Comparative Legal Context of Land Consolidation in Georgia

From the time of independence to the present day, land legislation in Georgia has undergone numerous changes, evolving at its own pace. However, Georgia's aspiration to join the European Union necessitates additional modifications. This article focuses on one specific issue: land consolidation. The analysis is conducted through comparative legal and historical-toponymic research, drawing insights from similar countries such as Hungary, Slovakia, and other European states. This approach is justified by the small size of these countries, their recent history of joining the European Union, and ongoing reforms in land consolidation. The topic's relevance and outcome orientation are highlighted, as land consolidation significantly intertwines with public and private legal interests. The article encompasses scrutiny of Georgian and foreign legislative acts, doctrinal materials, and other historical sources. Land consolidation stands out as a pivotal element in the broader context of land law and, more practically, as the primary driver for the functioning of the agricultural sector, the country's development, and its path toward European Union membership. In essence, this article evaluates Georgia's capacity to establish an effective policy and legislative framework to regulate these relationships

Approximate Next-to-Leading Order and Next-to-Next-to-Leading Order Corrections

For processes involving structure functions and/or fragmentation functions, arguments that, over a range of a proper kinematic variable, there is a part that dominates the next-to-leading order (NLO) corrections are briefly reviewed. The arguments are tested against more recent NLO and in particular complete next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) calculations. A critical examination of when these arguments may not be useful is also presented.Comment: 8 pages and 4 figure

Comparative Legal Context of Land Consolidation in Georgia

From the time of independence to the present day, land legislation in Georgia has undergone several changes, while the legislation has been developing at its own pace. However, Georgia's aspiration to join the European Union requires other changes. The present article studies one of the problems - land consolidation, which was analyzed as a result of comparative legal and historical-toponymic research on the example of similar countries, such as Hungary, Slovakia, and other European states, which is due to the small size of the above-mentioned countries, the short history of joining the European Union and simultaneous reforms of land consolidation in an angle that continues even now. The topic is relevant and resultoriented, as land consolidation is closely related to public and private legal interests. This article covers Georgian and foreign legislative acts, doctrinal material, and other historical sources. Land consolidation is one of the main components of land law in a broad sense, and more practically, it is the main key to the functioning of the agricultural sector, the country's development, and its accession to the European Union. Thus, this article examines Georgia's ability to create the right policy and legislative framework to regulate these relationships

Discovering connections between economic and political dependence in the context of Russia-Georgia economic relations

This Master’s thesis examines social dimension of the economic dependence and foreign policy compliance of Georgia to Russia in order to explain foreign policy choices of the governments of Georgia. According to the mainstream IPE scholarship, higher the economic dependence, more prone the dependent partner is to make political compromises for the benefit of the dominant. Though, this logic is not applicable to the case of the Georgia-Russia relations which is why economic nationalism - as the construction of set of discourses which define frame for the economic policy decisions - is brought into analysis to suggest better explanation of the connection between economic and political dependence. The 2003-2016 period is chosen as the time frame for the analysis where 2003-2007 and 2012-2016 years are analyzed with utmost scrutiny since they correspond to the periods when the governments of Georgia made contrasting policy actions towards relations with Russia: resisted to make compromises in the foreign policy when the economic dependence on Russia was high in 2006-2007 and turned to the concessions when the economic dependence was the lowest in the history of Russia-Georgia relations. The thesis elaborates a novel methodology combining the quantitative and qualitative techniques and finds that economic nationalism gives relevance to the economic dependence and triggers political concessions from the decision-makers.http://www.ester.ee/record=b4641522*es

Comparative Legal Context of Land Consolidation in Georgia

From the time of independence to the present day, land legislation in Georgia has undergone numerous changes, evolving at its own pace. However, Georgia's aspiration to join the European Union necessitates additional modifications. This article focuses on one specific issue: land consolidation. The analysis is conducted through comparative legal and historical-toponymic research, drawing insights from similar countries such as Hungary, Slovakia, and other European states. This approach is justified by the small size of these countries, their recent history of joining the European Union, and ongoing reforms in land consolidation. The topic's relevance and outcome orientation are highlighted, as land consolidation significantly intertwines with public and private legal interests. The article encompasses scrutiny of Georgian and foreign legislative acts, doctrinal materials, and other historical sources. Land consolidation stands out as a pivotal element in the broader context of land law and, more practically, as the primary driver for the functioning of the agricultural sector, the country's development, and its path toward European Union membership. In essence, this article evaluates Georgia's capacity to establish an effective policy and legislative framework to regulate these relationships

Next-to-next-to-leading order O(αs4){\cal O}(\alpha_s^4) results for heavy quark pair production in quark--antiquark collisions: The one-loop squared contributions

We calculate the next-to-next-to-leading order ${\cal O}(\alpha_s^4)$ one-loop squared corrections to the production of heavy quark pairs in quark-antiquark annihilations. These are part of the next-to-next-to-leading order ${\cal O}(\alpha_s^4)$ radiative QCD corrections to this process. Our results, with the full mass dependence retained, are presented in a closed and very compact form, in the dimensional regularization scheme. We have found very intriguing factorization properties for the finite part of the amplitudes.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, electronic results file, abbreviation NNLO in Title and Abstract expanded, Summary expanded, reference updated, version to appear in Phys.Rev.

Laurent series expansion of a class of massive scalar one-loop integrals up to {\cal O}(\ep^2) in terms of multiple polylogarithms

In a recent paper we have presented results for a set of massive scalar one-loop master integrals needed in the NNLO parton model description of the hadroproduction of heavy flavors. The one--loop integrals were evaluated in n=4-2\ep dimension and the results were presented in terms of a Laurent series expansion up to {\cal O}(\ep^2). We found that some of the \ep^2 coefficients contain a new class of functions which we termed the $L$ functions. The $L$ functions are defined in terms of one--dimensional integrals involving products of logarithm and dilogarithm functions. In this paper we derive a complete set of algebraic relations that allow one to convert the $L$ functions of our previous approach to a sum of classical and multiple polylogarithms. Using these results we are now able to present the \ep^2 coefficients of the one-loop master integrals in terms of classical and multiple polylogarithms.Comment: 32 pages, Latex, references added, matches published versio