Una visión antropológica de la educación: la cultura como referencia y diferencia

El concepte de cultura es presenta com un recurs discursiu que facilita la referència a diferències entre grups i la seva ubicació social. Actua d’aquesta manera com una representació, afavoreix l’organització i la percepció de la realitat. En el cas de l’escola, és un recurs freqüent entre el professorat, però aquesta pràctica pot minvar les possibilitats de comunicació i aplicació d’un model d’educació intercultural, en què l’anomenat culturalisme apareix com una barrera per al desenvolupament de pràctiques més obertes.The concept of culture is presented as a discursive resource that facilitates the reference to differences between groups and their social location. It thus acts as a representation, favouring the organisation and perception of reality. In the case of schools, it is a frequent resource among teaching staff, yet culture can undermine the possibilities for communication and the application of an intercultural education model, in which so-called culturalism appears as a barrier for developing more open practices

Hormone-Mediated Gene-Specific Translation Regulation

The central role of translation regulation in the control of critical cellular processes has long been recognized. Yet the systematic exploration of quantitative changes in translation at a genome-wide scale in response to specific stimuli has only recently become technically feasible. Using a genetic approach, we have identified new Arabidopsis weak-ethylene insensitive mutants that also display defects in translation, which suggested the existence of a previously unknown molecular module involved in ethylene-mediated translation regulation of components of this signaling pathway. To explore this link in detail, we implemented for Arabidopsis the ribosome-footprinting technology, which enables the study of translation at a whole-genome level at single codon resolution[1]. Using ribosome-footprinting we examined the effects of short exposure to ethylene on the Arabidopsis translatome looking for ethylene-triggered changes in translation rates that could not be explained by changes in transcript levels. The results of this research, in combination with the characterization of a subset of the aforementioned weak-ethylene insensitive mutants that are defective in the UPF genes (core-components of the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay machinery), uncovered a translation-based branch of the ethylene signaling pathway[2]. In the presence of ethylene, translation of a negative regulator of ethylene signaling EBF2 is repressed, despite induced transcription of this gene. These translational effects of ethylene require the long 3´UTR of EBF2 (3´EBF2), which is recognized by the C-terminal end of the key ethylene-signaling protein EIN2 (EIN2C) in the cytoplasm once EIN2C is released from the ER-membrane by proteolytic cleavage. EIN2C binds the 3´EBF2, recruits the UPF proteins and moves to P-bodies, where the translation of EBF2 in inhibited despite its mRNA accumulation. Once the ethylene signal is withdrawn, the translation of the stored EBF2 mRNAs is resumed, thus rapidly dampening the ethylene response. These findings represent a mechanistic paradigm of gene-specific regulation of translation in response to a key growth regulator. Translation regulatory elements can be located in both 3′ and 5′ UTRs. We are now focusing on the ead1 and ead2 mutants, another set of ethylene-signaling mutants defective in translational regulation. Ribosome-footprinting on the ead1 mutant revealed an accumulation of translating ribosomes in the 5´UTRs of uORF-containing genes and reduction in the levels of ribosomes in the main ORF. The mutant is also impaired in the translation of GFP when this reporter is fused to WT 5´UTR of potential EAD1 targets but not when GFP is fused to the uORF-less versions of the same 5´UTRs. Our hypothesis is that EAD1/2 work as a complex that is required for the efficient translation of mRNAs that have common structural (complex 5´UTR with uORFs) and functional (regulation of key cellular processes) features. We are working towards the identification of the conditions where the EAD1 regulation of translation is required. [1] Ingolia, N. et al. (2009) Genome-Wide Analysis in Vivo of Translation with Nucleotide Resolution Using Ribosome Profiling. Science, 324; 218-222 [2] Merchante, C. et al. (2015) Gene-Specific Translation Regulation Mediated by the Hormone-Signaling Molecule EIN2. Cell, 163(3): 684-697Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Representacions socials: docents i alumnes en un context estigmatitzat. El cas de Son Gotleu

Aquest article presenta algunes dades i conclusions d’una investigació centrada en les representacions socials dels docents sobre la població immigrant i la situació als centres d’ensenyament, juntament amb les valoracions dels alumnes respecte de l’escola i els mestres. La metodologia utilitzada és l’estudi de cas, amb una aproximació etnogrà!ca al barri de Son Gotleu com a marc de l’objecte de l’estudi.Este artículo presenta algunos datos y conclusiones de una investigación centrada en las representaciones sociales de los docentes, sobre la población inmigrante y la situación de los centros de enseñanza, junto a las valoraciones de los alumnos, respecto a la escuela y los maestros. La metodología utilizada es el estudio de caso con una aproximación etnográ!ca al barrio de Son Gotleu, como marco del objeto de estudio

Studying the role of the strawberry Fra protein family in the flavonoid metabolism during fruit ripening

Strawberry fruits are highly appreciated worldwide due to their pleasant flavor and aroma and to the health benefits associated to their consumption. An important part of these properties is due to their content in secondary metabolites, especially phenolic compounds, of which flavonoids are the most abundant in the strawberry fruit. Although the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway is uncovered, little is known about its regulation. The strawberry Fra a (Fra) genes constitute a large family of homologs of the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 and for which no equivalents exist in Arabidopsis. Our group has shown that Fra proteins are involved in the formation of colored compounds in strawberries (Muñoz et al., 2010), which mainly depends on the production of certain flavonoids; that they are structurally homologs to the PYR/PYL/RCAR Arabidopsis ABA receptor, and that they are able to bind flavonoids (Casañal et al., 2013). With these previous results, our working hypothesis is that the Fra proteins are involved in the regulation of the flavonoids pathway. They would mechanistically act as the ABA receptor, binding a protein interactor and a ligand to regulate a signaling cascade and/or act as molecular carriers. The main objective of this research is to characterize the Fra family in strawberry and gain insight into their role in the flavonoid metabolism. By RNAseq expression analysis in ripening fruits we have identified transcripts for 10 members of the Fra family. Although expressed in all tissues analyzed, each family member presents a unique pattern of expression, which suggests functional specialization for each Fra protein. Then, our next approach was to identify the proteins that interact with Fras and their ligands to gain knowledge on the role that these proteins play in the flavonoids pathway. To identify the interacting partners of Fras we have performed a yeast two hybrid (Y2H) screening against cDNA libraries of strawberry fruits at the green and red stages. A protein that shares a 95% homology to the Heat stress transcription factor A-4-C like of Fragaria vesca (HSA4C) interacts specifically with Fra1 and not with other family members, which suggests functional diversification of Fra proteins in specific signaling pathways. The Y2H screening is not yet saturated, so characterization of other interacting proteins with other members of the Fra family will shed light on the functional diversity within this gene family. This research will contribute to gain knowledge on how the flavonoid pathway, and hence, the fruit ripening, is regulated in strawberry; an economically important crop but for which basic research is still very limited. References: Muñoz, C, et al. (2010). The Strawberry Fruit Fra a Allergen Functions in Flavonoid Biosynthesis. Molecular Plant, 3(1): 113–124. Casañal, A, et al (2013). The Strawberry Pathogenesis-related 10 (PR-10) Fra a Proteins Control Flavonoid Biosynthesis by Binding Metabolic Intermediates. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 288(49): 35322–35332.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

La "puesta en valor" de la colección del Museo de Ciencias Naturales, una constante irrenunciable y diaria

Sección: Noticias. Noticias internasUn investigador del Museo, Valdecasas, nos presenta un proyecto que ha conocido de primera mano durante su estancia en el Natural History Museum de Londres, da cuenta de algo que se evidencia a diario en nuestra biblioteca; la colección del Museo de Ciencias alberga amén de interesantes joyas bibliográficas una ciencia viva que se solicita continuamente para su lectura o préstamo personal e interbibliotecario.N

La descripción de fondos de archivo en la Red de Bibliotecas del CSIC

Sección: Las bibliotecas cuentanAunque archiveros y bibliotecarios pretenden el mismo fin, hacer accesible la información que conservan, su metodología de trabajo es muy diferente porque así lo es el material que procesan. Los primeros tienen ejemplares únicos, fruto de las actividades de personas o instituciones, y los clasifican y organizan no de forma aislada, sino tratándolos como conjuntos orgánicos de acuerdo al principio de procedencia, siguiendo una estructura jerárquica.N

La descripción de fondos de archivo en la Red de Bibliotecas del CSIC

Sección: Las bibliotecas cuentanAunque archiveros y bibliotecarios pretenden el mismo fin, hacer accesible la información que conservan, su metodología de trabajo es muy diferente porque así lo es el material que procesan. Los primeros tienen ejemplares únicos, fruto de las actividades de personas o instituciones, y los clasifican y organizan no de forma aislada, sino tratándolos como conjuntos orgánicos de acuerdo al principio de procedencia, siguiendo una estructura jerárquica.N