MULTIPLE TARGET TRACKING USING CHEAP JOINT PROBABILISTIC DATA ASSOCIATION MULTIPLE MODEL PARTICLE FILTER IN SENSORS ARRAY

ABSTRACT Joint multiple target tracking and classification is an important issue in many engineerin

Semi-Implicit Additive Operator Splitting Scheme for Image Segmentation Using the Chan-Vese Model

Active contour models are designed to evolve an initial curve, called level set, to extract the desired object(s) in an image. Most approaches are based on semi-implicit schemes which are stable for all time steps. Various models are used for the global segmentation such as Chan-Vese (CV) model. The CV model has the global segmentation property to segment all objects in an image. The problem with this model is the high time computing. In order to reduce it, our contribution in this work is the association of a semi-implicit Additive Operator Splitting (AOS) technique with the CV model in biphase and multiphase cases. The basic idea behind AOS schemes is to decompose a multi-dimensional problem into one-dimensional ones that can be solved very efficiently. In this paper, we present the new association in biphase and multiphase cases with simulations showing the efficiency of the proposed method

Rare predicted loss-of-function variants of type I IFN immunity genes are associated with life-threatening COVID-19

BackgroundWe previously reported that impaired type I IFN activity, due to inborn errors of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I interferon (IFN) immunity or to autoantibodies against type I IFN, account for 15-20% of cases of life-threatening COVID-19 in unvaccinated patients. Therefore, the determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 remain to be identified in similar to 80% of cases.MethodsWe report here a genome-wide rare variant burden association analysis in 3269 unvaccinated patients with life-threatening COVID-19, and 1373 unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals without pneumonia. Among the 928 patients tested for autoantibodies against type I IFN, a quarter (234) were positive and were excluded.ResultsNo gene reached genome-wide significance. Under a recessive model, the most significant gene with at-risk variants was TLR7, with an OR of 27.68 (95%CI 1.5-528.7, P=1.1x10(-4)) for biochemically loss-of-function (bLOF) variants. We replicated the enrichment in rare predicted LOF (pLOF) variants at 13 influenza susceptibility loci involved in TLR3-dependent type I IFN immunity (OR=3.70[95%CI 1.3-8.2], P=2.1x10(-4)). This enrichment was further strengthened by (1) adding the recently reported TYK2 and TLR7 COVID-19 loci, particularly under a recessive model (OR=19.65[95%CI 2.1-2635.4], P=3.4x10(-3)), and (2) considering as pLOF branchpoint variants with potentially strong impacts on splicing among the 15 loci (OR=4.40[9%CI 2.3-8.4], P=7.7x10(-8)). Finally, the patients with pLOF/bLOF variants at these 15 loci were significantly younger (mean age [SD]=43.3 [20.3] years) than the other patients (56.0 [17.3] years; P=1.68x10(-5)).ConclusionsRare variants of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I IFN immunity genes can underlie life-threatening COVID-19, particularly with recessive inheritance, in patients under 60 years old