Running Economy while Running in Extreme Cushioning and Normal Cushioning Running Shoes

The purpose of the study was to determine if running economy was influenced by wearing maximal cushioning shoes vs. control (neutral cushioning) shoes. (Please see Abstract in text

Development plans under the land use planning ordinance

The word 'development plan' is mentioned only once in the Land Use Planning Ordinance and therefore there are various ways in which its purpose, as envisaged by the Legislature, is interpreted.Because the mention is given in brackets within the definition of structural plans, it is clear that development plans are intended to be part of structural planning. Unlike in the case of British planning, and in accordance with strategic plans as used by Port Elizabeth Municipality; Development Plans appear to be an implementation strategy. This is in line with development plans as proposed in the Natal Plans Package. Otherwise, development plans can also be seen as detailed plans for physical development, but the latter interpretation is apparently not the purpose as contemplated by the Ordinance. From Port Elizabeth's experience it appears that a development plan is needed for each level of planning. In a hierarchical system, problems may arise because changes usually take place when general planning is done after detail planning. Any change that creates a detailed plan to a statutory structure plan will only have to be processed as an amendment to the structure plan, with provincial approval, which may cause delays

Future of smart cardiovascular implants

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in Western society. Recent technological advances have opened the opportunity of developing new and innovative smart stent devices that have advanced electrical properties that can improve diagnosis and even treatment of previously intractable conditions, such as central line access failure, atherosclerosis and reporting on vascular grafts for renal dialysis. Here we review the latest advances in the field of cardiovascular medical implants, providing a broad overview of the application of their use in the context of cardiovascular disease rather than an in-depth analysis of the current state of the art. We cover their powering, communication and the challenges faced in their fabrication. We focus specifically on those devices required to maintain vascular access such as ones used to treat arterial disease, a major source of heart attacks and strokes. We look forward to advances in these technologies in the future and their implementation to improve the human condition

Examining the mechanistic regulation of starvation-induced autophagy via the identification and characterisation of novel ULK kinase substrates

Autophagy involves the formation of an endoplasmic reticulum-derived membrane termed a phagophore which expands to engulf cytoplasmic cargo before sealing to form an autophagosome. Amino acid starvation is amongst the most potent autophagic stimuli, however whilst the key signalling complexes involved in starvation-induced autophagy are known, the precise regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. The serine/threonine kinase ULK1 and close homolog ULK2 assume the most upstream position in the autophagic signalling cascade and play a crucial yet enigmatic role in coordinating the autophagic machinery. To further understand the mechanisms of starvation-induced autophagy, I performed a number of unbiased phosphoproteomic screens to identify ULK substrates before classifying their roles in starvation-induced autophagy. Analysis of these datasets has revealed that loss of ULK results in significant changes to the phosphoproteome and has yielded a high confidence list of potential substrates whilst also offering interesting insights into the veracity of the published ULK consensus signature. Amongst the novel phosphorylation targets are components of the retromer and AMPK complexes along with multiple components of the class III PI3K VPS34 complex. The pseudokinase p150, scaffolding component of the VPS34 complex, is phosphorylated by ULK1 in vitro and in vivo at serine 861. CRISPR-based knockout of p150 results in inhibition of autophagy and endosomal trafficking, whilst mutating the phosphorylated residue in p150 alters both omegasome establishment and autophagic flux. Furthermore, incorporation of phosphomutant p150 into the VPS34 complex modulates its lipid kinase activity in vitro. These data identify a novel ULK-dependent signalling axis and help illuminate the complexities of signal transduction in autophagy

Letter, n.d., from John Herndon Mercer to Eva Jessye

2 pages, Mercer was the President of the Songwriters Hall of Fame. The bottom fourth of the paper was cut out, so half of the message is missing. There is a photograph of Mercer attached

Alien Registration- Mercer, John A. (Northport, Waldo County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/5018/thumbnail.jp

