Control of Pain and Dyspnea in Patients with Oncologic Disease in Acute Care: Non-Pharmacological Intervention

Objective: To identify non-pharmacological strategies in the control of pain and dyspnea, in patient with oncological disease, in acute care. Methodology: Question in PI[C]O format was used and search at EBSCO (MEDLINE with Full TEXT; CINAHL, Plus with Full Text; British Nursing Index) retrospectively from 2009 to 2015. We included also guidelines by reference entities: Oncology Nursing Society (2011) National Comprehensive Cancer Network and Cancer Care Ontario, resulting in a total of 15 articles. Results: The gold standard for an adequate symptom control is a systematized assessment. Non-pharmacological measures: psycho-emotional support, hypnosis, counseling/training/ instruction, therapeutic adherence, music therapy, massage, relaxation techniques, telephone support, functional and respiratory reeducation increase health gains. Conclusion: The control of oncologic pain and dyspnea require a comprehensive and multimodal approach

Family: the challenge of prevention of drug use.

CONTENTS OF THE BOOK From the original research for the knowledge and evaluation of family prevention programs in the five European countries we decided to enrich our study with different contributions in this field. Thus, some researchers have contributed to the organization of this book, having participated in the elaboration of some chapters. In the first chapter a description and a socio-historical framework of the evolution of the prevention concept are made. Throughout the years we have been learning how to better define and interpret the true meaning of drug use primary prevention. From the information to prevention as science a long way has been covered in a short period of time. In the second chapter we mention and describe all the existing theoretical models. We remind you that only some time ago preventive interventions were performed according to the idea that information on drugs was necessary and sufficient to avoid youngsters using them. The prevention models give support and frame the different preventive interventions, justifying the options made. In the third chapter, and based on the wider and deeper knowledge on protective and risk factors, we present the prevention strategies more often used. We also describe the preventive programs mentioned in the three areas we highlighted: Family – School – Community. In Chapter 4, after the definition of our research aims, we present the grids used in the reading of the selected projects in the five countries. They are two distinct grids that help us to understand the different levels of preventive intervention: a) one, which we call Level I grid, that refers to all the preventive interventions socalled occasional; b) Level II grid, which mentions long time actions with a theoretical framework. We also present and discuss the obtained data. In the fifth chapter we present the contribution of three of our researchers, approaching several themes. Professor Boyer, bearing in mind the results of IREFREA’s research (Mendes & Relvas et al, 1999) develops the issue of religion/spirituality as a protective factor. Dr. Susanna Pietralunga describes the preventive activities in family context and their evolution, from the Italian reality. Professor Paula Relvas approaches the family life cycle: a framework for primary prevention of drug use. In Chapter 7 the conclusions of our work are presented and a series of orientations are suggested, taking into account future preventive activities in family context

N-player quantum games in an EPR setting

The $N$-player quantum game is analyzed in the context of an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) experiment. In this setting, a player's strategies are not unitary transformations as in alternate quantum game-theoretic frameworks, but a classical choice between two directions along which spin or polarization measurements are made. The players' strategies thus remain identical to their strategies in the mixed-strategy version of the classical game. In the EPR setting the quantum game reduces itself to the corresponding classical game when the shared quantum state reaches zero entanglement. We find the relations for the probability distribution for $N$-qubit GHZ and W-type states, subject to general measurement directions, from which the expressions for the mixed Nash equilibrium and the payoffs are determined. Players' payoffs are then defined with linear functions so that common two-player games can be easily extended to the $N$-player case and permit analytic expressions for the Nash equilibrium. As a specific example, we solve the Prisoners' Dilemma game for general $N \ge 2$. We find a new property for the game that for an even number of players the payoffs at the Nash equilibrium are equal, whereas for an odd number of players the cooperating players receive higher payoffs.Comment: 26 pages, 2 figure

Analysis of two-player quantum games in an EPR setting using geometric algebra

The framework for playing quantum games in an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) type setting is investigated using the mathematical formalism of Clifford geometric algebra (GA). In this setting, the players' strategy sets remain identical to the ones in the classical mixed-strategy version of the game, which is then obtained as proper subset of the corresponding quantum game. As examples, using GA we analyze the games of Prisoners' Dilemma and Stag Hunt when played in the EPR type setting.Comment: 20 pages, no figure, revise

Transgenic expression of the dicotyledonous pattern recognition receptor EFR in rice leads to ligand-dependent activation of defense responses

Plant plasma membrane localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) detect extracellular pathogen-associated molecules. PRRs such as Arabidopsis EFR and rice XA21 are taxonomically restricted and are absent from most plant genomes. Here we show that rice plants expressing EFR or the chimeric receptor EFR::XA21, containing the EFR ectodomain and the XA21 intracellular domain, sense both Escherichia coli- and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo)-derived elf18 peptides at sub-nanomolar concentrations. Treatment of EFR and EFR::XA21 rice leaf tissue with elf18 leads to MAP kinase activation, reactive oxygen production and defense gene expression. Although expression of EFR does not lead to robust enhanced resistance to fully virulent Xoo isolates, it does lead to quantitatively enhanced resistance to weakly virulent Xoo isolates. EFR interacts with OsSERK2 and the XA21 binding protein 24 (XB24), two key components of the rice XA21-mediated immune response. Rice-EFR plants silenced for OsSERK2, or overexpressing rice XB24 are compromised in elf18-induced reactive oxygen production and defense gene expression indicating that these proteins are also important for EFR-mediated signaling in transgenic rice. Taken together, our results demonstrate the potential feasibility of enhancing disease resistance in rice and possibly other monocotyledonous crop species by expression of dicotyledonous PRRs. Our results also suggest that Arabidopsis EFR utilizes at least a subset of the known endogenous rice XA21 signaling components

