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Are Mock Jurors Influenced by the Defendants Gender, Socio-Economic Status and Emotional State in Forensic Medicine?
The aim of this study was to investigate whether mock jurors’ decisions were affected by the defendant’s gender, socio-economic status and emotional state in mock cases. The implications are far reaching, especially in trials that involve forensic medicine. An experimental design was used where a total of 24 participants from Bournemouth University took part, and were assigned to one of four groups. In these groups, the three independent variables were manipulated. Participants were presented with two murder/manslaughter cases. The results suggest male defendants received harsher judgements than female defendants. More female defendants were found not guilty than male defendants. Male defendants from a high socio-economic background received harsher judgements than male defendants from a low socio-economic background. Female defendants from a low socio-economic background received harsher judgements than female defendants from a high socio-economic background. Female defendants were found to be more trustworthy than male defendants. These findings are discussed are discussed in the context of the jury’s verdict, sentence length and personal opinion of the defendant
Central Stellar Populations of S0 Galaxies in The Fornax Cluster
Based on FORS2-VLT long-slit spectroscopy, the analysis of the central
absorption line indices of 9 S0 galaxies in the Fornax Cluster is presented.
Central indices correlate with central velocity dispersions as observed in
ellipticals. However, the stellar population properties of these S0s indicates
that the observed trends are produced by relative differences in age and
alpha-element abundances and not in metallicity ([Fe/H]) as previous studies
have found in elliptical galaxies. The observed scatter in the line indices vs.
velocity dispersion relations can be partially explained by the
rotationally-supported nature of many of these systems. The presence of tighter
line indices vs. maximum (circular) rotational velocity relations confirms this
statement. It was also confirmed that the dynamical mass is the driving
physical property of all these correlations and in our Fornax S0s it has to be
estimated assuming rotational support.Comment: To appear in the Proceedings of IAU Symposium 241: "Stellar
Populations as Building Blocks of Galaxies", 10-16 December, 2006 at La
Palma, Canary Islands, Spai
Projecting a Preferred Identity: How Five Government Contractors Frame their Corporate Brands Online
This study expands framing research as a competitive intelligence tool for discerning the message strategies of a company’s competition. A content analysis of five Oak Ridge Associated Universities’ competitor websites was conducted to determine key subject areas and how each competitor positioned their business to a variety of publics. Using Entman (1991, 1993) and Hallahan’s (1999) framing research as the theoretical framework, the study reviews extant literature on corporate use of websites to frame reputations and cultivate relationships. Key findings reveal that ORAU’s competitors are more likely to promote new business, new hires/promotions, awards/honors, and project completions when issuing press releases but are rarely using any success-themed frames on their service-related webpages. The competitors’ use of frames is not influenced by business type (for-profit or non-profit), and when it comes to new business opportunities and experience, ORAU’s competitors are discussing one or the other, but not both. Lastly, the results of this content analysis revealed that ORAU’s competitors are not quantifying their experience with statistics
Halo Geometry and Dark Matter Annihilation Signal
We study the impact of the halo shape and geometry on the expected weakly
interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter annihilation signal from the
galactic center. As the halo profile in the innermost region is still poorly
constrained, we consider different density behaviors like flat cores, cusps and
spikes, as well as geometrical distortions. We show that asphericity has a
strong impact on the annihilation signal when the halo profile near the
galactic center is flat, but becomes gradually less significant for cuspy
profiles, and negligible in the presence of a central spike. However, the
astrophysical factor is strongly dependent on the WIMP mass and annihilation
cross-section in the latter case.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, PR
A Relational Approach to Reducing Uncertainty during a Crisis through the use of Mobile Technology
It is estimated that six in ten American adults access the Internet using some form of a wireless device (Smith, 2010). In the years ahead, the United States is expected to reach 100 percent mobile phone penetration by 2013 (“Getting to Know the Mobile Population,” 2009). Recognizing that the ability to access the information network at any time and at any place will continue to expand in the near term, it is incumbent upon public relations practitioners to critically examine the opportunity to reduce uncertainty through a variety of digital applications. In this regard, this paper adopts a relational approach toward the examination of how mobile technologies cultivate personal relationships and reciprocal communication methods that are characteristic to those outlined within uncertainty reduction theory. Findings include facilitating intelligent crisis response, implementing two-way communication, and encouraging citizen participation
Exploring Disk Galaxy Dynamics Using IFU Data
In order to test the basic equations believed to dictate the dynamics of disk
galaxies, we present and analyze deep two-dimensional spectral data obtained
using the PPAK integral field unit for the early-type spiral systems NGC 2273,
NGC 2985, NGC 3898 and NGC 5533. We describe the care needed to obtain and
process such data to a point where reliable kinematic measurements can be
obtained from these observations, and a new more optimal method for deriving
the rotational motion and velocity dispersions in such disk systems. The data
from NGC 2273 and NGC 2985 show systematic variations in velocity dispersion
with azimuth, as one would expect if the shapes of their velocity ellipsoids
are significantly anisotropic, while the hotter disks in NGC 3898 and NGC 5533
appear to have fairly isotropic velocity dispersions. Correcting the rotational
motion for asymmetric drift using the derived velocity dispersions reproduces
the rotation curves inferred from emission lines reasonably well, implying that
this correction is quite robust, and that the use of the asymmetric drift
equation is valid. NGC 2985 is sufficiently close to face on for the data,
combined with the asymmetric drift equation, to determine all three components
of the velocity ellipsoid. The principal axes of this velocity ellipsoid are
found to be in the ratio sigma_z:sigma_phi:sigma_R ~ 0.7:0.7:1, which shows
unequivocally that this disk distribution function respects a third integral of
motion. The ratio is also consistent with the predictions of epicyclic theory,
giving some confidence in the application of this approximation to even fairly
early-type disk galaxies.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
Pattern and degree of left ventricular remodeling following a tailored surgical approach for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.
Background The role of a tailored surgical approach for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) on regional ventricular remodelling remains unknown. The aims of this study were to evaluate the pattern, extent and functional impact of regional ventricular remodelling after a tailored surgical approach. Methods From 2005 to 2008, 44 patients with obstructive HCM underwent tailored surgical intervention. Of those, 14 were ineligible for cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) studies. From the remainder, 14 unselected patients (42±12 years) underwent pre- and post-operative CMR studies at a median 12 months post-operatively (range 4-37 months). Regional changes in left ventricular (LV) thickness as well as global LV function following surgery were assessed using CMR Tools (London, UK). Results Pre-operative mean echocardiographic septal thickness was 21±4 mm and mean LV outflow gradient was 69±32 mmHg. Following surgery, there was a significant degree of regional regression of LV thickness in all segments of the LV, ranging from 16% in the antero-lateral midventricular segment to 41% in the anterior basal segment. Wall thickening was significantly increased in basal segments but showed no significant change in the midventricular or apical segments. Globally, mean indexed LV mass decreased significantly after surgery (120±29g/m2 versus 154±36g/m2; p<0.001). There was a trend for increased indexed LV end-diastolic volume (70±13 mL versus 65±11 mL; p=0.16) with a normalization of LV ejection fraction (68±7% versus 75±9%; p<0.01). Conclusion Following a tailored surgical relief of outflow obstruction for HCM, there is a marked regional reverse LV remodelling. These changes could have a significant impact on overall ventricular dynamics and function
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