65 yaş üstü hastalarda kronik hastalıkların anksiyete ve depresyon ile ilişkisi

Aim: With the increasing life expectancy, the elderly population is gradually increasing. Considering the difficulty in recognizing and treating mental disorders in the elderly, clinicians should be careful about risk factors. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of chronic diseases with depression and anxiety levels and to raise awareness for mental illnesses in this age group. Material and Methods: This study was conducted with 100 patients over 65 years of age. Patients with a diagnosis of psychiatric illness and using psychotropic drugs for the last 6 months were not included in the study. After the sample of the study was formed, the sociodemographic data form prepared by the researchers and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were applied to the patients. Results: Anxiety levels were found to be significantly higher in female patients (p=0.032). A positive correlation was found between age and depression levels (r=0.225, p=0.025). No statistically significant difference was found in anxiety and depression levels between the patient groups with and without chronic disease (p=0.122, and p=0.668, respectively). Conclusion: Chronic diseases, duration of the disease, and use of medication were not found to be associated with anxiety and depression levels, while anxiety levels were found to be higher in female patients, and also a significant positive correlation was found between age and depression levels. Mental disorders are a subject that needs to be examined in detail in elderly patients. The mental illnesses of elderly patients should not be ignored and should always be considered by clinicians

The relationship of obsessions and compulsions with aggression in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric disorder that is frequently encountered in the clinic and affects the functionality of patients significantly. Patients with higher levels of aggression have lower treatment compliance and recovery rates for their current mental illnesses. In our study, the relationships between OCD and its subtypes and aggression were examined. Subjects and Methods: A total of 87 patients with OCD were included in the study. Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (Y–BOCS) and Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) were applied to the patients. Results: In this study, the relationship between Obsession subtypes and aggression total and subtypes was evaluated. Hostility (p=0.004), anger (p=0.034), verbal aggression (p=0.002) and total aggression scores (p=0.017) were significantly higher in patients with aggression obsessions. Hostility (p=0.021) and aggression total scores (p=0.043) were significantly higher in patients with contamination obsession. Anger total scores of patients with hoarding obsessions (p=0.025) and symmetry obsessions (p=0.023) were found to be significantly higher. Anger levels of patients with counting compulsions (p= 0.038) were significantly higher. Anger levels (p= 0.047) and verbal aggression levels (p= 0.018) were significantly higher in patients with hoarding compulsion. A positive and significant correlation was found between the levels of total obsession score and total aggression scores (p=0.038 r= 0.222). However there was no significant correlation between the total compulsion score and the total aggression score. Conclusion: The coexistence of aggression and OCD is one of the less studied issues in the literature. Aggression is a factor that affects the treatment process of patients negatively. In our study, a significant relationship was found especially between obsession and aggression

Relationship between obsessive beliefs, suicidal ideation and biological YRTHM in patients with major depressive disorder

