with an incidence of 51.58%(n:65 patients) and seminomas were reported 37.30% (n:47 patients) of the patients. Testicular cancer has low incidence when compared the other urologic malignancies. There are only three tumor markers that include alpha-fetaprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin and lactate dehydrogenase for testicular cancer diagnosis. The current study showed Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) may be used as a biomarker for TCa. Further studies are needed to define the assocaiton between NLR and testicular cancer

Effects of Intensive Cell Phone (Philips Genic 900) Use on the Rat Kidney Tissue

Purpose: To investigate effects of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) emitted by cell phones on therat kidney tissue.Materials and Methods: Twenty-one male Albino rats were divided into 3 groups, each comprising7 rats. Group 1 was exposed to a cell phone in speech mode for 8 hours/day for 20 days andtheir kidneys were removed. Group 2 was exposed to EMR for 20 days and then their kidneys wereremoved after an interval of 20 days. Cell phone used in the present study was Philips Genie 900,which has the highest specific absorption rate on the market.Results: Light microscopic examination of the kidney tissues obtained from the first group of ratsrevealed glomerular damage, dilatation of Bowman’s capsule, formation of large spaces betweenthe tubules, tubular damage, perivascular edema, and inflammatory cell infiltration. The mean severityscore was 4.64 ± 1.7 in group 1, 4.50 ± 0.8 in group 2, and 0 in group 3. While there was nosignificant difference between group 1 and group 2 (P > .05), the mean severity scores of groups 1and 2 were significantly higher than that of the control group (P = .001 for each).Conclusion: Considering the damage in rat kidney tissue caused by EMR-emitting cell phones,high-risk individuals should take protective measures

The Effect of Female Gender in Renal Cell Carcinomas

Renal cell carcinoma accounts 85% of all renal tumors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical and pathological results of female patients with RCCs and compare with male patients. The patients who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy were reviewed retrospectively. The clinical characteristics of male and female patients were analyzed and compared with age, tumor size, histological subtype, Fuhrman nuclear grade, and pathological T stage. There were 266 patients in the study. Of these patients; 181 patients (68.05%)  were male and 85 patients (31.95%) were female. The female patients’ and male patients’ mean ages were 57.09±13.36 and 60.24±10.44 years (P=0.007), respectively. Tumor size was smaller in female patients than male patients with statistically significant association (5.69±3.20 and 6.97±3.67, P=0.046). According to the histological subtypes, female patients had a greater proportion of chromophobe RCC with 18.82% of the patients. Interestingly, papillary (12.56%) and sarcomatoid differentiation (6.01%) subtypes were predominantly seen in male patients. The proportion of localized disease (pT1-2) was 80% and 74.3% in female and male patients, grade 1 and 2 consist 61.16% and 48.63% of the female and male patients. The female patients with RCC had smaller tumors and presented at younger age than male patients. Further research and epidemiologic studies are needed to define the effect of gender in renal cell carcinomas

The effects of electromagnetic waves emitted by the cell phones on the testicular tissue

Objectives: Various risks have emerged in parallel to the rapidly increasing use of cell phones. Herein we studied the effects of cell phone emitted electromagnetic waves (EMW) on rat testes. Material and Methods: Twenty one adult male Albino rats were grouped into 3 groups each consisting of 7 rats. The first group was exposed to EMW on talk mode for 8 hours per day for 20 days and then their testes were extracted. The testes of the second group were extracted after 20 days of whole day EMW exposure. The third group was the control group. For the statistical analysis Mann- Whitney U analysis was performed. Results: At light microscopic examination of the testicular tissue, the existence of a high number of immature cells in the lumen of the seminiferous tubule in addition to the normal seminiferous tubules, besides irregular tubules with a reduction in the spermatogenic cell lines and tubules without lumen were observed in groups 1 and 2. Histopathological alterations were scored as 0 = none, 1 = low, 2 = medium, 3 = serious. The average scores of the three groups were found to be 4.25 ± 1.5 for the group 1, 4.33 ± 3.9 for the group 2 and 0.37 ± 1.1 for the group 3 respectively. As a result of the statistical evaluation, group 1 and group 2 had significantly higher scores than the control group (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Infertility is one of the current problems of today due to a rapid increase in its incidence and cost. The negative effects of the EMWs on the testis should be taken into account and the necessary measures should be taken for prevention