Sibling relationships in Shakespeare's plays : course, quality, and function

Includes vita.Despite recent interest in family relationships in Shakespeare, the fifty-five or so sets of siblings in the plays have been largely overlooked. This study groups Shakespeare's siblings into the follow­ ing chapters: twins, rival brothers, civil brothers, sisters, and brothers and sisters. Each chapter shows similarities in Shakespeare's presentation of three broad aspects of the relationship: course (what happens between the siblings); quality (the emotion and realism of the relationship); and function (the dramatic purpose it serves in the play as a whole). Each chapter then discusses each relationship separately, showing its conformity and distinctiveness. The three sets of twins experience the same separation, mistaken identity, and reunion; display a similar closeness and paradoxical dis­ tance; and provide their plays with a quest structure and with humor based on mistaken identity. In most of the eleven sets of rival brothers, an evil brother abuses his sibling to gain the family inheritance. Although these rivalries usually lack realistic motivation, emotional confrontations, and convincing reconciliations, they provide the initial conflict and extensive parallelism. The twenty-four sets of civil brothers cooperate to defend family honor against a dynastic challenge; are politically supportive, personally affectionate, and constructively critical; and function in the background as the cement of society and as foils to rival characters. Although the sisters in all five sororal relationships disagree about a husband and/or father, they have more intimate conversations and more realistic relationships than the broth­ ers. All the sisters are foils to each other. Civil sisters function much as civil brothers do, whereas rival sisters have the more impor­ tant role of setting up parallel plots in their plays. The thirteen brother-sister-relationships, by far the most affectionate, follow three different courses and function either to provide the central figures of the plot or to illuminate the brother's character. Besides revealing these consistent patterns that Shakespeare uses in presenting sibling relationships, this study also suggests the strong correspondence between siblings in the plays and in Elizabethan--and in universal human—life.Includes bibliographical references

Lin28A induces energetic switching to glycolytic metabolism in human embryonic kidney cells

Background: Loss of a cell’s capacity to generate sufficient energy for cellular functions is a key hallmark of the ageing process and ultimately leads to a variety of important age-related pathologies such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease and atherosclerosis. Regenerative medicine has sought to reverse these pathologies by reprogramming somatic cells to a more juvenile energetic state using a variety of stem cell factors. One of these factors, Lin28, is considered a candidate for modification in the reprogramming of cellular energetics to ameliorate the ageing process while retaining cell phenotype. Results: Over-expression of Lin28A resulted in key changes to cellular metabolism not observed in wild-type controls. Extracellular pH flux analysis indicated that Lin28A over expression significantly increased the rate of glycolysis, whilst high resolution oxygen respirometry demonstrated a reduced oxygen consumption. Western blot and real-time PCR analysis identified Hexokinase II as one of the key modulators of glycolysis in these cells which was further confirmed by increased glucose transport. A metabolic switching effect was further emphasised by Western blot analysis where the oxygen consuming mitochondrial complex IV was significantly reduced after Lin28A over expression. Conclusions: Results from this study confirm that Lin28A expression promotes metabolic switching to a phenotype that relies predominantly on glycolysis as an energy source, while compromising oxidative phosphorylation. Mechanisms to augment regulated Lin28A in age related pathologies that are characterised by mitochondria dysfunction or in differentiated and aged post-mitotic cells is the future goal of this work

Shifting Patterns in Marks and Registration: France, the United States and United Kingdom, 1870-1970

This paper looks at trademarks and brands, beyond the conventional interests of marketing and law, as a way to explaining the evolution of international business and economies in general. It shows that the perspective defended by many scholars such as Chandler (1990), Wilkins (1991, 1994) and Koehn’ (2001), about the Anglo-Saxon countries, and in particular the United States, leading the transition to modern trade-marks is narrow in its focus. Instead of the United States standing out as historically on the leading edge of innovation in the law and practice of trade marking, it appears from several directions to have been on the trailing edge. France and Britain have a more enduring interest in trademarking. The paper also looks at one particular subset of trade mark registration data – non durable consumer goods. These, and in particular food, are the dominant sectors in the three countries in terms of trademarking, reflecting the character of the sectors where imagery associated with the products is so central in competition. The paper relies on original data from three countries, France, the United Kingdom and the United States, in particular trade mark registrations, and the analysis spans for a period of one hundred years period 1870-1970.trade marks, brands, international business history, intellectual property rights, trademark law