11 research outputs found
Phlegmasia cerulea dolens and external iliac vein disruption after revision total hip arthroplasty
We present a unique case of phlegmasia cerulea dolens and compartment syndrome secondary to external iliac vein disruption after revision total hip arthroplasty. To our knowledge, this complication has not yet been described following revision total hip arthroplasty. We conclude that although vascular complications are fortunately rare after hip arthroplasty, they can have significant morbidity and mortality. Surgeons should have a thorough understanding of pelvic and hip anatomy for screw and retractor placement and know how to appropriately and expeditiously manage vascular complications should they occur. Keywords: Phlegmasia, Revision, Iliac vein, Total hip arthroplasty, Compartment syndrom
Decoding natural astrocyte rhythms: dynamic actin waves result from environmental sensing by primary rodent astrocytes
Astrocytes are key regulators of brain homeostasis, equilibrating ion, water, and neurotransmitter concentrations and maintaining essential conditions for proper cognitive function. Recently, it has been shown that the excitability of the actin cytoskeleton manifests in second-scale dynamic fluctuations and acts as a sensor of chemophysical environmental cues. However, it is not known whether the cytoskeleton is excitable in astrocytes and how the homeostatic function of astrocytes is linked to the dynamics of the cytoskeleton. Here it is shown that homeostatic regulation involves the excitable dynamics of actin in certain subcellular regions of astrocytes, especially near the cell boundary. The results further indicate that actin dynamics concentrate into "hotspot" regions that selectively respond to certain chemophysical stimuli, specifically the homeostatic challenges of ion or water concentration increases. Substrate topography makes the actin dynamics of astrocytes weaker. Super-resolution images demonstrate that surface topography is also associated with the predominant perpendicular alignment of actin filaments near the cell boundary, whereas flat substrates result in an actin cortex mainly parallel to the cell boundary. Additionally, coculture with neurons increases both the probability of actin dynamics and the strength of hotspots. The excitable systems character of actin thus makes astrocytes direct participants in neural cell network dynamics
Discovery of 2‑[3,5-Dichloro-4-(5-isopropyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridazin-3-yloxy)phenyl]-3,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro[1,2,4]triazine-6-carbonitrile (MGL-3196), a Highly Selective Thyroid Hormone Receptor β Agonist in Clinical Trials for the Treatment of Dyslipidemia
The
beneficial effects of thyroid hormone (TH) on lipid levels
are primarily due to its action at the thyroid hormone receptor β
(THR-β) in the liver, while adverse effects, including cardiac
effects, are mediated by thyroid hormone receptor α (THR-α).
A pyridazinone series has been identified that is significantly more
THR-β selective than earlier analogues. Optimization of this
series by the addition of a cyanoazauracil substituent improved both
the potency and selectivity and led to MGL-3196 (<b>53</b>),
which is 28-fold selective for THR-β over THR-α in a functional
assay. Compound <b>53</b> showed outstanding safety in a rat
heart model and was efficacious in a preclinical model at doses that
showed no impact on the central thyroid axis. In reported studies
in healthy volunteers, <b>53</b> exhibited an excellent safety
profile and decreased LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG)
at once daily oral doses of 50 mg or higher given for 2 weeks
Identification of RO4597014, a Glucokinase Activator Studied in the Clinic for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
To
resolve the metabolite redox cycling associated with our earlier
clinical compound <b>2</b>, we carried out lead optimization
of lead molecule <b>1</b>. Compound <b>4</b> showed improved
lipophilic ligand efficiency and demonstrated robust glucose lowering
in diet-induced obese mice without a liability in predictive preclinical
drug safety studies. Thus, it was selected as a clinical candidate
and further studied in type 2 diabetic patients. Clinical data suggests
no evidence of metabolite cycling, which is consistent with the preclinical
profiling of metabolism