36 research outputs found

    Review of small-angle coronagraphic techniques in the wake of ground-based second-generation adaptive optics systems

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    Small-angle coronagraphy is technically and scientifically appealing because it enables the use of smaller telescopes, allows covering wider wavelength ranges, and potentially increases the yield and completeness of circumstellar environment - exoplanets and disks - detection and characterization campaigns. However, opening up this new parameter space is challenging. Here we will review the four posts of high contrast imaging and their intricate interactions at very small angles (within the first 4 resolution elements from the star). The four posts are: choice of coronagraph, optimized wavefront control, observing strategy, and post-processing methods. After detailing each of the four foundations, we will present the lessons learned from the 10+ years of operations of zeroth and first-generation adaptive optics systems. We will then tentatively show how informative the current integration of second-generation adaptive optics system is, and which lessons can already be drawn from this fresh experience. Then, we will review the current state of the art, by presenting world record contrasts obtained in the framework of technological demonstrations for space-based exoplanet imaging and characterization mission concepts. Finally, we will conclude by emphasizing the importance of the cross-breeding between techniques developed for both ground-based and space-based projects, which is relevant for future high contrast imaging instruments and facilities in space or on the ground.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figure

    Valeur de l'IRM pour le dépistage et la quantification de la stéatose et de la fibrose hépatique dans les hépatopathies chroniques

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    LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

    État actuel des connaissances sur l’ichtyofaune marine et dulçaquicole de la Nouvelle-CalĂ©donie, SO ocĂ©an Pacifique : diversitĂ©, exploitation, menaces et mesures de gestion.

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    International audienceLocated in the Southwest Pacific Ocean, the New Caledonian archipelago hosts a diversified and original ichthyofauna. Marine ecosystems host 2,339 species of fish, including ~1,450 for coral reefs alone and a total of 94 endemics, especially in deep environments. the proximity of the centre of biodiversity (the "coral triangle"), as well as a great variety of coastal habitats and their relatively good "state of health" are probably major reasons for this high species richness. Freshwaters (excluding estuaries and brackish water) have 94 species, including 12 introduced and 8 endemics. Most of these species are diadromous, essentially amphidromous, and illustrate biological traits adapted to local rivers. new Caledonian ichthyofauna is subject to various disturbances of varying intensity and/or frequency. some disturbances are natural and affect habitats rather than the fish species, such as cyclones, which can affect both coastal ecosystems (coral reefs, seagrass beds, mangroves) and freshwater ecosystems. anthropogenic pressures on ichthyofauna are of several natures. Fishing is widely practiced, both in rivers and in coastal environments and in the EEZ, but does not currently seem to pose a serious threat to targeted populations. New Caledonian aquaculture is largely focused on shrimp farming, but fish farming (currently marginal) could develop in the near future. Mining activities related to the extraction of nickel ore (and cobalt to a lesser extent) are however a much more serious problem. the potential impacts of these mining activities differ from those of cyclones, in particular by their regular (if not permanent) and non-punctual nature on the one hand, and by the fact that they considerably increase the risk of contamination of freshwater and coastal environments by metallic trace elements on the other hand. these metallic elements as well as various organic contaminants (pesticides and PCBs) are indeed found in coral reef fish. Other more specific threats concern freshwater fish, such as hydraulic developments or the proliferation of certain introduced and invasive species. For all new Caledonian aquatic ecosystems, the major issue of climate change cannot be ignored, but its impacts still remain poorly documented. About 15,000 kmÂČ of coral reef and lagoon areas have been listed as UNESCO World heritage since 2008 and are therefore protected and regulated, with regard to the activities authorized within these areas. in addition, there are more informal protections in other coastal areas where the Melanesian tribes have a customary management. Finally, various regulations exist at local authority level (environmental codes) to protect certain sensitive species.SituĂ© dans le sud-ouest de l’ocĂ©an Pacifique, l’archipel nĂ©o-calĂ©donien hĂ©berge une ichtyofaune diversifiĂ©e et originale. Les milieux marins rassemblent 2339 espĂšces de poissons, dont ~1450 pour les seuls rĂ©cifs coralliens et un total de 94 endĂ©miques, surtout en milieux profonds. La proximitĂ© du centre de biodiversitĂ© (le “triangle de corail”), ainsi que la trĂšs grande variĂ©tĂ© des habitats cĂŽtiers et leur relatif bon â€œĂ©tat de santĂ©â€ sont probablement des raisons majeures pour expliquer cette richesse spĂ©cifique Ă©levĂ©e. Les eaux douces (hors estuaires et eaux saumĂątres) comptent 94 espĂšces, dont 12 introduites et 8 endĂ©miques. La plupart de ces espĂšces sont diadromes et surtout amphidromes et illustrent un mode de vie adaptĂ© aux riviĂšres locales. L’ichtyofaune nĂ©o-calĂ©donienne est soumise Ă  diffĂ©rentes perturbations d’intensitĂ© et/ou de frĂ©quence variables. Certaines perturbations sont naturelles et vont affecter les habitats plus que les espĂšces de poissons elles-mĂȘmes, comme par exemple les cyclones qui peuvent affecter Ă  la fois les Ă©cosystĂšmes cĂŽtiers (rĂ©cifs coralliens, herbiers de phanĂ©rogames, mangroves) et d’eaux douces. Les pressions anthropiques sur l’ichtyofaune sont de plusieurs natures. La pĂȘche est largement pratiquĂ©e, tant en riviĂšre qu’en milieux cĂŽtiers et dans la ZEE, mais ne semble pas actuellement constituer une grave menace pour les populations ciblĂ©es. L’aquaculture nĂ©o-calĂ©donienne est trĂšs largement focalisĂ©e sur la crevetticulture, mais la pisciculture (actuellement marginale) pourrait se dĂ©velopper dans les annĂ©es Ă  venir. Les activitĂ©s miniĂšres en lien avec l’extraction du nickel (et accessoirement du cobalt) sont une problĂ©matique nettement plus sĂ©rieuse. Les impacts potentiels de ces activitĂ©s miniĂšres diffĂšrent de ceux des cyclones notamment par leur cĂŽtĂ© rĂ©gulier (sinon permanent) et non ponctuel d’une part, et par le fait qu’ils accroissent considĂ©rablement le risque de contamination des milieux dulçaquicoles et cĂŽtiers par des Ă©lĂ©ments traces mĂ©talliques d’autre part. Ces Ă©lĂ©ments mĂ©talliques ainsi que divers contaminants organiques (pesticides et PCBs) sont en effet retrouvĂ©s dans les poissons coralliens. D’autres menaces plus spĂ©cifiques concernent les poissons d’eau douce, comme les amĂ©nagements hydrauliques ou encore la prolifĂ©ration de certaines espĂšces introduites et invasives. Pour tous les Ă©cosystĂšmes aquatiques nĂ©o-calĂ©doniens, l’enjeu majeur du changement climatique ne peut ĂȘtre ignorĂ©, mais ses impacts restent encore peu documentĂ©s. Environ 15 000 kmÂČ de zones rĂ©cifo-lagonaires sont inscrites au Patrimoine Mondial de l’UNESCO depuis 2008 et sont, de ce fait, protĂ©gĂ©es et rĂšglementĂ©es. À ceci s’ajoute des protections plus informelles dans d’autres secteurs cĂŽtiers oĂč les tribus mĂ©lanĂ©siennes assurent une gestion coutumiĂšre. Enfin, diverses rĂšglementations existent au niveau des collectivitĂ©s locales (codes de l’environnement) pour protĂ©ger certaines espĂšces sensibles

