Features of permeability anisotropy accounting in the hydrodynamic model

Important step in the construction of a geological and hydrodynamic model is to set the correct properties of the formations and further adapt the model to the historical development data. Main source of information on the geological properties of reservoirs is well logging data. Paper describes the application of the method for post-interpretation processing of logging data, with the help of which the lateral anisotropy value of the field site is found. Brief discussion on the algorithm for adapting the hydrodynamic model to the parameters of the formation using one reference well is given. Feature of the logging data application to study the phenomenon of permeability anisotropy is that this type of research is widespread, has sufficient information content, and the geophysical system itself does not require the inclusion of specialized instruments. Based on geophysical study, a volumetric model of the properties for oil and gas bearing formation is constructed, from which the permeability distribution is used, whose gradient allows establishing the directions of improved and deteriorated filtration properties. As a result, during adaption of the model, it was possible to achieve a difference in reserves between the geological and hydrodynamic models of 2.4 %, which is an acceptable deviation for further calculations. It was found that the direction of improved filtration properties has a northeastern direction at an angle of 35°, and the value of lateral anisotropy is 2.2. Obtained results of lateral anisotropy, taking into account the data on values of vertical anisotropy, are included in the field model, where it is planned to further study the effect of permeability anisotropy on formation productivity

Manipulation of the Spin Memory of Electrons in n-GaAs

We report on the optical manipulation of the electron spin relaxation time in a GaAs based heterostructure. Experimental and theoretical study shows that the average electron spin relaxes through hyperfine interaction with the lattice nuclei, and that the rate can be controlled by the electron-electron interactions. This time has been changed from 300 ns down to 5 ns by variation of the laser frequency. This modification originates in the optically induced depletion of n-GaAs layer

Giant negative magnetoresistance in semiconductors doped by multiply charged deep impurities

A giant negative magnetoresistance has been observed in bulk germanium doped with multiply charged deep impurities. Applying a magnetic field the resistance may decrease exponentially at any orientation of the field. A drop of the resistance as much as about 10000% has been measured at 6 T. The effect is attributed to the spin splitting of impurity ground state with a very large g-factor in the order of several tens depending on impurity.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Recommendations on the certification of reference standards for structure identification of recombinant therapeutic proteins

Reference standards for structure identification of recombinant therapeutic proteins are essential for quality assessment of recombinant protein-based biotechnological medicinal products. The development and certification of such reference standards hold special relevance because of, firstly, the absence of international, national or compendial reference standards for a number of new or recently approved proteins and, secondly, the disruption of supply chains providing the biopharmaceutical industry of the Russian Federation with international reference standards. Moreover, international and national regulatory documents contain only general requirements for the procedure of reference standards certification but not the considerations specific to the standards for biotechnologicals’ structure identification, which vary with the production technologies for each individual active moiety. The aim of this work was to provide recommendations on the procedure for the development and certification of reference standards used to identify the structure of recombinant therapeutic proteins. These recommendations define 4 main stages of the procedure: stage 1 covers the development of requirements for the reference standard, including the justification of material and formulation choices, the elaboration of quality specifications, and the assessment of quality; stage 2 comprises the selection of analytical procedures and the establishment of the values for the certified parameters; stage 3 includes stability studies and shelf-life setting; and stage 4 involves the development of documentation for the reference standard. The paper dwells upon the scope of the stages, taking into account the specific considerations for recombinant therapeutic proteins and the use of reference standards. The recommendations are based upon the extensive experience in biotechnologicals testing and standardisation of the employees of the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products. These recommendations can provide a base for the establishment of protein-specific certification programmes for reference standards used in structure identification. This approach will allow for systematisation of the process for standards development and ensure the traceability of information and the validity of results. The reference standards certified in accordance with these recommendations can be considered primary standards, if necessary

Cohomological aspects on complex and symplectic manifolds

We discuss how quantitative cohomological informations could provide qualitative properties on complex and symplectic manifolds. In particular we focus on the Bott-Chern and the Aeppli cohomology groups in both cases, since they represent useful tools in studying non K\"ahler geometry. We give an overview on the comparisons among the dimensions of the cohomology groups that can be defined and we show how we reach the $\partial\overline\partial$-lemma in complex geometry and the Hard-Lefschetz condition in symplectic geometry. For more details we refer to [6] and [29].Comment: The present paper is a proceeding written on the occasion of the "INdAM Meeting Complex and Symplectic Geometry" held in Cortona. It is going to be published on the "Springer INdAM Series

Electron and Hole Spin Splitting and Photogalvanic Effect in Quantum Wells

A theory of the circular photogalvanic effect caused by spin splitting in quantum wells is developed. Direct interband transitions between the hole and electron size-quantized subbands are considered. It is shown that the photocurrent value and direction depend strongly on the form of the spin-orbit interaction. The currents induced by structure-, bulk-, and interface-inversion asymmetry are investigated. The photocurrent excitation spectra caused by spin splittings in both conduction and valence bands are calculated.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

Solutions to the Wheeler-Dewitt Equation Inspired by the String Effective Action

The Wheeler-DeWitt equation is derived from the bosonic sector of the heterotic string effective action assuming a toroidal compactification. The spatially closed, higher dimensional Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) cosmology is investigated and a suitable change of variables rewrites the equation in a canonical form. Real- and imaginary-phase exact solutions are found and a method of successive approximations is employed to find more general power series solutions. The quantum cosmology of the Bianchi IX universe is also investigated and a class of exact solutions is found.Comment: 21 pages of plain LaTeX, Fermilab-Pub-93/100-

Alipogene tiparvovec: a long journey of risk-benefit ratio assessment of gene therapy products

According to EMA, advanced therapy medicinal products include, inter alia, therapeutic systems containing nucleic acids used for replacement or repair of genetic defects. Alipogen tiparvovec, a medicine containing genetic material for treatment of hereditary deficiency of lipoprotein lipase, meets these criteria. The article summarizes pathophysiological principles of this medicine action in subjects with lipoprotein lipase deficiency. The article describes the results of preclinical research conducted in mice and cats. Clinical trials revealed its efficiency in patients with hereditary lipoprotein lipase deficiency, however the period during which the drug proved efficient was rather short. Nevertheless the data obtained from alipogen tiparvovec clinical trials were convincing enough for EMA to permit its application in clinical practice

Quantum computing with antiferromagnetic spin clusters

We show that a wide range of spin clusters with antiferromagnetic intracluster exchange interaction allows one to define a qubit. For these spin cluster qubits, initialization, quantum gate operation, and readout are possible using the same techniques as for single spins. Quantum gate operation for the spin cluster qubit does not require control over the intracluster exchange interaction. Electric and magnetic fields necessary to effect quantum gates need only be controlled on the length scale of the spin cluster rather than the scale for a single spin. Here, we calculate the energy gap separating the logical qubit states from the next excited state and the matrix elements which determine quantum gate operation times. We discuss spin cluster qubits formed by one- and two-dimensional arrays of s=1/2 spins as well as clusters formed by spins s>1/2. We illustrate the advantages of spin cluster qubits for various suggested implementations of spin qubits and analyze the scaling of decoherence time with spin cluster size.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures; minor change

Рекомендации по аттестации стандартных образцов для подтверждения подлинности структуры рекомбинантных терапевтических белков

Reference standards for structure identification of recombinant therapeutic proteins are essential for quality assessment of recombinant protein-based biotechnological medicinal products. The development and certification of such reference standards hold special relevance because of, firstly, the absence of international, national or compendial reference standards for a number of new or recently approved proteins and, secondly, the disruption of supply chains providing the biopharmaceutical industry of the Russian Federation with international reference standards. Moreover, international and national regulatory documents contain only general requirements for the procedure of reference standards certification but not the considerations specific to the standards for biotechnologicals’ structure identification, which vary with the production technologies for each individual active moiety. The aim of this work was to provide recommendations on the procedure for the development and certification of reference standards used to identify the structure of recombinant therapeutic proteins. These recommendations define 4 main stages of the procedure: stage 1 covers the development of requirements for the reference standard, including the justification of material and formulation choices, the elaboration of quality specifications, and the assessment of quality; stage 2 comprises the selection of analytical procedures and the establishment of the values for the certified parameters; stage 3 includes stability studies and shelf-life setting; and stage 4 involves the development of documentation for the reference standard. The paper dwells upon the scope of the stages, taking into account the specific considerations for recombinant therapeutic proteins and the use of reference standards. The recommendations are based upon the extensive experience in biotechnologicals testing and standardisation of the employees of the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products. These recommendations can provide a base for the establishment of protein-specific certification programmes for reference standards used in structure identification. This approach will allow for systematisation of the process for standards development and ensure the traceability of information and the validity of results. The reference standards certified in accordance with these recommendations can be considered primary standards, if necessary.Наличие стандартных образцов для оценки подлинности структуры рекомбинантных терапевтических белков является непременным условием оценки качества биотехнологических лекарственных средств, полученных на их основе. Актуальность разработки и аттестации данных стандартных образцов обусловлена, с одной стороны, отсутствием международных или фармакопейных стандартных образцов для ряда новых или сравнительно недавно зарегистрированных белков, с другой стороны — нарушением логистической цепочки обеспечения биофармацевтической индустрии Российской Федерации международными стандартными образцами. При этом нормативные международные и отечественные документы содержат общие требования к процедуре аттестации стандартных образцов и не отражают специфику стандартных образцов для оценки подлинности структуры биотехнологических лекарственных средств, зависящую от технологии получения конкретной терапевтически активной молекулы. Цель работы — представление рекомендаций к процедуре разработки и порядку аттестации стандартных образцов для подтверждения подлинности структуры рекомбинантных терапевтических белков. В настоящих рекомендациях определены 4 основных этапа разработки и аттестации стандартных образцов: этап 1 — разработка требований к стандартному образцу, обоснование выбора материала для стандартного образца, формы выпуска, разработка спецификации и оценка качества; этап 2 — выбор методики и установление величины аттестованной характеристики; этап 3 — исследование стабильности и установление срока годности стандартного образца; этап 4 — разработка сопроводительной документации. Рассмотрены особенности наполнения данных этапов с учетом специфики рекомбинантных терапевтических белков и формата применения стандартных образцов. Настоящие рекомендации разработаны на основании многолетнего опыта работы сотрудников ФГБУ «НЦЭСМП» Минздрава России в области экспертизы и стандартизации биотехнологических лекарственных препаратов. На основе рекомендаций возможно создание индивидуальных программ аттестации стандартных образцов для подтверждения подлинности структуры конкретного белка. Данный подход позволит систематизировать процесс разработки стандартных образцов, обеспечит прослеживаемость и доступность информации. Стандартные образцы, аттестованные в соответствии с настоящими рекомендациями, могут рассматриваться как первичные в случае необходимости