Bursaphelenchus antoniae sp. n. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) associated with Hylobius sp. from Pinus pinaster in Portugal

Bursaphelenchus antoniae sp. n. is described and illustrated. Dauer juveniles were isolated from the body of the large pine weevil, Hylobius sp., collected from maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) stumps, in Portugal. Bursaphelenchus antoniae sp. n. was reared and maintained in P. pinaster wood segments and on Petri dish cultures of the fungi Botrytis cinerea and Monilinia fructicola. The new species is characterised by a relatively small body length of ca 583 μm (females) and 578 μm (males), a lateral field with two incisures, presence of a small vulval flap and a conoid female tail with a rounded or pointed terminus. Males have stout spicules with a disc-like cucullus and seven caudal papillae arranged as a single midventral precloacal papilla, one precloacal pair and two postcloacal pairs. In the character of the lateral field, B. antoniae sp. n. comes close to B. abietinus, B. rainulfi and B. hylobianum, whilst spicule characters place it within the piniperdae-group sensu Ryss et al. Morphologically, B. antoniae sp. n. is closest to B. hylobianum; the spicules of these two species having flattened, wing-like, alae on the distal third of the lamina. Bursaphelenchus antoniae sp. n. is distinguished from B. hylobianum on the arrangement of the caudal papillae (two vs three pairs). ITS-RFLP profiles and the failure to hybridise support the separation of the two species. Phylogenetic analysis of the new species, based on the 18S rDNA sequence, supports the inclusion of this new species in the B. hylobianum-group sensu Braasch. Sequence analysis of the 28S rDNA D2/D3 domain did not place the new species in a definite group

ABC of the Nagoya protocol in Germany – Access to genetic resources und benefit-sharing

Seit dem 12.10.2014 ist für die Mitgliedstaaten der Europäischen Union die „Verordnung (EU) Nr. 511/2014 des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates vom 16. April 2014 über Maßnahmen für die Nutzer zur Einhaltung der Vorschriften des Protokolls von Nagoya über den Zugang zu genetischen Ressourcen und die ausgewogene und gerechte Aufteilung der sich aus ihrer Nutzung ergebenden Vorteile in der Union“ in Kraft. Zentrale Elemente der Regelungen betreffen erstens den Zugang zu genetischen Ressourcen (access), zweitens den Vorteilsausgleich bei der Nutzung (benefit-sharing) und drittens die Übereinstimmung der Maßnahmen der Nutzer mit den durch die gesetzlichen Regelungen aufgestellten Anforderungen (compliance). Nationale Regelungen können die Verordnung für die einzelnen Mitgliedstaaten weiter konkretisieren. Seit dem 12. Oktober 2014 müssen Nutzer genetischer Ressourcen darauf achten, ob Erklärungen zur Einhaltung der Sorgfaltspflichten durch die zuständige Behörde verlangt werden, wenn sie genetische Ressourcen aus Vertragsstaaten des Nagoya-Protokolls beziehen. DOI: 10.5073/JfK.2016.04.01, https://doi.org/10.5073/JfK.2016.04.01Since 12 October 2014 “Regulation (EU) No 511/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on compliance measures for users from the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization in the Union” is implemented for member states. Main elements of the regulations concern 1. access to genetic resources, 2. benefit-sharing arising from the use and 3. compliance of measures for users. Member states are able to add national regulations. Effective from 12 October 2014 users of genetic resources are responsible for seeing that due diligence declarations can be requested by a competent authority, if the genetic resource is acquired from a party of the Nagoya-Protocol. DOI: 10.5073/JfK.2016.04.01, https://doi.org/10.5073/JfK.2016.04.0

Mapping genes governing flower architecture and pollen development in a double mutant population of carrot

A linkage map of carrot (Daucus carota L.) was developed in order to study reproductive traits. The F2 mapping population derived from an initial cross between a yellow leaf (yel) chlorophyll mutant and a compressed lamina (cola) mutant with unique flower defects of the sporophytic parts of male and female organs. The genetic map has a total length of 781 cM and included 285 loci. The length of the nine linkage groups ranged between 65 cM and 145 cM. All linkage groups have been anchored to the reference map. The objective of this study was the generation of a well-saturated linkage map of D. carota. Mapping of the cola-locus associated with flower development and fertility was successfully demonstrated. Two MADS-box genes (DcMADS3, DcMADS5) with prominent roles in flowering and reproduction as well as three additional genes (DcAOX2a, DcAOX2b, DcCHS2) with further importance for male reproduction were assigned to different loci that did not co-segregate with the cola-locus

Transcriptional corepressors in cancer

The normal cell transcriptional process entails a high degree of combinatorial effects and time‐dependent “flexibility” to translate cellular signaling into differential gene expression levels. Transcriptional corepressors can function as histone‐modifying enzymes to regulate epigenetic events, modulate chromatin structure, and hence control transcriptional activity. Various corepressor complexes have been described; qualitative and quantitative alterations of corepressors can crucially influence the transcriptional output of both normal and malignant cells. Because these molecules can exert epigenetic control of tumorigenic signaling pathways, they can be considered potential regulators of cancer cell‐related phenomena. Alterations of the expression level and/or function of transcriptional corepressors have been reported in a wide range of human cancers; thus, corepressors may present rational therapeutic targets as well as potential biomarkers of response to selective therapeutic interventions. Deeper insights into the context‐specific and time‐specific physical connections among transcription factors, coregulators, and gene regulatory elements, as well as epigenetic modifications, and their interactions, can enhance the capacity to interfere with small molecules that may restore the normal transcriptome/interactome in a cancer cell. There are several conceivable mechanisms of corepressor targeting in cancer that create enthusiasm. However, design, discovery, and testing of such innovative treatment approaches require extensive elaboration before they can achieve practical implementation in the clinic. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society. Alterations in the structure, expression level, and/or function of transcriptional corepressors have been documented in a broad array of human malignancies. Therefore, corepressors may function as rational therapeutic targets and/or potential biomarkers of response to selective chemotherapy regimens.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/96650/1/27908_ftp.pd