    Giuris (teleostei : eleotridae) d’indonĂ©sie, avec description d’une espĂšce nouvelle.

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    International audienceIndonesian Giuris species are reviewed and compared to the known species described from the area. Three species are recognized including one new species, which is described in this paper using genetic and morphomeristic approaches. The three species differ by a high percentage of divergence in partial COI gene (652 bp) and by several characters including the number of pectoral fin rays, the scales in transverse forward series, the scales around the eye and the interorbital length.Des spĂ©cimens de Giuris provenant d’indonĂ©sie ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©s et comparĂ©s aux espĂšces dĂ©crites de la rĂ©gion. Trois espĂšces ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©pertoriĂ©es dont une nouvelle, qui est dĂ©crite dans cet article en utilisant des approches gĂ©nĂ©tique et morphomĂ©ristique. Les trois espĂšces diffĂšrent par un fort pourcentage de divergence au niveau du gĂšne COI partiel (652 pb) et par plusieurs caractĂšres incluant, principalement, le nombre de rayons aux nageoires pectorales, le nombre d’écailles en sĂ©rie transverse antĂ©rieure, l’espace interorbitaire et le nombre d’écailles autour de l’Ɠil

    Premier signalement d’Hippichthys albomaculosus Jen- kins & Mailautoka, 2010 (syngnathidae) en Nouvelle-CalĂ©donie.

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    International audienceThree specimens of Hippichthys albomaculosus Jenkins and Mailautoka, 2010, only known from Fiji, were recently collected from the North Province of New Caledonia. Morphomeristic values confirm the identity of specimens. This study constitutes the first record of this species in New Caledonia and outside of its type locality.Trois spécimens d'Hippichthys albomaculosus Jenkins & Mailautoka, 2010, connu uniquement des Fidji, ont été récemment collectés dans la province Nord de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. Les valeurs morpho-méristiques confirment l'identité des spécimens. Cette étude constitue le premier signalement de cette espÚce en Nouvelle-Calédonie et hors de sa localité type

    Giuris (Teleostei : Eleotridae) from Indonesia, with description of a new species

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    Indonesian Giuris species are reviewed and compared to the known species described from the area. Three species are recognized including one new species, which is described in this paper using genetic and morphomeristic approaches. The three species differ by a high percentage of divergence in partial COI gene (652 bp) and by several characters including the number of pectoral fin rays, the scales in transverse forward series, the scales around the eye and the interorbital length
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