139 research outputs found
El ácido úrico se asocia con características de un síndrome de resistencia insulínica en los niños obesos en etapas perdurables
Elevated plasma uric acid levels are associated with obesity
and could be an expression of insulin-resistant state.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate plasma uric
acid in obese and normal-weight children exclusively at prepubertal
stage and its relationship with anthropometric
measurements, intake, and features of the insulin resistance
syndrome. A study was performed in 34 obese and 20 normal-
weight prepubertal children. Nutrient intake was
determined using a 72 h recall questionnaire and a consumption
food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric
parameters and fasting plasma lipids, glucose, insulin, leptin,
adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) and uric
acid were measured. Multiple regression analysis was used
to identify association of anthropometric parameters, nutrient
intake and insulin resistance syndrome variables (arterial
blood pressure, plasma glucose, insulin, homeostasis
model assessment of insulin resistance index- HOMA- triacylglycerols
and, HDL-cholesterol) with uric acid. Plasma
uric concentration was significantly higher in the obese
group than in the control group and when adjusted by sex,
age and BMI was positively associated with tricipital skinfold
and insulin resistance, and negatively with adiponectin.
In multiple regression analysis, BMI, HDL-cholesterol and
adiponectin were independent predictors of plasma uric
acid. In conclusion, elevated levels of uric acid in obese children,
compared with lean subjects, at the prepubertal
period, seems to be an early metabolic alteration that is associated
with other features of insulin resistance syndrome.Los niveles elevados de ácido úrico plasmáticos se asocian
a la obesidad y pueden ser la expresión de un estado de
resistencia insulínica. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido
evaluar la concentración plasmática de ácido úrico en niños
obesos y normales, exclusivamente en edad prepuberal, y
determinar su relación con las medidas antropométricas, la
ingesta dietética y los parámetros asociados al síndrome de
resistencia insulínica. El estudio se llevó a cabo en 34 niños
obesos y 20 controles en edad prepuberal a los cuales se les
estimó su ingesta dietética mediante el registro de un cuestionario
de ingesta de alimentos de 72 h y un cuestionario de
frecuencia de consumo de alimentos y se determinaron,
además de los parámetros antropométricos, la glucosa, la
insulina, la leptina, la adiponectina y el factor de necrosis
tumoral alfa (TNF-α) plasmáticos. Se realizó un análisis de
regresión múltiple para identificar la asociación entre los
niveles de ácido úrico y los parámetros antropométricos, la
ingesta de nutrientes y las variables clásicas relacionadas
con el síndrome de resistencia insulínica (hipertensión, glucosa,
insulina, índice de resistencia insulínica HOMA, triglicéridos
y HDL-colesterol plasmáticos), así como con leptina,
adiponectina y TNF-α. La concentración plasmática
de ácido úrico fue significativamente más elevada en los
niños obesos que en los controles y, cuando se ajustó por
sexo, edad e índice de masa corporal, los niveles de ácido
úrico se asociaron con el pliegue tricipital y la resistencia
inulínica, y negativamente con la adiponectina. En el análisis
de regresión múltiple, el índice de masa corporal, el
HDL-colesterol y la adiponectina fueron predictores independientes
del ácido úrico plasmático. En conclusión, los
niveles elevados de ácido úrico en niños obesos en edad prepuberal,
comparado con los de los niños normales, representan
una alteración metabólica temprana asociada con la
resistencia insulínica.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of
Health and Consumer Affairs, the Spanish National Program
for Scientific Research, Development, and Technological
Innovation (I+D+I), and the Instituto de Salud
Carlos III (Spanish National Health Research Institute),
FEDER co-financed Project No. PI 051968. Mercedes
Gil-Campos was a research scientist appointed on a
training contract funded by the Carlos III Health
Research Institute
Commentary: Consumer Reports of "Keto Flu" Associated With the Ketogenic Diet
CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, M.P. (CIBER) Instituto de Salud Carlos II
Immune-Mediated Mechanisms of Action of Probiotics and Synbiotics in Treating Pediatric Intestinal Diseases
The pediatric population is continually at risk of developing infectious and inflammatory diseases. The treatment for infections, particularly gastrointestinal conditions, focuses on oral or intravenous rehydration, nutritional support and, in certain case, antibiotics. Over the past decade, the probiotics and synbiotics administration for the prevention and treatment of different acute and chronic infectious diseases has dramatically increased. Probiotic microorganisms are primarily used as treatments because they can stimulate changes in the intestinal microbial ecosystem and improve the immunological status of the host. The beneficial impact of probiotics is mediated by different mechanisms. These mechanisms include the probiotics’ capacity to increase the intestinal barrier function, to prevent bacterial transferation and to modulate inflammation through immune receptor cascade signaling, as well as their ability to regulate the expression of selected host intestinal genes. Nevertheless, with respect to pediatric intestinal diseases, information pertaining to these key mechanisms of action is scarce, particularly for immune-mediated mechanisms of action. In the present work, we review the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of action of probiotics and synbiotics that affect the immune system.Julio Plaza-Diaz, Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ojeda and Angel Gil are part of University of Granada, Plan Propio de Investigación 2016, Excellence actions: Units of Excellence; Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES)
Neurodegeneation treatment in lysosomal diseases. An update
Las enfermedades lisosomales son un conjunto de enfermedades raras donde el déficit genético de determinadas enzimas da lugar a la acumulación de sustratos a nivel multiorgánico. El tratamiento de estos errores innatos del metabolismo sigue en continua investigación puesto que cuando existen, presentan limitaciones tratando de aumentar la síntesis de la enzima o disminuir el depósito de sustrato, sin llegar a la solución definitiva y, por tanto, a la curación. La neurodegeneración progresiva y limitante que la mayor parte de ellas producen desde edades pediátricas, supone uno de los mayores desafíos. El trasplante de células hematopoyéticas y la terapia de reemplazo enzimático son tratamientos aceptados para algunas de estas enfermedades; sin embargo, sus resultados sobre el control y la progresión de la sintomatología neurológicas en muchas ocasiones siguen siendo desalentadores. Sin duda, atravesar la barrera hematoencefálica es uno de los obstáculos que numerosos ensayos clínicos, que se están desarrollando en la actualidad, pretenden solventar. La terapia génica y aquella sobre las vías neurofisiológicas desencadenadas por la falta de degradación parcial o total de moléculas constituyen una nueva vía de estudio cuyo objetivo principal también se basa en evitar la progresión en el deterioro de la función cognitiva. Por tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revisión para conocer las terapias aprobadas y las líneas de investigación en curso en relación a la neurodegeneración de las enfermedades lisosomales. Es fundamental seguir avanzando en este campo con mayor desarrollo de estos enfoques y la búsqueda de nuevas perspectivas en las terapias que pueden suponer un gran impacto en la calidad de vida de estos pacientes.Lysosomal diseases are a set of rare diseases where the genetic deficiency of certain enzymes gives rise to the accumulation of substrates at the multi-organ level. The treatment of these inborn errors of metabolism is still under continuous investigation since when they exist, they present limitations trying to increase the synthesis of the enzyme or decrease the deposit of substrate, without reaching the definitive solution, and therefore a cure. The progressive and limiting neurodegeneration that most of them produce from pediatric ages, is one of the greatest challenges. Hematopoietic cell transplantation and enzyme replacement therapy are accepted treatments for some of these diseases; however,its results on the control and progression of neurological symptoms often remain disappointing. Undoubtedly, crossing the blood-brain barrier is one of the obstacles that many clinical trials currently underway aim to overcome. Gene therapy and neurophysiological pathways triggered by the lack of partial or total degradation of molecules also constitute a new avenue of study whose main objective is also based on preventing progression in the deterioration of cognitive function. Therefore, the objective of this work is to carry out a review to know the approved therapies and the lines of research in progress in relation to the neurodegeneration of lysosomal diseases and It is essential to continue advancing in this field with further development of these approaches and the search new perspectives on therapies that can have a great impact on the quality of life of these patients
Longitudinal associations between cardiovascular biomarkers and metabolic syndrome during puberty: the PUBMEP study
Puberty has been described as a life stage of considerable metabolic risk specially for those with obesity. The low-grade systemic
inflammatory status associated with obesity could be one of the connections with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Thus, we
aimed to assess the relationship between inflammatory and cardiovascular biomarkers and the development of MetS during
puberty. Seventy-five children from the PUBMEP study (33 females), aged 4–18 years, were included. Cardiovascular and
inflammatory biomarkers were measured in the prepubertal and pubertal stage, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
(CRP), leptin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interleukin 8 (IL8), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), total
plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (tPAI), resistin, adiponectin, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and soluble intercellular adhesion
molecule-1 (sICAM-1). MetS was diagnosed at each measurement point. Mixed-effects and logistic regressions were performed.
