A Educação Rural no Paraná: uma análise a partir de Guarapuava (1930-1960)

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar diferentes posicionamentos sobre a importância da educação rural a partir da cidade de Guarapuava, no período de 1930 a 1960. Tendo como base empírica jornais circulantes na cidade, também utilizamos outros documentos para pensar a questão em um prisma que parte do âmbito nacional, passa pelo estadual, para chegar ao municipal. Como resultado desse trajeto analítico, pudemos ver que a educação rural em Guarapuava manifesta sua importância alternando defesas sobre o valor da educação e denúncias das mazelas no atendimento dessa modalidade educacional

Shorter Maintenance Therapy in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: The Experience of the Prospective, Randomized Brazilian GBTLI ALL-93 Protocol

Maintenance therapy is an important phase of the childhood ALL treatment, requiring 2-year long therapy adherence of the patients and families. Weekly methotrexate (MTX) with daily 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) constitutes the backbone of maintenance therapy. Reduction in the maintenance therapy could overweight problems related with poverty of children with ALL living in Limited-Income countries (LIC). Objective: To compare, prospectively, the EFS rates of children with ALL treated according to two maintenance regimens: 18 vs 24 months duration. Materials and Methods: From October 1993 to September 1999, 867 consecutive untreated ALL patients 10 years and high WBC at diagnosis). Overall death in remission rate was 6.85% (56 patients). Deaths during maintenance were 13 in group 1 and 12 in group 2, all due to infection. Over 15 years of follow-up, two patients both from Group 2 presented a second malignancy (Hodgkin’s disease and thyroid carcinoma) after 8.3 and 11 years off therapy, respectively. Conclusion: Six-month reduction of maintenance therapy in ALL children treated according to the GBTLI ALL-93 protocol, provided the same overall outcome as 2-year duration regimen