Pre-analytical errors in the phlebotomy process in a national hospital in Lima

Errors in the clinical laboratory are very frequent, most of which are mostly during the pre-analytical phase. That is why this research work proposes the identification of pre-analytical errors in the external office area of the Dos de Mayo National Hospital. To do this, a form was applied, filled out by the researcher at the time of supervision of the sampling. The instrument was validated by the joint recommendations of the EFLM-COLABIOCLI (European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine) and the Latin American Working Group of the Pre-Analytical Phase (WG-PRE-LATAM) of the Latin American Confederation of Clinical Biochemistry. It was obtained as a result, among the most outstanding, that more than 90% of the patient was not recommended to rest for 5 minutes at the end of the phlebotomy, 80% did not register the identity of the phlebotomist in the request for examinations, in 40% there was a poor homogenization of the tubes, about 12% did not instruct the patient to apply pressure at the extraction site and 10% the barcode was not labeled in the presence of the tubes of the patient. It is concluded that the sampling personnel, phlebotomists, should follow the established standards and reinforce the previous knowledge through continuous supervision by the health personnel and pathologist.Campus Lima Nort

Authentication and Anti-Duplication Security System for Visa and MasterCard Cards

This document attempts to provide the security to make a transaction, with the online transaction authentication flow, in order to make our purchases safely as there are many frauds and little security on the part of users when making an online purchase, as well as identity theft or card duplication, which cause transactions to be less reliable , with this system we will try to give the necessary confidence to make online purchases with our transaction flow, we will also use an agile methodology to design the system, which to develop it we will have to follow a few steps which will be elaborated, by 5 steps to develop this article

Rapid Identification Protocols in bacteria by MALDI-TOF from positive blood cultures. A literature review

Objective. To identify protocols for rapid identification of bacteria by MALDI-TOF from positive blood cultures that are as accurate as standardized ones. Methods. A bibliographic review was conducted on experimental articles, systematic reviews, experimental studies, and diagnostic test studies on the rapid identification of bacteria by MALDI-TOF from positive blood cultures. The QUADAS-2 tool was applied to evaluate the risk of bias in the articles. Results. There are various methodologies for the rapid identification of bacteria from positive blood cultures, all with a processing time of no more than one hour and with materials accessible in laboratories. These methodologies, such as Sepsityper and artisanal methods, achieve good accuracy in identifying Gram-negative bacteria, but there are still limitations in identifying Gram-positive bacteria depending on the genus and species of the bacterium. It is important to note that the quality of evidence in most studies is moderate, so the results should be taken with caution. Conclusion. There are several methodologies for rapid identification of bacteria in positive blood cultures, with short processing times and accessible materials in laboratories, that achieve good accuracy in identifying Gram-negative bacteria but have limitations in identifying Gram-positive bacteria. The quality of evidence is moderate, indicating that further studies with better design and higher quality and certainty results are needed to draw inferences obtained

Self-detection System for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Aspiration of the Patient's Urinalysis

Diabetes mellitus is a very silent disease, which, according to various studies, has been growing every year, among them are patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus that is characterized by why they do not produce enough insulin in their body, causing them to inject insulin in an uncontrolled way, caused discomfort by the number of times they inject. Some patients do not know if they have type 2 diabetes, and over time several inefficient and expensive diabetes screening systems have been developed, limiting their use by everyone. Similarly, if this disease is not detected in time, it can compromise other parts of the body so it is always necessary to control your eating habit, on the other hand, this type 2 disease can be detected in fasting of the patient. According to the problem exposed, in this research a self-detection system of type 2 diabetes mellitus was carried out by aspirating a urinalysis to detect through the sweet smell of urine if the patient may have type 2 diabetes mellitus by means of gas sensors and carbon nanotubes fused by a microcontroller. Through the operation of the system, it was observed that the tests were performed with an efficiency of 98.99%, being an accepted value for a reliable and safe diabetes analysis, demonstrating that it can detect type 2 diabetes mellitus by aspirating the smell of urine

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications