2,741 research outputs found
Addendum: OneâSpeed Neutron Transport in Two Adjacent HalfâSpaces
The interface current for the problem of two halfâspaces with a constant source in one halfâspace is obtained in closed form.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70010/2/JMAPAQ-5-12-1804-1.pd
Convex recovery of a structured signal from independent random linear measurements
This chapter develops a theoretical analysis of the convex programming method
for recovering a structured signal from independent random linear measurements.
This technique delivers bounds for the sampling complexity that are similar
with recent results for standard Gaussian measurements, but the argument
applies to a much wider class of measurement ensembles. To demonstrate the
power of this approach, the paper presents a short analysis of phase retrieval
by trace-norm minimization. The key technical tool is a framework, due to
Mendelson and coauthors, for bounding a nonnegative empirical process.Comment: 18 pages, 1 figure. To appear in "Sampling Theory, a Renaissance."
v2: minor corrections. v3: updated citations and increased emphasis on
Mendelson's contribution
OneâSpeed Neutron Transport in Two Adjacent HalfâSpaces
Using Case's method for solving the oneâspeed transport equation with isotropic scattering, the Milne problem solution, the solution for a constant source in one halfâspace, and the Green's function solution are obtained for two adjacent halfâspaces. These problems have been solved previously by other methods. Here the derivations are greatly simplified by using Case's method.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/71048/2/JMAPAQ-5-5-668-1.pd
Preemption and Theories of Federalism
American government is an experiment in redundancy, with powers and duties shared among federal, state, and local decision makers. The arrangeÂment is designed to divide power, maximize self-rule, and foster innovation, but it also can breed confusion. In the areas of public safety and environÂmental protection, state and federal leaders (to name the two most active players in these disputes) are often seen jockeying for the inside track, hoping to secure the resources or authority needed to promote their views of the public good or gain politically. To outside observers, the best outcomes are not obvious. For example, should the federal government be the exclusive regulator of automobile pollution, as it is of automotive fuel efficiency, or should (as U.S. Senators from California successfully argued in 1967) California also be allowed to set its own unique, more stringent standards? Should New Jersey be able to issue regulations requiring chemical plant managers to consider safer technology to reduce the risks of terrorism incidents, or should those requirements be imposed only if the U.S. Department of Homeland Security allows them? Should state judges or juries be allowed to conclude, applying state tort law, that a pharmaceutical company has negligently failed to warn patients of drug side effects if the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has already approved the drug label? Deciding when federal law trumps state law can be a complicated process, involving the legislature, the judiciary, and even executive agencies. The guiding principles always include federalism
Preemption and Theories of Federalism
American government is an experiment in redundancy, with powers and duties shared among federal, state, and local decision makers. The arrangeÂment is designed to divide power, maximize self-rule, and foster innovation, but it also can breed confusion. In the areas of public safety and environÂmental protection, state and federal leaders (to name the two most active players in these disputes) are often seen jockeying for the inside track, hoping to secure the resources or authority needed to promote their views of the public good or gain politically. To outside observers, the best outcomes are not obvious. For example, should the federal government be the exclusive regulator of automobile pollution, as it is of automotive fuel efficiency, or should (as U.S. Senators from California successfully argued in 1967) California also be allowed to set its own unique, more stringent standards? Should New Jersey be able to issue regulations requiring chemical plant managers to consider safer technology to reduce the risks of terrorism incidents, or should those requirements be imposed only if the U.S. Department of Homeland Security allows them? Should state judges or juries be allowed to conclude, applying state tort law, that a pharmaceutical company has negligently failed to warn patients of drug side effects if the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has already approved the drug label? Deciding when federal law trumps state law can be a complicated process, involving the legislature, the judiciary, and even executive agencies. The guiding principles always include federalism
Case Report: Acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis secondary to cotrimoxazole or tenofovir
Cutaneous adverse drug reactions are a common complication of antiretroviral therapy and of drugs used to treat opportunistic infections. We present a rare case of acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis secondary to  cotrimoxazole or tenofovir
A chain rule for the expected suprema of Gaussian processes
The expected supremum of a Gaussian process indexed by the image of an index
set under a function class is bounded in terms of separate properties of the
index set and the function class. The bound is relevant to the estimation of
nonlinear transformations or the analysis of learning algorithms whenever
hypotheses are chosen from composite classes, as is the case for multi-layer
models
Acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis secondary to cotrimoxazole or tenofovir
Cutaneous adverse drug reactions are a common complication of antiretroviral therapy and of drugs used to treat opportunistic infections. We present a rare case of acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis secondary to cotrimoxazole or tenofovir
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Opportunities for system level improvement in antibiotic use across the surgical pathway
Optimizing antibiotic prescribing across the surgical pathway (before, during, and after surgery) is a key aspect of tackling important drivers of antimicrobial resistance and simultaneously decreasing the burden of infection at the global level. In the UK alone, 10 million patients undergo surgery every year, which is equivalent to 60% of the annual hospital admissions having a surgical intervention. The overwhelming majority of surgical procedures require effectively limited delivery of antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent infections. Evidence from around the world indicates that antibiotics for surgical prophylaxis are administered ineffectively, or are extended for an inappropriate duration of time postoperatively. Ineffective antibiotic prophylaxis can contribute to the development of surgical site infections (SSIs), which represent a significant global burden of disease. The World Health Organization estimates SSI rates of up to 50% in postoperative surgical patients (depending on the type of surgery), with a particular problem in low- and middle-income countries, where SSIs are the most frequently reported healthcare-associated infections. Across European hospitals, SSIs alone comprise 19.6% of all healthcare-acquired infections. Much of the scientific research in infection management in surgery is related to infection prevention and control in the operating room, surgical prophylaxis, and the management of SSIs, with many studies focusing on infection within the 30-day postoperative period. However it is important to note that SSIs represent only one of the many types of infection that can occur postoperatively. This article provides an overview of the surgical pathway and considers infection management and antibiotic prescribing at each step of the pathway. The aim was to identify the implications for research and opportunities for system improvement
Differences in Spectral Sensitivity Within and Among Species of Darters (genus Etheostoma)
We examined variation in the visual system both within and among seven species of darters, colorful freshwater fishes of the genus Etheostoma. Using microspectrophotometry, we found that darters possess rod photoreceptor cells, single cone photoreceptor cells containing middle wavelength sensitive (MWS) visual pigments, and twin photoreceptor cells containing (LWS) visual pigments. No variation in peak sensitivity was detected among species or individuals in the rod class. In the MWS class, significant variation was detected among species and a strong statistical trend suggests differences among individuals. By contrast, all differences in the LWS class could be attributed to variation among individuals. Patterns of variation detected among species, among individuals, and among cone classes suggest that complex patterns of selection may be shaping the visual system of these fishes. Further, differences among individuals may have important consequences for visually based behaviors
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