Amaç: Depresyon neden olduğu yeti yitimi açısından tedavi maliyetindeki yük oranıyla birlikte tüm tıbbi hastalıklar içerisinde 4. sırada yer almaktadır. Yaygınlık oranının fazla olması, tanıda yaşanan güçlükler, intihar riski ve kronik seyir gösterme gibi sorunlar nedeniyle depresif bozukluğun yol açtığı sorunlar giderek artmaktadır. Dolayısıyla depresif bozuklukla ilgili araştırmaların önemi de giderek artmaktadır. Obsesif inanışlar OKB' de üzerinde durulmuş bir konudur. Ancak literatürde depresif bozukluk, intihar ve biyolojik ritm ile ilişkisini inceleyen çalışmaya rastlanılamamıştır. Çalışmanın amacıobsesif inanışların depresif bozukluklu hastalarda intihar düşüncesine ve biyolojik ritm ile olan ilişkisini incelemektir. Yöntem: Bu çalışma Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Psikiyatri Polikliniği'ne başvuran kişiler arasından, 15.09.2014/15.11.2014 tarihlerinde yapılmuştır. Çalışmaya, çalışmaya dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan, dahil edilmeme kriterlerini karşılamayan 100 hasta ve bu 100 hasta ile eşleştirilmiş 100 kontrol grubu alınmıştır. Çalışmaya alınan 100 hasta klinik görüşme ile DSM-5 Tanı ölçütlerine göre major depresif bozukluk tanısı almışlardır. Hastaların psikotrop ilaç kullanım öyküleri bulunmamaktadır. 18-65 yaş arası, okur-yazar, ek tıbbi rahatsızlığı olmayan kişiler çalışmaya alınmıştır. Bu kişilere Hamilton Depresyon Ölçeği, İntihar Davranışı Ölçeği, Obsesif İnanışlar Ölçeği, Belirti Tarama Listesi ( SCL-90-R ), Biyolojik Ritm Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. İstatistik olarak tanımlayıcı ve karşılatırıcı istatiksel program SPSS 22.0 uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmada depresif bozukluklu hastalarda daha yüksek obsesif inanışlar düzeyi bulunmuştur. Ancak depresyonun şiddeti ile obsesif inanışların düzeyi arasında ilişki bulunamamıştır. Aynı şekilde depresyon ve intihar ile biyolojik ritm arasında da ilişki saptanmıştır. Ayrıca benzer şekilde obsesif inanışlarla biyolojik ritm arasında da ilişki saptanmıştır. Ancak çalışmadaobsesif inanışlar ve intihar düşüncesi arasında ilişki saptanamamıştır. Sonuç: Depresif bozukluk ve obsesif inanışlar arasında ilişki bulunmuştur. Klinikte depresif bozukluk yakınması ile başvuran hastalara bu yönden de yaklaşılmalıdır. Ancak çalışmaya göre intihar ve obsesif inanışlar arasında ilişki bulunamamıştır. Bu konuda daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Objective:Depression is the fourth of all medical illnesses due to the high treatment cost on the disability it caused. Depressive disorders are gradually increasing because of high prevalence rate, difficulties experienced in diagnosis, suicide risk and chronicity. Therefore, the importance of the studies related to depressive disorder is increasing. Obsessive beliefs are a subject on which is focused on Obsessive Compulsive Disorders (OCD). However, any studies investigating the relations between depressive disorder, suicide and biological rhythm have not been seen in literature. The aim of the study is to examine the relation between the obsessive beliefs and suicide and biological rhythm in the patients having depressive disorder. Method: This study was carried out with the patients applying to Psychiatry Clinic in Recep Tayyip Erdogan University between the dates 15th Sep, 2014 and 15th Nov, 2014. One hundred patients, fulfilling the conditions of being included in the study and not fulfilling the conditions of not being included in the study, and 100 patients matched with the previous group as a control group were included in the study. One hundred patients in the study were diagnosed with major depressive disorder according to DSM-5 criterion after clinic interviews. The patients have no psychotropic medicine use stories. The patients, the ages of whom were between 18 and 65 and who did not have additional medical diseases were included in the study. Hamilton Depression Scale, Suicide Behavior Scale, Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire, Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R) and Biological Rhythm Scale were applied to those patients. Also, descriptive and comparing statistical program SPSS 22.0 was applied. Findings: Higher obsessive belief level was found in depressive disordered patient in the study. However, any relations between the intensity of depression and the level of obsessive beliefs were not found. On the other hand, a relation between obsessive beliefs and biological rhythm was determined, but a relation between obsessive beliefs and suicide was not found. Result: A relation between depressive disorders and obsessive beliefs was found. The patients applying to the clinic because of depressive disorder should be approached by taking this result into consideration. However, a relation between suicide and obsessive beliefs was not found in this study. More studies are required on this subject

Pregorexia: Eating Disorder in Pregnancy

Pregorexia, the eating disorder observed during pregnancy, is a condition that negatively affects the health of the mother and the baby. The frequency of thin body perception, which has entered our lives with popular culture, is increasing. Pregorexia negatively affects both the health of the mother and the development of the baby. Pregnancy is a complex physiological and spiritual period for the mother. First of all, clinicians should be careful about eating disorders during pregnancy. Pregnant women may be unnoticed in terms of eating disorders in the outpatient clinic. In the treatment duration, it is very important to inform the mother about the importance of nutrition during pregnancy. The mother should be informed about nutrition and psychiatric treatment support should be provided. It is important for clinicians to know about pregorexia, which is an important health problem for both mother and baby

Expressing emotions, rejection sensitivity, and attachment in patients with fibromyalgia

Objectives: This study aimed to examine emotional awareness, control of emotions, and the childhood attachment process in fibromyalgia patients. Patients and methods: The observational study was conducted with 117 participants (14 males, 103 females; mean age: 43.9±9.0 years; range, 22 to 64 years) between February 20, 2022, and May 20, 2022. Sixty-one patients and 56 healthy control subjects filled out a form including sociodemographic data, such as age, sex, occupation, and educational status. In addition, the participants answered the Expressing Emotions Scale, Rejection Sensitivity Scale, and Experiences in Close Relationships Scale. Results: In our study, Expressing Emotions Scale scores are significantly higher in the healthy control group than in the patient group (p<0.05). Rejection Sensitivity Scale scores are significantly higher in the patient group than in the healthy control group (p<0.05). In the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale, a significant difference was determined between the patient and control groups in the avoidant attachment subdimension (p<0.05). Similarly, a significant difference was observed between both groups in terms of the anxiety attachment subdimension (p<0.05). Conclusion: The ability to express emotions is lower and avoidant and anxious attachment rates are higher in fibromyalgia patients

Tokophobia

Tokofobi , şiddetli doğum korkusu olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Gebelerde doğuma yönelik korku olması bir miktar normal ve gerekli sayılmaktadır. Ancak tüm gebelerin ortalama %15 kadar bir kesimi şiddetli doğum korkusu, tokofobi ile başetmektedir. Tokofobi nedeniyle kadınlarda gebelikten kaçınma, elektif sezaryen, doğum komplikasyonları gibi durumlar görülmektedir. Tedavide gebenin doğum öncesi eğitimi, solunum, ıkınma egzersizleri, bilişsel davranışçı yaklaşım gibi yöntemler kullanılabilir. Tokofobisi olan kadınlar bu tedavi yöntemlerinden fayda görmektedir. Multidispliner bir yaklaşım gerektiren tokofobi değerlendirilip tedavi edildiğinde oluşabilecek olumsuz sonuçların önüne geçilebilir.Tokophobia is defined as a severe fear of childbirth. Minimal fear of chilbirth in pregnancy is considered to be normal and necessary However, approximately 15% of all pregnant women cope with severe fear of childbirth and tokophobia. Due to tokophobia, situations such as avoidance of pregnancy, elective cesarean section and birth complications are seen in women. Methods such as prenatal education of the pregnant woman, breathing, straining exercises, cognitive behavioral approach can be used in the treatment. Women with tokophobia benefit from these treatment methods. When tokophobia, which requires a multidisciplinary approach, is evaluated and treated, negative consequences can be prevented

Olfactory reference syndrome in adolescent: A case report

Olfaktör referans sendromu hastaların başka insanları rahatsız edecek kötü vücut kokusuyla ilgili aşırı zihinsel uğraşı, bu koku nedeniyle utanç duyma ile yoğun sıkıntı sonucunda sosyal ortamlardan kaçınma ve izolasyon ile karakterize bir sendromdur. Var olmayan bu koku için sıklıkla özür diler ve kendilerini bu kokudan kurtaracak çeşitli etkinlikler içine girerler. Hastalar sıklıkla toplum içine çıkmaz, sosyal ve mesleki etkileşimlerini kısıtlarlar. Bu yazıda vücudundan kötü koku yaydığı sanrısı ve bunun neden olduğu depresyon belirtileri ile ciddi kaçınma davranışları ve sosyal içe çekilmesi olan 14 yaşında bir kız ergen olgu sunulmuştur. Hasta risperidon 2 mg/gün ve sertralin 50 mg/gün tedavisine olumlu yanıt vermiştir.The olfactory reference syndrome is a psychiatric disorder in which the patients feel they are emitting body odors that might be offensive to other people. They often apologize for the nonexistent odor and engage in activities to rid themselves of the odor. Patients often limit their public appearances and restrict their social and occupational encounters. We present a case of 14 year- old female adolescent who had delusion of emitting a foul body odor, which caused significant symptoms of depression, avoidance behaviors and social isolation. She responded favorably to a combination of 50 mg/d sertraline and 2 mg/d risperidone therapy

Relationship Between Obsessive Beliefs, Suicidal Ideation, and Biological Rhythm in Patients with Depressive Disorder

Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between obsessive beliefs, suicide behavior, and biological rhythm in patients with depressive disorder.Methods: A total of 100 patients and 100 controls were included in the study. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire, the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire, and the Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry were used to assess the participants. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).Results: A higher level of obsessive belief was found in the depressive disorder patients compared with the control group. A positive relationship was determined between obsessive beliefs and suicide behavior and biological rhythm, but no relationship was seen between obsessive beliefs and suicide.Conclusion: The study results indicate that there is a relationship between the obsessive beliefs of depressive patients and their biological rhyth

Relationship Between Obsessive Beliefs, Suicidal Ideation, and Biological Rhythm in Patients with Depressive Disorder

Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between obsessive beliefs, suicide behavior, and biological rhythm in patients with depressive disorder.Methods: A total of 100 patients and 100 controls were included in the study. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire, the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire, and the Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry were used to assess the participants. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).Results: A higher level of obsessive belief was found in the depressive disorder patients compared with the control group. A positive relationship was determined between obsessive beliefs and suicide behavior and biological rhythm, but no relationship was seen between obsessive beliefs and suicide.Conclusion: The study results indicate that there is a relationship between the obsessive beliefs of depressive patients and their biological rhyth

Towards a comprehensive tobacco-cessation approach: A pilot-training using simulation based-learning among medical students in Türkiye

Dear Editor, Tobacco control (TC) is underpinned in two main strategies: preventing youth initiation and promoting tobacco cessation among users1 . Healthcare professionals (HCPs), and specially physicians, should lead TC advocacy efforts, emphasize their role as TC leaders and exemplars, and disseminate TC and tobacco-cessation training, both at undergraduate and postgraduate level