A new technique of producing sliver of Estabragh fibres

In order to produce a 100% Estabragh sliver, an experimental apparatus has been designed and assembled. The sliver of Estabragh fibres has been produced and the arrangement of fibres in the sliver is studied. The results show that the fibres are arranged approximately parallel in the sliver. The angle of 70% of fibres to the sliver axis is found to be less than 10°. The mean angle of Estabragh fibres is about 10.69° while that of viscose fibres on a traditional sliver is about 18.84 °.

Yarn properties developments with diagonally slotted roller on ring spinning machine

To develop new ring spinning process, the diagonally slotted rollers (DSR) of various angles (15°, 30° and 45°) have been designed, manufactured and then fitted below and parallel to the top front draft rollers of a ring spinning frame. The yarn samples of 20 tex are produced in conventional ring spinning, Solo spinning and newly developed DSR spinning methodologies. In ring spinning process, the escaped fibre ends from the strand surface in the spinning triangle do not entangle with other fibres when the yarn is twisted and therefore they make the yarn hairs. In DSR rollers, the slot walls provide a condition to prevent escaping of fibre ends from the strand and keep the fibre ends on the strand surface in the twisting process. The experimental results show that the yarns produced with DSR roller of 30° slot angle (DSR30) have less S3 value of hairiness and a cleaner appearance than conventional ring-spun yarns. The hairiness of the yarns of DSR30 and Solo spinning processes do not have a statistically significant difference. Also, the improvement in ring-spun yarn tenacity and elongation is much larger for newly developed DSR spinning process in comparison with Solo spinning process. Consequently, it is concluded that the DSR spinning methodology improves the hairiness and mechanical properties of ring-spun yarns even more successfully in comparison with the Solo spinning method

Pin-point effect determination using a rigorous approach

A new method for evaluating the pin-point effect of pile yarn of carpets before weaving has been introduced. The method has been initially accomplished by presenting a standard method for bundle preparation and consequently the pin-point index is presented by image analysis technique. To this end, yarns with different twists are heat set at various times and temperatures. Comparison of the results shows that increasing the twist, time and temperature positively contribute to the pin-point index. In the last section, an adaptive neuro fuzzy model (ANFIS) and an artificial neural network model (ANN) have been designed to predict the pin-point index of the heat set yarns based on training with the experimental data.  The input parameters are twist, time and temperature, and the output is the pin-point index. The results illustrate that the learning capability of the ANFIS model is superior and its generalization ability is slightly better than that of a standalone ANN model

Effects of Fatigue on the Integrity of a Friction Stir Welded Lap Joint Containing Residual Stresses

This research uses a non-destructive method of neutron diffraction to measure the tri-axial residual stresses in a friction stir welded aerospace fuselage component: a stringer-to-skin lap joint. Two different specimens were examined. Fatigue testing was performed on both specimens to determine their fatigue lives. Effects of the different components of residual stresses were examines and related to fatigue performance. A combination of fractography, hardness testing, and residual stress measurement was used to predict areas of high probability of structural failure in the friction stir welded lap joints

A new technique of producing sliver of Estabragh fibres

72-76In order to produce a 100% Estabragh sliver, an experimental apparatus has been designed and assembled. The sliver of Estabragh fibres has been produced and the arrangement of fibres in the sliver is studied. The results show that the fibres are arranged approximately parallel in the sliver. The angle of 70% of fibres to the sliver axis is found to be less than 10°. The mean angle of Estabragh fibres is about 10.69° while that of viscose fibres on a traditional sliver is about 18.84°

Inhibition of Cracks on the Surface of Cement Mortar Using Estabragh Fibers

The influence of adding Estabragh fibers into the cement composites of mortar on surface cracks and mechanical properties of mortar has been studied at various fiber proportions of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75%. The mortar shrinkage was evaluated by counting the number of cracks and measuring the width of cracks on the surface of mortar specimens. Although the Estabragh fibers loss their strength in an alkali environment of cement composites, the ability of Estabragh fibers to bridge on the microcracks in the mortar matrix causes a decrease in the number of cracks and in their width on the surface of the mortar samples in comparison with the plain mortar. However, considering the mechanical properties of specimens such as bending strength and compressive strength, among all fiber proportions, only the specimens with 0.25% of Estabragh fiber performed better in all respects compared to the physical and mechanical properties of reinforced cement composite of mortar. Consequently, by adding 0.25% of Estabragh fibers to the cement mortar, a remarkable inhibition in crack generation on fiber-containing cement composite of mortar is achieved

A new technique to tint the black dyed fibres in worsted spinning

250-256A new method has been developed for tinting of black dyed fibres of wool and polyester in worsted spinning system. The results of tinting process are evaluated by both visual and instrumentally<span style="mso-fareast-language:JA; mso-bidi-language:FA" lang="EN-GB">. The results show that the best option for tinting of black dyed fibres is the use of pigments in mixture with titanium dioxide, spinning oil and water. The tint solution is prepared by perfectly dissolving the components at the optimum values of 2.7% pigment, 2.4% titanium dioxide powder and 3.4% spinning oil in water at room temperature. It is observed that the proposed mixture can perfectly tint the black dyed fibres of wool and polyester without any permanent effect and stain on them<span style="mso-fareast-language: JA;mso-bidi-language:FA" lang="EN-GB">. T<span style="mso-bidi-language: FA" lang="EN-GB">he black dyed fibres could also be tinted in white colour with a solution of titanium dioxide without pigments. <span style="mso-fareast-language: JA;mso-bidi-language:FA" lang="EN-GB">The tinted fibres could be washed with water and detergents in finishing process easily and without any further stage. </span

Geometrical parameters of yarn cross-section in plain woven fabric

126-131<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:FA">To study the effect of yarn twist on the geometrical parameters of yarn in a plain woven fabric such as its cross-sectional shape, the samples with various twist levels of warp and weft yarns have been woven and the yarn cross-section parameters are measured using their images obtained by Projectina microscope. The image processing analyses show that the shape of yarn cross-section in the fabric is affected by the twist level. The statistical analysis shows that the increase in yarn twist factor (atex) from 0 to 4600 changes the yarn cross-section shape into a lens shape and then elliptical shape and finally circular-like shape. The major diameter of the elliptical shape of the yarn cross-section decreases as the yarn twist increases, while the minor diameter of the elliptical shape of yarn cross- section increases as the yarn twist increases. The results also show that the twist of one group of yarns (warp) affects the cross-sectional shape of other group of yarns (weft). The ellipticity ratio of the yarns (minor diameter divided by major diameter) increases from 0.35 to 0.86 as the yarn twist factor increases from 0 to 4600. </span