The phylogenetically-related pattern recognition receptors EFR and XA21 recruit similar immune signaling components in monocots and dicots

During plant immunity, surface-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The transfer of PRRs between plant species is a promising strategy for engineering broad-spectrum disease resistance. Thus, there is a great interest in understanding the mechanisms of PRR-mediated resistance across different plant species. Two well-characterized plant PRRs are the leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases (LRR-RKs) EFR and XA21 from Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) and rice, respectively. Interestingly, despite being evolutionary distant, EFR and XA21 are phylogenetically closely related and are both members of the sub-family XII of LRR-RKs that contains numerous potential PRRs. Here, we compared the ability of these related PRRs to engage immune signaling across the monocots-dicots taxonomic divide. Using chimera between Arabidopsis EFR and rice XA21, we show that the kinase domain of the rice XA21 is functional in triggering elf18-induced signaling and quantitative immunity to the bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000 and Agrobacterium tumefaciens in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, the EFR:XA21 chimera associates dynamically in a ligand-dependent manner with known components of the EFR complex. Conversely, EFR associates with Arabidopsis orthologues of rice XA21-interacting proteins, which appear to be involved in EFR-mediated signaling and immunity in Arabidopsis. Our work indicates the overall functional conservation of immune components acting downstream of distinct LRR-RK-type PRRs between monocots and dicots

Phoma stem canker disease on oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in China is caused by Leptosphaeria biglobosa ‘brassicae’

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of the following article: Ze Liu, Akinwunmi O. Latunde-Dada, Avice M. Hall, Bruce D. L. Fitt, ‘Phoma stem canker disease on oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in China is caused by Leptosphaeria biglobosa ‘brassicae’’, European Journal of Plant Pathology, Vol. 140(4): 841-857, December 2014. The final publication is available at Springer via: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10658-014-0513-7 © Koninklijke Nederlandse Planteziektenkundige Vereniging 2014Phoma stem canker of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is a globally important disease that is caused by the sibling ascomycete species Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa. Sixty fungal isolates obtained from oilseed rape stems with phoma stem canker disease symptoms collected from four provinces in China in 1999, 2005 and 2006 were all identified as Leptosphaeria biglobosa, not L. maculans, by PCR diagnostics based on species-specific primers. There were no differences in cultural characteristics (e.g. pigmentation and in vitro growth) between these L. biglobosa isolates from China and those of 37 proven L. biglobosa isolates from Europe or Canada. In studies using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, Chinese L. biglobosa populations were genetically more similar to European L. biglobosa populations than to the more diverse Canadian L. biglobosa populations. Sequencing of gene fragments of β-tubulin, actin and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA from L. biglobosa isolates from China, Europe, Australia and Canada showed a closer taxonomic similarity of Chinese L. biglobosa to the European L. biglobosa ‘brassicae’ than to Canadian L. biglobosa ‘canadensis’ or to the Australian L. biglobosa ‘occiaustralensis’ or ‘australensis’ subclades. These results suggest that the Chinese L. biglobosa population in this study is in the same subclade as European L. biglobosa ‘brassicae’ populationsPeer reviewe

Tramas discursivas em práticas escolares de alfabetização

O artigo que se segue consiste em investigações oriundas de leituras e discussões empreendidas pelas autoras acerca do contexto das práticas escolares. A proposta consiste em levantar alguns pressupostos da Modernidade, contrapondo-a à Pós-modernidade, entendida esta última como problematizações à primeira, a partir do que se costuma entender como “virada linguística”. Teceremos algumas considerações a respeito dos sujeitos educacionais – professor e aluno -, problematizando-os à luz do paradigma dos estudos pós-críticos, ou pós-modernos, para o qual os sujeitos são entendidos como efeitos dos discursos e a linguagem como central na constituição dos objetos e sujeitos educacionais. Nesse âmbito, torna-se relevante pensar as práticas educacionais como práticas discursivas, verdadeiras “ordens de discurso” que regem os sujeitos e suas ações. A par desses conceitos, lançamo-nos a analisar cenas de sala de aula de alfabetização, de modo a apontar os mecanismos de construção de regimes de saberes e de poderes que perpassam as relações neste contexto. Nestas cenas, professores e alunos encontram-se inseridos em verdadeiros “rituais” que estabelecem o que, como e em que momento se pode dizer e não se pode dizer. O ensino consiste em um jogo discursivo e quem não souber as regras ou quiser “burlar” tais regras estará consequentemente fora. Esperamos que as discussões empreendidas, neste artigo, possam, em última instância, torcer e retorcer a trama discursiva da educação, puxando os fios, alargando os nós, de modo a (nos) vermos, com um outro olhar, os sujeitos da educação

Toward osteogenic differentiation of marrow stromal cells and in vitro production of mineralized extracellular matrix onto natural scaffolds

Uncorrected proofTissue engineering has emerged as a new interdisciplinary field for the repair of various tissues, restoring their functions by using scaffolds, cells, and/or bioactive factors. A temporary scaffold acts as an extracellular matrix analog to culture cells and guide the development of new tissue. In this chapter, we discuss the preparation of naturally derived scaffolds of polysaccharide origin, the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells cultured on biomimetic calcium phosphate coatings, and the delivery of biomolecules associated with extracellular matrix mineralization

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac