Trends of pesticide residues in foods imported to the United Kingdom from 2000 to 2020

© 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. This is the accepted manuscript version of an article which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108616A total of 33,911 samples with determined pesticide residues were collated and analysed in the UK monitoring programme to determine trends in pesticide residue levels in imported foods during the period of 2000–2020. 17,027 of those samples (50.2%) contained detectable residues while 1,126 (3.3%) exceeded maximum residue levels (MRLs). An increased trend and a significant shift before and after 2010 in imported foods containing both detectable residues and exceeding MRLs were found. The main factors responsible for these changes were due to constant amendments in regulations and legal frameworks. With adoption of Regulation EC396/2005, there have been major changes that have affected the operations of the UK food monitoring programme including sampling methods, analysis methods, new MRLs, types of foods, and the accreditation system. The proportion of imported foods with residues and the amounts of residues in imported foods varied from country to country. Foods imported from non-European countries had more non-compliant rates than foods imported from EU. Levels of pesticide residues also varied between processed foods and unprocessed raw agricultural products and between plant-based and animal foods. Fruits and vegetables and cereals had higher occurrences of quantified residues as well as higher MRLs violation rates compared to animal products.Peer reviewe

Successful treatment of a case with cervical lymphatic malformation: Repeated bleomycin sclerotherapy

Lymphatic malformations (LM) are benign congenital malformations of the lymphatic system. They are frequently seen in the neck and sometimes can be life-threatening due to compression to the airway. Treatment modalities are widespread including surgical excision, radiotherapy, laser therapy, and application of intralesional sclerosing agents. We report the successful treatment of cervical LM in a 3-year-old boy who presented with a sudden onset of a large cystic mass in the posterior cervical triangle and was treated with repeated injections of intralesional bleomycin

Investigation of Exercise Dependency Attitude in Cyclists

DergiPark: 379030tmsjAims:The aim of this study is to determine the relation between exercise dependency, exercise dependency frequency and sportive habits correspondent to cycling.Methods: There were 165 voluntary participants between the ages of 18 and 62. They have filled out Exercise Dependency Scale-21 and by dint of the scale they have been categorized into 3 following groups: “Dependent”, “Non Dependent Symptomatic” and “Non Dependent Asymptomatic”. The participants’ medical conditions and traits of cycling were determined by an evaluation form and compared in between the groups. For the data acquired, Kruskal Wallis test was used for the comparison in between the groups; Mann-Whitney-U test was used to compare the data of two groups. This study was approved by the local ethics board. Results: When the data analyzed with Exercise Dependency Scale-21, it was determined that there were 9 (5.5%) people who were “dependent”, 107 (67.8%) people who were “non dependent symptomatic” and 49 (29.7%) people who were “non dependent asymptomatic”. The weekly cycling time in the last year was found more in the dependent (19.6±15.5) group and the symptomatic (11.6±11.1) group than the asymptomatic (7.8±7.4) group (respectively p=0.017 and p=0.015). Weekly cycling frequency was found more both in the dependent (6.8±3.6) group and the symptomatic (5.9±12.5) group than the asymptomatic (3.5±3.3) group (respectively p=0.005 ve p=0.044). Furthermore the last year’s weekly cycling frequency of dependent group was higher than the symptomatic group (p=0.0016). In this study, there is no significant difference depending on the consumption of alcohol and cigarettes.Conclusion:In this study, exercise dependency of the cyclists is determined to be 5.5%. According to the Exercise Dependency Scale-21, the weekly exercise duration and frequency of the dependent group were higher than the symptomatic and the asymptomatic groups. Therefore, consumption of alcohol and cigarettes by the groups were similar, thus exercise dependency is not coherent with the consumption of alcohol and cigarette

Magnetospheric particle acceleration and X-ray emission of pulsars

The available data on isolated X-ray pulsars, their wind nebulae, and the supernova remnants which are connected to some of these sources are analyzed. It is shown that electric fields of neutron stars tear off charged particles from the surface of neutron star and trigger the acceleration of particles. The charged particles are accelerated mainly in the field of magneto-dipole radiation wave. Power and energy spectra of the charged particles depend on the strength of the magneto-dipole radiation. Therefore, the X-ray radiation is strongly dependent on the rate of rotational energy loss and weakly dependent on the electric field intensity. Coulomb interaction between the charged particles is the main factor for the energy loss and the X-ray spectra of the charged particles.Comment: minor correction on table format, 20 pages (4 figures, 1 table), submitted to International Journal of Modern Physics

Successful Treatment of a Case with Cervical Lymphatic Malformation: Repeated Bleomycin Sclerotherapy

Lymphatic malformations (LM) are benign congenital malformations of the lymphatic system. They are frequently seen in the neck and sometimes can be life-threatening due to compression to the airway. Treatment modalities are widespread including surgical excision, radiotherapy, laser therapy, and application of intralesional sclerosing agents. We report the successful treatment of cervical LM in a 3-year-old boy who presented with a sudden onset of a large cystic mass in the posterior cervical triangle and was treated with repeated injections of intralesional bleomycin

Possible evolution of dim radio quiet neutron star 1E 1207.4-5209 based on a B-decay model

Dim radio-quiet neutron star (DRQNS) 1E 1207.4-5209 is one of the most heavily examined isolated neutron stars. Wide absorption lines were observed in its spectrum obtained by both XMM-Newton and Chandra X-ray satellites. These absorption lines can be interpreted as a principal frequency centered at 0.7 keV and its harmonics at 1.4, 2.1 and possibly 2.8 keV. The principal line can be formed by resonant proton cyclotron scattering leading to a magnetic field which is two orders of magnitude larger than the perpendicular component of the surface dipole magnetic field (B) found from the rotation period (P) and the time rate of change in the rotation period (\.{P}) of 1E 1207.4-5209. Besides, age of the supernova remnant (SNR) G296.5+10.0 which is physically connected to 1E 1207.4-5209 is two orders of magnitude smaller than the characteristic age ($\tau$=P/2\.{P}) of the neutron star. These huge differences between the magnetic field values and the ages can be explained based on a B-decay model. If the decay is assumed to be exponential, the characteristic decay time turns out to be several thousand years which is three orders of magnitude smaller than the characteristic decay time of radio pulsars represented in an earlier work. The lack of detection of radio emission from DRQNSs and the lack of point sources and pulsar wind nebulae in most of the observed SNRs can also be partly explained by such a very rapid exponential decay. The large difference between the characteristic decay times of DRQNSs and radio pulsars must be related to the differences in the magnetic fields, equation of states and masses of these isolated neutron stars.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figur

The evaluation of vitamin K status in children with febrile seizure

Background: Febrile seizure is the most common neurological disorder in childhood. The exact pathophysiology of febrile seizures is unknown. Recent studies showed the role of vitamin K in nonhematological and inflammatory disorders. This study aimed to investigate the serum vitamin K levels in children with febrile seizures. Aims: To evaluate vitamin K levels in children with febrile seizures. Study Design: Prospective case-control study. Methods: This multicenter study examined representative populations in 8 different cities in Turkey between April 1, 2018 and April 1, 2019. Blood samples were taken from all children at presentation. Vitamin K1, vitamin K2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1 beta, and interleukin 6 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: A total of 155 children were included in the study—84 children with febrile seizures and 71 children in febrile control group. Serum vitamin K1 and vitamin K2 levels were also higher in children with febrile seizures than in the controls. The results of statistical analysis showed that vitamin K1 and vitamin K2 levels were correlated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1 beta, and interleukin 6 levels. The median vitamin K1 and vitamin K2 levels of children experiencing their first febrile seizure were higher than those in children with recurrent febrile seizures. Type of febrile seizure has no effect on serum vitamin K1 and vitamin K2 levels. Conclusion: In children with febrile seizures, vitamin K levels are higher than those in the control group. These new findings may contribute to elucidating the etiopathogenesis of febrile seizures

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely