11 research outputs found
Razvoj i vrednovanje dvoslojnih tableta propranolol hidroklorida
The objective of the present research was to develop a bilayer tablet of propranolol hydrochloride using superdisintegrant sodium starch glycolate for the fast release layer and water immiscible polymers such as ethyl cellulose, Eudragit RLPO and Eudragit RSPO for the sustaining layer. In vitro dissolution studies were carried out in a USP 24 apparatus I. The formulations gave an initial burst effect to provide the loading dose of the drug followed by sustained release for 12 hrs from the sustaining layer of matrix embedded tablets. In vitro dissolution kinetics followed the Higuchi model via a non-Fickian diffusion controlled release mechanism after the initial burst release. FT-IR studies revealed that there was no interaction between the drug and polymers used in the study. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) showed no significant difference in the cumulative amount of drug release after 15 min, but significant difference (p 0.005) in the amount of drug released after 12 h from optimized formulations was observed.U radu je opisan razvoj dvoslojnih tableta propranolol hidroklorida, koristeći superdezintegrator škrob glikolat natrij u sloju za brzo oslobađanje i polimere koji se ne miješaju s vodom (etil celuloza, Eudragit RLPO i Eudragit RSPO) u sloju za usporeno oslobađanje. In vitro oslobađanje praćeno je u USP aparatu I te je uočeno početno naglo oslobađanje ljekovite tvari iza kojeg slijedi polagano oslobađanje tijekom 12 sati. In vitro kinetika oslobađanja prati Higouchijev model, dok mehanizam kontroliranog oslobađanja ne slijedi Fickov zakon poslije početnog naglog oslobađanja. FT-IR studije ukazuju da nema interakcije između ljekovite tvari i polimera upotrebljenih u oblikovanju. Statistička analiza (ANOVA) nije pokazala značajne razlike u kumulativnoj količini oslobođenog lijeka iz optimiranih formulacija poslije 15 minuta i polije 12 h
The impact of leadership on organizational ambidexterity and employee psychological safety in the global acquisitions of emerging market multinationals
This paper examines the impact of leadership on organizational ambidexterity and employee psychological safety (EPS) based on a sample of 105 global acquisitions of emerging market multinationals. The findings suggest that, compared to the transactional and laissez-faire ones, the charismatic leadership style is more significantly related to organizational ambidexterity and EPS. The results also suggest that transactional leadership is more positively related to ambidexterity and EPS than laissez-faire leadership. In addition, organizational ambidexterity is directly and positively associated with EPS. The implications of these results for both research and practice are discussed in the paper
Condicionantes de consolidação de redes de cooperação interorganizacional: um estudo de caso sobre o Rio Grande do Sul
A strategic analysis of the expected performance of United States firms participating in international joint ventures
This study attempts to address the issue whether participation in international joint ventures (IJVs) negatively impacts the long-term economic performance of American firms--as some empirical studies assert it does. More usefully, the study attempts to discover conditions under which U.S. capital markets expect IJVs to create economic value for their respective parents. This study employs the Event study methodology to fulfill its first objective. To fulfill its second objective, this study investigates the influence of variables in the task-related, partner-related, institutional, competitive, and structural context(s) of IJV parents. These influences on performance are integrated within an economics-oriented theory base, which generates eight propositions that are tested within a multivariate regression framework. Above all, the present study finds that, on average, U.S. capital markets expect IJVs to create economic value for approximately 50% of the sample of participating American firms. This figure is nearly constant between the manufacturing and non-manufacturing sector subsamples. Moreover, this study finds support for the hypothesized performance effect of variables in the task-related and structural context of parents. Specifically, business relatedness between a parent and its venture, the pursuit of research and development-oriented activity via IJVs, greater ownership of the venture, and larger firm size, all are found to favorably influence the IJV-based performance of the sample of participating firms. Although this study also finds support for the influence of firm-level competition on performance, the direction of this impact is contrary to that conjectured here. Less--not more--competition decreases IJV-based performance, but the impact of greater competition is statistically insignificant. No support is found for conjectures about the value creating role of institutional variables (similarity between an IJV\u27s partners\u27 national cultures; political risk in an IJV\u27s host country) or variables in the partner-related context of firms (business relatedness between an IJV\u27s parents; previous IJV experience; relative firm size of an IJV\u27s partners)
The structure-performance relationship in international joint ventures: a comparative analysis
In a recent study published in this Journal [Sim, A., & Ali, Y. (1998). Performance of international joint ventures from developing and developed countries: An empirical study in a developing country context. Journal of World Business, 33(4): 357-376.] compared the attributes and performance of joint ventures (JVs) between firms from developed versus developing countries. This study extends Sim and Ali's (1998) work by circumventing its key limitations. It compares the structure and capital market performance of two-party equity JVs across three sponsor categories: (i) partners from developed countries, (ii) partners from newly industrialized countries, and (iii) partners from developing countries. Based on a cross-sectional sample of more than 700 JVs involving American firms and non-American partners, this study finds that the structure of JVs varies significantly across-sponsor categories. These differences reveal themselves in terms of American firms' differential market performance. Moreover, some JV characteristics consistently influence firms' shareholder value whereas the impact of other characteristics depends upon a particular sponsor category.
The impact of home-country conditions and geographical diversification on the domestic productivity of telecom multinationals: A multi-country study
Purpose: Previous work in international business largely disregards the interplay between home-country conditions and firms’ geographical diversification – implying that, regardless of indigenous conditions, firms can modify their domestic performance (which the authors measure in terms of change in firms’ domestic productivity) merely by diversifying into international markets. The authors contest this view and argue that diversification does not substitute for home-country conditions. Rather, it moderates the baseline impact of home-country conditions on indigenous firms’ domestic performance. The purpose of this study is to describe these mechanisms and empirically examine their implications for indigenous firms’ performance. Design/methodology/approach: The authors investigate the above model based on a 20-year longitudinal analysis of 600 observations involving telecommunication incumbents from 65 countries. They control for possible reverse causality between firms’ international diversification (and other firm-specific factors) and their domestic performance, and conduct several robustness checks. Findings: The authors find – as hypothesized – that international diversification moderates the baseline performance impact of different home-country attributes in different ways. Such diversification does not have a uniform moderating effect on home-country attributes. In other words, the baseline effects of home-country conditions are altered as indigenous firms become more internationalized. Originality/value: Theoretically, this work bridges the micro- and macro-level arguments that interweave strands from the competitive strategy and national competitive advantage literatures. By unpacking diversification’s role vis-à-vis the effect of upstream (home-country) conditions on firm performance, the authors attempt to shed light on the mechanisms that help (or hinder) indigenous firms’ performance. Empirically, this study helps to reconcile seemingly opposite views about whether and, if so, how much home-country conditions shape indigenous firms’ expansion after they have diversified internationally
Handbook of research on international strategic management/ Edit.: Alain Verbeke and Hemant Merchant
x, p. 495.: ill.; 25 c
Handbook of research on international strategic management/ Edit.: Alain Verbeke and Hemant Merchant
x, p. 495.: ill.; 25 c
A Multi-dimensional Analysis of the Subjective Well-Being of Self-Initiated Expatriates: The Case of Nigerian Expatriates in Germany
This paper examines the role of four types of influences on the Subjective Well-Being of Nigerian self-initiated expatriates in Germany: (1) Individual, (2) Group, (3) Social, and (4) Organizational. Based on survey data from 377 respondents, we find that variables in all four categories influence subjective well-being. Our findings generally agree with the results predicted by the theory, albeit a few counter-intuitive findings. Above all, our results indicate the potency of social- and group-level influences. The individual- and organizational-level influences, too, are significant, although to a slightly lesser extent. Overall, our results suggest that “soft” factors play an important role in augmenting perceptions about one’s own well-being in the context of international assignments