4-[4-(3-Methoxy­benzamido)phen­oxy]-N-methyl­picolinamide

In the title compound, C21H19N3O4, the central benzene ring makes dihedral angles of 78.54 (6) and 75.30 (6)° with the pyridine and 3-methoxy­phenyl rings, respectively. An intra­molecular N—H⋯N interaction occurs, generating an S(?). The crystal packing shows inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions between the N—H groups and the O atoms of the 3-methoxy­phenyl ring and the carbonyl groups of the amide functions. Inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions are also present

Academic achievement of twins and singletons in early adulthood: Taiwanese cohort study

Objectives To examine the long term effects of low birth weight on academic achievements in twins and singletons and to determine whether the academic achievement of twins in early adulthood is inferior to that of singletons

Risk Analysis of Cargos Damages for Aquatic Products of Refrigerated Containers: Shipping Operators’ Perspective in Taiwan

As the development of refrigerated container, transportation of aquatic products is growing rapidly in recent years. It is very important to avoid cargos damages for aquatic products of refrigerated containers, while the shipping operators are running this scope of business. Hence, the risk issue of adopting various improvement strategies would be important for the container shipping operators. In the light of this, the main purpose of this paper is to analyze the risks of cargos damages for aquatic products of refrigerated containers based on the container shipping operators’ perspective in Taiwan. We use four risk assessment procedures - risk identification, risk analysis and evaluation, risk strategies, and risk treatment - as the research method in this paper. The risk factors are generated from literature review and experts interviewing. Then, three dimensions with nineteen risk factors are preliminary identified. We used these risk factors to proceed with the empirical study via questionnaires. Three points of empirical results are presented. At first, the top factor of perceived risk as well as of risk severity is ‘container data setting errors.’ Secondly, the top factor of risk frequency is ‘lack of the goods’ pre-cooling themselves.’ Thirdly, three risk factors are classified into the low-risk area, whereas sixteen risk factors are placed on the medium-risk area. There is no risk factor fix on the high-risk area. Furthermore, three risk strategies - risk prevention, risk reduction, and risk transfer - are suggested to adopt by different risk factors

Antitumor Cyclic Hexapeptides from Rubia Plants: History, Chemistry, and Mechanism (2005–2011)

Rubiaceae-type cyclopeptides (RAs), cyclic hexapeptides from Rubia plants, have shown potential antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Based on the review about plant cyclopeptides (Chem. Rev., 2006, 106: 840), this mini-review will highlight new progress on the discovery, synthesis, and mechanism of RAs isolated during 2005 to 2011, covering recent work in our group

MicroRNA-1 acts as a tumor suppressor microRNA by inhibiting angiogenesis-related growth factors in human gastric cancer

Background We recently reported that miR-1 was one of the most significantly downregulated microRNAs in gastric cancer (GC) patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas microRNA sequencing data. Here we aim to elucidate the role of miR-1 in gastric carcinogenesis. Methods We measured miR-1 expression in human GC cell lines and 90 paired primary GC samples, and analyzed the association of its status with clinicopathological features. The effect of miR-1 on GC cells was evaluated by proliferation and migration assay. To identify the target genes of miR-1, bioinformatic analysis and protein array analysis were performed. Moreover, the regulation mechanism of miR-1 with regard to these predicted targets was investigated by quantitative PCR (qPCR), Western blot, ELISA, and endothelial cell tube formation. The putative binding site of miR-1 on target genes was assessed by a reporter assay. Results Expression of miR-1 was obviously decreased in GC cell lines and primary tissues. Patients with low miR-1 expression had significantly shorter overall survival compared with those with high miR-1 expression (P = 0.0027). Overexpression of miR-1 in GC cells inhibited proliferation, migration, and tube formation of endothelial cells by suppressing expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and endothelin 1 (EDN1). Conversely, inhibition of miR-1 with use of antago-miR-1 caused an increase in expression of VEGF-A and EDN1 in nonmalignant GC cells or low-malignancy GC cells. Conclusions MiR-1 acts as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting angiogenesis-related growth factors in human gastric cancer. Downregulated miR-1 not only promotes cellular proliferation and migration of GC cells, but may activates proangiogenesis signaling and stimulates the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, indicating the possibility of new strategies for GC therapy

