A Pentanucleotide Repeat Polymorphism (TTTTA) in the Apolipoprotein (a) Gene – Its Distribution and Its Association with the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

Apolipoprotein (a) is a component of lipoprotein (a). Several studies have shown the association between risk of coronary heart diseases and the size of apo(a) isoforms, although this issue is still controversial. Recent researches focused the attention on the pentanucleotide (TTTTA), highlighting a statistical correlation between low Lp(a) levels and high repeat numbers. In the present paper we studied the distribution of the apo(a) pentanucleotide polymorphism among populations from Corsica, and we then compared it with other populations from Europe, Africa and Asia. The results stressed out the usefulness of these markers in population genetics analysis. We later investigated the possible association of the apo(a) pentanucleotide polymorphism with serum lipid levels in two samples from Corsica (France): one comprises patients or individuals with high risk of future coronary heart disease and the other is a control sample. No significant differences between the two groups have been found, but the analysis of variance showed a significant association between different genotypes and cholesterol and LDL serum levels

Genetic isolates in Corsica (France): linkage disequilibrium extension analysis on the Xq13 region

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A Pentanucleotide Repeat Polymorphism (TTTTA) in the Apolipoprotein (a) Gene – Its Distribution and Its Association with the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

Apolipoprotein (a) is a component of lipoprotein (a). Several studies have shown the association between risk of coronary heart diseases and the size of apo(a) isoforms, although this issue is still controversial. Recent researches focused the attention on the pentanucleotide (TTTTA), highlighting a statistical correlation between low Lp(a) levels and high repeat numbers. In the present paper we studied the distribution of the apo(a) pentanucleotide polymorphism among populations from Corsica, and we then compared it with other populations from Europe, Africa and Asia. The results stressed out the usefulness of these markers in population genetics analysis. We later investigated the possible association of the apo(a) pentanucleotide polymorphism with serum lipid levels in two samples from Corsica (France): one comprises patients or individuals with high risk of future coronary heart disease and the other is a control sample. No significant differences between the two groups have been found, but the analysis of variance showed a significant association between different genotypes and cholesterol and LDL serum levels

Genome-Wide Identification of Ampicillin Resistance Determinants in Enterococcus faecium

Enterococcus faecium has become a nosocomial pathogen of major importance, causing infections that are difficult to treat owing to its multi-drug resistance. In particular, resistance to the β-lactam antibiotic ampicillin has become ubiquitous among clinical isolates. Mutations in the low-affinity penicillin binding protein PBP5 have previously been shown to be important for ampicillin resistance in E. faecium, but the existence of additional resistance determinants has been suggested. Here, we constructed a high-density transposon mutant library in E. faecium and developed a transposon mutant tracking approach termed Microarray-based Transposon Mapping (M-TraM), leading to the identification of a compendium of E. faecium genes that contribute to ampicillin resistance. These genes are part of the core genome of E. faecium, indicating a high potential for E. faecium to evolve towards β-lactam resistance. To validate the M-TraM results, we adapted a Cre-lox recombination system to construct targeted, markerless mutants in E. faecium. We confirmed the role of four genes in ampicillin resistance by the generation of targeted mutants and further characterized these mutants regarding their resistance to lysozyme. The results revealed that ddcP, a gene predicted to encode a low-molecular-weight penicillin binding protein with D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase activity, was essential for high-level ampicillin resistance. Furthermore, deletion of ddcP sensitized E. faecium to lysozyme and abolished membrane-associated D,D-carboxypeptidase activity. This study has led to the development of a broadly applicable platform for functional genomic-based studies in E. faecium, and it provides a new perspective on the genetic basis of ampicillin resistance in this organism

Analyse des effets des facteurs de production dans l'opération Coton au Sud au Mali

Suite à une mission effectuée au Mali en 1973, les auteurs de cette étude monographique, analyse les effets des facteurs de production dans l'opération coton dans le Sud ce pay

La distribution de quatorze marqueurs génétiques dans la population de l'île de Corse (France)