Those children with MetS in puberty presented higher prepubertal values of several cardiometabolic biomarkers in
comparison to those without MetS (z-score body mass index (zBMI), waist circumference, insulin, HOMA-IR, leptin, and
tPAI (p < 0.05)). For prepubertal children with obesity, the odds of developing MetS in puberty were significantly higher in
those having high zBMI (OR = 4.27; CI: 1.39–22.59) or high concentrations of tPAI (OR = 1.19; CI: 1.06–1.43).
Conclusion: Those with obesity with higher prepubertal tPAI plasma levels had 19% higher odds of having MetS at puberty
highlighting the existence of association between MetS, obesity, and inflammation already in puberty. Thus, assessing cardiometabolic
and inflammatory status in children with obesity already at prepuberty is key to avoiding future comorbidities.CRUE-CSIC agreementSpringer NaturePlan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e Innovacion Tecnologica (I + D + I), Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Health Research PI11/01425
PI11/02042
PI11/02059
PI16/01301
PI16/01205
PI16/00871
PI20/00563CIBEROBN Network CB15/00131
CB15/00043Redes tematicas de investigacion cooperativa RETIC Red SAMID RD12/0026/001
Effects of Dairy Product Consumption on Height and BoneMineral Content in Children: A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials
There is a physiological basis for the roles of selected nutrients, especially proteins, calcium, and vitamin D, in growth and development, which are
at a maximum during the pediatric period. Milk and dairy products are particularly rich in this group of nutrients. The present systematic review
summarizes the available evidence relating dairy product intake with linear growth and bone mineral content in childhood and adolescence. A
search was conducted in the MEDLINE (via PubMed) and SCOPUS databases following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-
Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and included intervention-controlled clinical trials with dairy products in children from 1 January, 1926 to 30 June,
2018. The risk of bias for each study was assessed using the Cochrane methodology. The number of study participants, the type of study and
doses, the major outcomes, and the key results of the 13 articles included in the review are reported. The present systematic review shows that
supplementing the usual diet with dairy products significantly increases bone mineral content during childhood. However, the results regarding a
possible relation between dairy product consumption and linear growth are inconclusive.This study was partially funded by the University of Granada
Plan Propio de Investigación 2016, Excellence actions: Unit of Excellence on Exercise and
Health (UCEES), Plan Propio de Investigación 2018, Programa Contratos-Puente, the Junta de
Andalucía, Consejería de Conocimiento, Investigación y Universidades, and European Regional
Development Funds (ref. SOMM17/6107/UGR)
Evaluation of Physical Activity and Lifestyle Interventions Focused on School Children with Obesity Using Accelerometry: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Despite the existence of global recommendations for physical activity and lifestyle to avoid childhood obesity, there are no specific recommendations for school-age children. The aim of this meta-analysis was to measure the effects of current interventions with a physical activity component on body mass index (BMI) Z-score and on the moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time, measured by accelerometry, and focused on children with obesity. Randomized controlled trial studies (RCTs) based on physical activity interventions focused on children with obesity (6 to 12 years old) from January 1991 to August 2018 were included. The post-intervention mean and standard deviation of the BMI Z-score and MVPA engaged time were extracted to calculate the results using random effects models. Of a total of 229 studies considered potentially eligible, only 10 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. There were improvements in the BMI Z-score for physical activity intervention groups, compared with non-intervention children in addition to a significant increase in time engaged in MVPA. In conclusion, interventions with a physical activity component in school-children with obesity seem to be effective at reducing BMI and producing an increase in time spent engaged in physical activity. Therefore, interventions based on physical activity should be considered one of the main strategies in treating childhood obesity
Leptin Receptor Gene Variant rs11804091 Is Associated with BMI and Insulin Resistance in Spanish Female Obese Children: A Case-Control Study
Leptin is an endocrine hormone that has a critical role in body weight homoeostasis and mediates its effects via the leptin receptor (LEPR). Common polymorphisms in the genes coding leptin receptors have been associated with metabolic abnormalities. We assessed the association of 28 LEPR polymorphisms with body mass index (BMI) and their relationship with obesity-related phenotypes, inflammation and cardiovascular disease risk biomarkers. A multicentre case-control study was conducted in 522 children (286 with obesity and 236 with normal-BMI). All anthropometric, metabolic factors and biomarkers were higher in children with obesity except apolipoprotein (Apo)-AI, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and adiponectin, which were lower in the obesity group; and glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 that did not differ between groups. We identified the associations between rs11208659, rs11804091, rs10157275, rs9436303 and rs1627238, and BMI in the whole population, as well as the association of rs11804091, rs10157275, and rs1327118 with BMI in the female group, although only the rs11804091 remained associated after Bonferroni correction (p = 0.038). This single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) was also associated with insulin (p = 0.004), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.006), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (p = 0.005) and adiponectin (p = 0.046) after adjusting for age, Tanner stage and BMI. Our results show a sex-specific association between the rs11804091 and obesity suggesting an influence of this SNP on insulin resistance.This work was supported by Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica (I+D+I), Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (PI020826, PI051968, PI1102042, and PI1600871), RETIC (Red SAMID RD12/0026/0015) and Fondo Europeo De Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)
Influencia de la fuerza muscular isométrica de las extremidades superiores en el estrés oxidativo en niños. (Influence of handgrip strength in oxidative stress in children).
<b>Resumen</b><p align="justify">El ejercicio físico puede producir estrés oxidativo en el individuo lo que pueden condicionar el riesgo cardiovascular en niños y adolescentes. Este estudio pretende analizar el estrés oxidativo según la fuerza muscular isométrica de las extremidades superiores en la edad pediátrica. Se estudiaron 70 niños sanos con edades entre 10 y 14 años, y se analizaron en saliva los lipoperóxidos (LPO), el glutatión reducido (GSH), la ratio GSH/LPO y la catalasa, como marcadores de estrés oxidativo. La muestra se dividió en dos grupos según una condición física superior o inferior medida a través de dinamometría manual (TKK 5110); se diferenció la serie en sujetos prepuberales y puberales. Se encontraron niveles significativamente inferiores de GSH y GSH/LPO en el grupo de niños con fuerza superior, y en los puberales con la mismas características; estos resultados podrían indicar la existencia de un mayor estrés oxidativo en esta situación. En conclusión, los mayores niveles de fuerza músculo esquelética, medida a través de dinamometría manual, posiblemente pueden estar asociados a un mayor estrés oxidativo en niños púberes con condición física musculoesquelética superior.</p><b>Abstract</b><p align="justify">Physical exercise can produce oxidative stress, this situation could contribute cardiovascular risk in children and adolescents. The following study tries to evaluate the oxidative stress produced according to the handgrip strength in infancy. 70 healthy male subjects, ages 10 to 14 years, were studied. In the saliva samples, lipoperoxides (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione/lipoperoxides ratio and catalase were analyzed as biomarkers of oxidative stress. Children were divided into two groups according to their handgrip strength (high or low) measured by handgrip strength (TKK 5110). The groups were also divided into prepubertal and pubertal subjects. We found GSH’s significantly low levels and of GSH/LPO in pubertal group with high handgrip strength. We could possibly conclude that the higher levels of handgrip strength could be associated with more oxidative stress in pubertal group with high fitness.</p>doi:10.5232/ricyde2011.0220
Influence of handgrip strength in oxidative stress in children
El ejercicio físico puede producir estrés oxidativo en el individuo lo que pueden condicionar el riesgo cardiovascular
en niños y adolescentes. Este estudio pretende analizar el estrés oxidativo según la fuerza muscular isométrica
de las extremidades superiores en la edad pediátrica. Se estudiaron 70 niños sanos con edades entre 10
y 14 años, y se analizaron en saliva los lipoperóxidos (LPO), el glutatión reducido (GSH), la ratio GSH/LPO y la
catalasa, como marcadores de estrés oxidativo. La muestra se dividió en dos grupos según una condición física
superior o inferior medida a través de dinamometría manual (TKK 5110); se diferenció la serie en sujetos prepuberales
y puberales. Se encontraron niveles significativamente inferiores de GSH y GSH/LPO en el grupo de
niños con fuerza superior, y en los puberales con la mismas características; estos resultados podrían indicar la
existencia de un mayor estrés oxidativo en esta situación. En conclusión, los mayores niveles de fuerza músculo
esquelética, medida a través de dinamometría manual, posiblemente pueden estar asociados a un mayor
estrés oxidativo en niños púberes con condición física musculoesquelética superior.Physical exercise can produce oxidative stress, this situation could contribute cardiovascular risk in
children and adolescents. The following study tries to evaluate the oxidative stress produced according
to the handgrip strength in infancy. 70 healthy male subjects, ages 10 to 14 years, were studied. In
the saliva samples, lipoperoxides (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione/lipoperoxides ratio
and catalase were analyzed as biomarkers of oxidative stress. Children were divided into two groups
according to their handgrip strength (high or low) measured by handgrip strength (TKK 5110). The
groups were also divided into prepubertal and pubertal subjects. We found GSH’s significantly low
levels and of GSH/LPO in pubertal group with high handgrip strength. We could possibly conclude that
the higher levels of handgrip strength could be associated with more oxidative stress in pubertal group
with high fitness
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