Cretaceous intermediate sulfidation ore system in the Dongkeng Volcanic Basin, SE China: constraints from the Dongji and Maluntou gold deposits

The Dongji (>12.5 t Au @ 4.27 g/t) and Maluntou (>5.0 t Au @ 3.70 g/t) gold deposits are the two largest ones in the Dongkeng Volcanic Basin (DVB), SE China, that are hosted by volcanic rocks. Mineralization is represented by three stages (i.e., stage 1, 2, and 3) that are characterized by four types of unzoned hydrothermal pyrite (i.e., pyrite1, 2a, 2b, and 3). Hydrothermal fluids responsible for pyrite1 deposition are moderate temperatures (308−377 °C) and low salinity (4.6−9.1 wt% NaCl equiv.). The deposition of pyrite2a and 2b is related to the stage 2 fluids featured by moderate-low temperatures (253−341 °C) and low salinity (3.2−9.1 wt% NaCl equiv.). Pyire3 is deposited from the stage 3 fluids with low temperatures (220−250 °C) and salinities (1.0−6.5 wt% NaCl equiv.). Hydrothermal fluids potentially have a magmatic origin and experience fluid boiling and mixing of meteoric water. Scanning electron microscopy and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry were used to investigate the occurrence of visible gold and the distribution of invisible gold in pyrite from different generations. Visible gold mainly exists as native gold and electrum within crystal interstices, fractures, and hollows of pyrite2b, and precipitates directly from the fluids during fluid boiling at ca. 329 °C with pressure of ca.120 bar. Invisible gold mainly presents in the form of solid solution in all pyrite types. Solid solution gold is also closely related to pyrite2b as the measured Au concentrations in pyrite2b (up to 27 ppm) exceed those in other pyrite types (<0.6 ppm) by one or two orders of magnitude. The elevated content of invisible Au (together with As, Ag, Zn, and Sb) in pyrite2b is potentially associated with lattice dislocations caused by rapid precipitation of Py2b during boiling process. The Re–Os isochron age of pyrite2b (99 ± 10 Ma) and the zircon U–Pb dating of the volcanic and subvolcanic rocks (95.1–104 Ma) indicate that the formation of gold mineralization and the igneous activity in the DVB were coeval during the Turonia–Albian. Geochronology, fluid characteristics, together with low Ni concentrations (<98 ppm) and high mean Co/Ni ratios (≥2.0) of pyrite from different generations, support that the Dongji and Maluntou gold deposits formed in a magmatic-hydrothermal ore system and have an intermediate-sulfidation epithermal origin

Effects of Planting Density on Starch Particle Size Distribution and Pasting Properties of Maize Kernels along Huaihe River

The effects of different planting densities on the particle size distribution and pasting properties of starch granules in maize grains along the Huaihe River were analyzed. Taking 13 maize hybrids such as Yudan 132 and Jingke 968 as materials, three planting densities of 56 250 plants/hm2, 67 500 plants/hm2 and 77 250 plants/hm2 were set up. The effects of different planting densities on grain quality, starch particle size distribution and gelatinization characteristics of maize in the region along the Huaihe River were analyzed. The results indicated that the protein and fat content of maize grain decreased with the increase of planting density in the range of 56 250 ~ 77 250 plants/hm2. The starch content showed an increasing trend, which means, the starch/protein ratio increased. The volume and surface area percentage of large starch granules in maize grains increased significantly, while the small starch granules decreased significantly. At the same time, it was found that the peak viscosity, trough viscosity, final viscosity and breakdown value of corn starch increased significantly after rising planting density. Relevant analysis showed that the viscosity parameters such as peak viscosity of corn kernels were positively correlated with the volume percentage of small and large starch granules. There was a significant or extremely significant negative correlation with the volume percentage of medium starch granules. It shows that planting density affects the starch particle size distribution starch viscosity parameters and chemical components of corn kernels