203 research outputs found
Spectator detection for the measurement of proton neutron interactions at ANKE
A telescope of three silicon detectors has been installed close to the
internal target position of the ANKE spectrometer, which is situated inside the
ultra-high vacuum of the COSY-Juelich light-ion storage ring. The detection and
identification of slow protons and deuterons emerging from a deuterium
cluster-jet target thus becomes feasible. A good measurement of the energy and
angle of such a spectator proton (p_sp) allows one to identify a reaction as
having taken place on the neutron in the target and then to determine the
kinematical variables of the ion-neutron system on an event-by-event basis over
a range of c.m. energies.
The system has been successfully tested under laboratory conditions. By
measuring the spectator proton in the p d to p_sp d pi^0 reaction in
coincidence with a fast deuteron in the ANKE Forward Detector, values of the p
n to d pi^0 total cross-section have been deduced. Further applications of the
telescope include the determination of the luminosity and beam polarisation
which are required for several experiments.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figure
First results of meteor radar lower thermosphere wind measurements at Dixon, Arctic (73.5γN, 80γE)
Results of simultaneous wind measurements by the identical meteor radars at Dixon (73.5Β°N, 80Β°E) and Obninsk (55Β°N, 37Β°E) are presented for the time interval from November 12, 1999 to July 31, 2000. A number of features were observed which require comprehensive investigation on the basis of long-term wind measurements in the high-latitude lower thermosphere. The observed semidiurnal tide phases at Dixon are close to those published for Troms0, providing some evidence for predominance of the migrating semidiurnal tide for semidiurnal oscillations at this latitude. Highly coherent oscillations in tidal amplitudes and prevailing winds were also revealed, as well as time intervals with non-significant semidiurnal tide during which oscillations with periods different from but close to 12 h were observed
The summertime 12-h wind oscillation with zonal wavenumber <i>s</i> = 1 in the lower thermosphere over the South Pole
International audienceMeteor radar measurements of winds near 95 km in four azimuth directions from the geographic South Pole are analyzed to reveal characteristics of the 12-h oscillation with zonal wavenumber one (s=1). The wind measurements are confined to the periods from 19 January 1995 through 26 January 1996 and from 21 November 1996 through 27 January 1997. The 12-h s=1 oscillation is found to be a predominantly summertime phenomenon, and is replaced in winter by a spectrum of oscillations with periods between 6 and 11.5 h. Both summers are characterized by minimum amplitudes (5?10 ms?1) during early January and maxima (15?20 ms?1) in November and late January. For 10-day means of the 12-h oscillation, smooth evolutions of phase of order 4?6 h occur during the course of the summer. In addition, there is considerable day-to-day variability (Β±5?10 ms?1 in amplitude) with distinct periods (i.e., ~5 days and ~8 days) which suggests modulation by planetary-scale disturbances. A comparison of climatological data from Scott Base, Molodezhnaya, and Mawson stations suggests that the 12-h oscillation near 78Β°S is s=1, but that at 68Β°S there is probably a mixture between s=1 and other zonal wavenumber oscillations (most probably s=2). The mechanism responsible for the existence of the 12-h s=1 oscillation has not yet been identified. Possible origins discussed herein include in situ excitation, nonlinear interaction between the migrating semidiurnal tide and a stationary s=1 feature, and thermal excitation in the troposphere
Climatological lower thermosphere winds as seen by ground-based and space-based instruments
Comparisons are made between climatological dynamic fields obtained from ground-based (GB) and space-based (SB) instruments with a view towards identifying SB/GB intercalibration issues for TIMED and other future aeronomy satellite missions. SB measurements are made from the High Resolution Doppler Imager (HRDI) instrument on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS). The GB data originate from meteor radars at Obninsk, (55Β° N, 37Β° E), Shigaraki (35Β° N, 136Β° E) and Jakarta (6Β° S, 107Β° E) and MF spaced-antenna radars at Hawaii (22Β° N, 160Β° W), Christmas I. (2Β° N, 158Β° W) and Adelaide (35Β° S, 138Β° E). We focus on monthly-mean prevailing, diurnal and semidiurnal wind components at 96km, averaged over the 1991-1999 period. We perform space-based (SB) analyses for 90Β° longitude sectors including the GB sites, as well as for the zonal mean. Taking the monthly prevailing zonal winds from these stations as a whole, on average, SB zonal winds exceed GB determinations by ~63%, whereas meridional winds are in much better agreement. The origin of this discrepancy remains unknown, and should receive high priority in initial GB/SB comparisons during the TIMED mission. We perform detailed comparisons between monthly climatologies from Jakarta and the geographically conjugate sites of Shigaraki and Adelaide, including some analyses of interannual variations. SB prevailing, diurnal and semidiurnal tides exceed those measured over Jakarta by factors, on the average, of the order of 2.0, 1.6, 1.3, respectively, for the eastward wind, although much variability exists. For the meridional component, SB/GB ratios for the diurnal and semidiurnal tide are about 1.6 and 1.7. Prevailing and tidal amplitudes at Adelaide are significantly lower than SB values, whereas similar net differences do not occur at the conjugate Northern Hemisphere location of Shigaraki. Adelaide diurnal phases lag SB phases by several hours, but excellent agreement between the two data sources exists for semidiurnal tidal phases throughout the year. These results are consistent with phase retardation effects in the MF radar technique that are thought to exist above about 90km. Prevailing and tidal amplitudes from Shigaraki track year-to-year variations in SB fields, whereas in the Southern Hemisphere poorer agreement exists. The above hemispheric differences are due in part to MF vs. meteor radar techniques, but zonal asymmetries and day-to-day variability, combined with inadequate sampling, may also be playing a role. Based on these results, some obvious recommendations emerge that are relevant to combined GB/SB studies as part of TIMED and other future aeronomy missions.J. M. Forbes, Yu. I. Portnyagin, W. Skinner, R. A. Vincent, T. Solovjova, E. Merzlyakov, T. Nakamura, and S. Pal
High- and mid-latitude quasi-2-day waves observed simultaneouslyby four meteor radars during summer 2000
International audienceResults from the analysis of MLT wind measurements at Dixon (73.5Β°N, 80Β°E), Esrange (68Β°N, 21Β°E), Castle Eaton (UK) (53Β°N, 2Β°W), and Obninsk (55Β°N, 37Β°E) during summer 2000 are presented in this paper. Using S-transform or wavelet analysis, quasi-two-day waves (QTDWs) are shown to appear simultaneously at high- and mid-latitudes and reveal themselves as several bursts of wave activity. At first this activity is preceded by a 51?53h wave with S=3 observed mainly at mid-latitudes. After a short recess (or quiet time interval for about 10 days near day 205), we observe a regular sequence of three bursts, the strongest of them corresponding to a QTDW with a period of 47?48h and S=4 at mid-altitudes. We hypothesize that these three bursts may be the result of constructive and destructive interference between several spectral components: a 47?48h component with S=4; a 60-h component with S=3; and a 80-h component with S=2. The magnitudes of the lower (higher) zonal wave-number components increase (decrease) with increasing latitude. The S-transform or wavelet analysis indicates when these spectral components create the wave activity bursts and gives a range of zonal wave numbers for observed bursts from about 4 to about 2 for mid- and high-latitudes. The main spectral component at Dixon and Esrange latitudes is the 60-h oscillation with S=3. The zonal wave numbers and frequencies of the observed spectral components hint at the possible occurrence of the nonlinear interaction between the primary QTDWs and other planetary waves. Using a simple 3-D nonlinear numerical model, we attempt to simulate some of the observed features and to explain them as a consequence of the nonlinear interaction between the primary 47?48h and the 9?10day waves, and the resulting linear superposition of primary and secondary waves. In addition to the QTDW bursts, we also infer forcing of the 4-day wave with S=2 and the 6?7day wave with S=1, possibly arising from nonlinear decoupling of the 60-h wave with S=3. The starting mechanism for this decoupling is the Rossby wave instability (e.g. Baines, 1976). This result is consistent with the day-to-day wind variability during the observed QTDW events. An interesting feature of the final stage of the observed QTDW activity in summer 2000 is the occurrence of strong 4?5 day waves with S=3. Key words. Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (middle atmosphere dynamics; waves and tides; general or miscellaneous
ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π―ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΡΡ in vitro ΠΈ in vivo
ΠΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ β Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ, ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π΄Ρ. ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠΌ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π°Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. Π ΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
Π² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π΅ΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠ°Π½Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ β Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉ [Π±ΡΡΡΡ
(Sargassum pallidum), Π·Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
(Ulva lactuca) ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
(Ahnfeltia fastigiata var. tobuchiensis)], Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡ
Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π² Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ
Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π―ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΡΡ, Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ +50 Β°C, ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ 0,5β1 ΠΌΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ 70%-Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π² ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈ S. pallidum β (218,2 Β± 20,3) ΠΌΠ³-ΡΠΊΠ² ΠΠΒ·Π³β1 ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ°. Π ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ Π·Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈ U. lactuca Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎ (16,2 Β± 1,8) ΠΌΠ³-ΡΠΊΠ² ΠΠΒ·Π³β1 ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ°, Π² ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈ A. fastigiata var. tobuchiensis β (9,1 Β± 1,6) ΠΌΠ³-ΡΠΊΠ² ΠΠΒ·Π³β1 ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ°. Π‘ΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° S. pallidum ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½-ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»Ρ 2,2β-Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎ-Π±ΠΈΡ(3-ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½-6-ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ) (ABTS+) ΠΈ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ»ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»Ρ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² U. lactuca ΠΈ A. fastigiata var. tobuchiensis. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠ° Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΡ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. Π Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ (Π²Π΅Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
, ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²) ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² (ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°, Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²). ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π±Π΅Π»ΡΡ
Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΡΡΠ°Ρ
-ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΉ 20β30 Π³. ΠΡΡΡΡΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΡΠΌ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΡ Π½Π° 24 Ρ. ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ° ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π·Π²Π΅ΡΠΈ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 100 ΠΌΠ³ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΊΠ³ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π° Π² ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ ΠΌΡΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΄ Π΄Π²Π°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ β Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΡΡΡ 6 Ρ. ΠΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Β«ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΒ» Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΌΠ΅, ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΌΡ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ². Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ±ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°: Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠ½Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·ΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ·Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ΄Π°. ΠΠΎΠ΄ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡ ΠΈΠ· U. lactuca ΠΈ A. fastigiata var. tobuchiensis, ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌ Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡ S. pallidum. Π Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡ S. pallidum, Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π·Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Ρ, ΡΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² Π±ΡΡΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉ
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