Summary. — The distribution of fourteen genetic markers was studied in a sample of 170 individuals coming from Corte and some nearby villages (Corsica, France). The results were discussed in the context of other Mediterranean populations. The findings showed a relatively high genetic heterogeneity of Corsicans compared to other populations. The genetic differences appeared to be smaller between Corsicans and Sardinians than Corsicans and other Mediterraneans.Résumé. — Quatorze marqueurs érythrocytaires, plasmatiques et antigéniques, ont été analysés sur 170 échantillons sanguins représentatifs de la population du centre de la Corse. Les résultats obtenus ont été confrontés, par l'intermédiaire de l'analyse en composantes principales et des distances génétiques, aux données concernant d'autres populations principalement méditerranéennes. Les relations génétiques établies sont discutées en fonction des données historiques et archéologiques.Varesi Laurent, Memmi Marc, Moral Pedro, Mameli Giuseppa Elisa, Succa Valeria, Vona Giuseppe. La distribution de quatorze marqueurs génétiques dans la population de l'île de Corse (France). In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, Nouvelle Série. Tome 8 fascicule 1-2, 1996. pp. 5-14

Epidemiology and genetic diversity of Anaplasma ovis in goats in Corsica, France

Background Anaplasma ovis is a major cause of small ruminant anaplasmosis, a tick-borne disease mainly affecting small ruminants in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Due to health and production problems in dairy goat flocks in Corsica, France, and the demonstration of A. ovis infection in some animals, an extensive survey was conducted in the island in spring 2016. The aim of the survey was to determine the prevalence and geographical distribution of A. ovis infections in goats and ticks as well as possible relationships with anaemia and other health indicators. In addition, the genetic diversity of A. ovis was evaluated. Methods Blood and faecal samples were collected in 55 clinically healthy flocks (10 goats per flock) for A. ovis qPCR, haematocrit determination, paratuberculosis ELISA seropositivity and gastrointestinal nematode egg excretion quantification. Ticks were collected, identified and processed for A. ovis DNA detection. Results A high prevalence of A. ovis DNA detection was found at the individual (52.0%) and flock levels (83.6%) with a within-flock prevalence ranging between 0–100%. Rhipicephalus bursa was the only tick species collected on goats (n = 355) and the detection rate of A. ovis DNA in ticks was 20.3%. Anaplasma ovis DNA prevalence was higher in flocks located at an altitude above 168 m, in goats of Corsican/crossbred breed and in goats > 3 years-old. No relationship was found between A. ovis DNA detection at the individual or flock level and haematocrit, paratuberculosis seropositivity or gastrointestinal parasites. Positive A. ovis goat samples were used for amplification of gltA and msp4 genes for species confirmation and strain identification, respectively. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of these genes confirmed the detection of A. ovis and allowed identification of six different strains of this pathogen (named Corsica 1-6 (COR1-6). While the msp4 sequence of strain COR1 had 100% identity with strains previously reported, COR2 to 6 were found to be novel strains. The strain COR1 was the most represented, corresponding to 94.6% of the msp4 sequences obtained. Conclusions The results showed a relatively high genetic diversity of A. ovis associated with high bacterial prevalence in goats

Peopling of three Mediterranean Islands (Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily) inferred by Y-chromosome biallelic variability

chromosome variability in a sample from the Mediterranean islands of Corsica and Sicily, and compared with data on Sardinia to gain insights into the ethnogenesis of these island populations. The results were interpreted in a broader Mediterranean context by including in the analysis neighboring populations previously studied with the same methodology. All samples studied were enclosed in the comparable spectrum of European Y-chromosome variability. Pronounced differences were observed between the islands as well as in the percentages of haplotypes previously shown to have distinctive patterns of continental phylogeography. Approximately 60% of the Sicilian haplotypes are also prevalent in Southern Italy and Greece. Conversely, the Corsican sample had elevated levels of alternative haplotypes common in Northern Italy. Sardinia showed a haplotype ratio similar to that observed in Corsica, but with a remarkable difference in the presence of a lineage defined by marker M26, which approaches 35% in Sardinia but seems absent in Corsica. Although geographically adjacent, the data suggest different colonization histories and a minimal amount of recent gene flow between them. Our results identify possible ancestral continental sources of the various island populations and underscore the influence of founder effect and genetic drift. The Y-chromosome data are consistent with comparable mtDNA data at the RFLP haplogroup level of resolution, as well as linguistic and historic knowledge