High osmolar contrast medium causes mild oxidation in liver, bladder, and ovary tissues from rats: vitamin C has protective role

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of ionic highosmolar contrast medium on oxidative metabolism in liver, urinary bladder, and ovary tissues and to obtain information about possible protective effects of vitamin C. Twenty-one female rats, 14 weeks old, were used in this study. They were divided into three groups of seven rats: Sham (group I), contrast (group II), contrast ? vitamin C (group III). Vitamin C was given orally to the animals in group III during the study period. On the fifth day, contrast medium was given via intravenous infusion as a single dose to the animals in groups II and III. On the sixth day of the study, the animals were killed with anesthesia by ketamine hydrochloride. Then, their liver, bladder, and ovary tissues were removed to measure analyses parameters. Our results suggested that contrast medium led to some increases in malondialdehyde levels in the liver, bladder, and ovary tissues and that vitamin C prevented these increases in the tissues. Nitric oxide level also was found to increase in the contrast-treated animals and vitamin C prevented this increase in the liver tissue. Ionic high-osmolar contrast medium leads to weak oxidant stress in rat liver, bladder, and ovary tissues, and vitamin C prevents this oxidant stress

Behavior of HepG2 liver cancer cells using microfluidic-microscopy: a preliminary study

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common types of liver cancer causing death all over the world. Although early-stage liver cancer can sometimes be treated with partial hepatectomy, liver transplantation, ablation, and embolization, sorafenib treatment is the only approved systemic therapy for advanced HCC. The aim of this research is to develop tools and methods to understand the individuality of hepatocellular carcinoma. Microfluidic cell-culture platform has been developed to observe behavior of single-cells; fluorescence microscopy has been implemented to investigate phenotypic changes of cells. Our preliminary data proved high-level heterogeneity of hepatocellular carcinoma while verifying limited growth of liver cancer cell lines on the silicon wafer

Masseter Muscle Thickness and Maxillofacial Morphology - A Pilot Study

The aim of this study was to investigate how the thickness of the masseter muscle relates to the maxillofacial morphology, including the thickness of alveolar process in the mandibular incisor region, and the thickness of the mandibular symphysis. The subjects consisted of 25 volunteers of whom consisted of 17 females and 8 males (mean age: 21 years 3 months). The relationship between masseter muscle thickness and the maxillofacial skeleton was investigated by measuring the former by ultrasonograpy and the latter by roentgenographic cephalometry. Five angular and ten linear measurements were traced. The data were analysed using multiple regression analysis. According to the present study, the masseter muscle thickness was 9.7±1.6mm in the relaxed state and 12.5±1.7mm during clenching. The results of the multiple regression analysis showed that masseter muscle thickness in the clenching state was only significantly correlated with the “ramus inclination to SN” angle (p<0.05). Therefore it is suggested that the limited masticatory forces dont influence the maxillofacial morphology

Effect of re-approximation of the rectus muscles on diastasis recti abdominis at cesarean section — a prospective cross-sectional study

Objectives: Caesarean section (CS) is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures in the world and Turkey. Inthis study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between re-approximation of the rectus muscles during CS and the severityof diastasis recti abdominis in the first postoperative month. To investigate the relationship between re-approximationof the rectus muscles during CS and the severity of diastasis recti abdominis in the first postoperative month.Material and methods: The study was designed as a prospective cross-sectional study. Patients were divided into twogroups: parietal peritoneum closure only (Group 1), and closure of the parietal peritoneum and re-approximation of rectusmuscle (Group 2). The distance between the rectus muscles and the thickest rectus muscle thickness were measuredone month after CS from three anatomic regions using superficial ultrasonography by the same blinded physician. Theanatomic regions were described as xiphoid, 3 cm above the umbilicus, and 2 cm below the umbilicus. The relation of themeasurements between the groups was evaluated.Results: There was a total of 128 patients, 64 in Group 1 and 64 in Group 2. There were no statistical differences betweenthe groups in terms of the distance between rectus muscles and the thickness of rectus muscle at the described anatomicregions (p &gt; 0.05).Conclusion: Re-approximation of rectus muscles has no effect on the prevention of diastasis recti, which is an importantcosmetic problem

Outcomes of high-risk breast lesions diagnosed using image-guided core needle biopsy: results from a multicenter retrospective study

PURPOSEThe clinical management of high-risk lesions using image-guided biopsy is challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the rates at which such lesions were upgraded to malignancy and identify possible predictive factors for upgrading high-risk lesions.METHODSThis retrospective multicenter analysis included 1.343 patients diagnosed with high-risk lesions using an image-guided core needle or vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB). Only patients managed using an excisional biopsy or with at least one year of documented radiological follow-up were included. For each, the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category, number of samples, needle thickness, and lesion size were correlated with malignancy upgrade rates in different histologic subtypes. Pearson’s chi-squared test, the Fisher–Freeman–Halton test, and Fisher’s exact test were used for the statistical analyses.RESULTSThe overall upgrade rate was 20.6%, with the highest rates in the subtypes of intraductal papilloma (IP) with atypia (44.7%; 55/123), followed by atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) (38.4%; 144/375), lobular neoplasia (LN) (12.7%; 7/55), papilloma without atypia (9.4%; 58/611), flat epithelial atypia (FEA) (8.7%; 10/114), and radial scars (RSs) (4.6%; 3/65). There was a significant relationship between the upgrade rate and BI-RADS category, number of samples, and lesion size Lesion size was the most predictive factor for an upgrade in all subtypes.CONCLUSIONADH and atypical IP showed considerable upgrade rates to malignancy, requiring surgical excision. The LN, IP without atypia, pure FEA, and RS subtypes showed lower malignancy rates when the BI-RADS category was lower and in smaller lesions that had been adequately sampled using VAB. After being discussed in a multidisciplinary meeting, these cases could be managed with follow-up instead of excision

Marka yönetiminin satınalma davranışı üzerindeki etkileri

Tüketici için pazara sunulmuş her üründe kıran kırana bir markalar savaşı yaşıyoruz. Sınırsız marka konumlandırma stratejileri içerisinde hergün yüzlerce mesaj bombardıman ı altında kalan biz tüketicilerin, bu durumdan ne derece etkilendiği, nasıl yönlendirildiği, neredeyse bizim adımıza karar verip ihtiyaçlarımızı ayağımıza kadar getiren marka yöneticilerinin ne tür verilerle yola çıktığı bu araştırmada irdelenmektedir. Marka, satınalma davranışı, insan psikolojisi, marka değeri ve yönetimi pazarlama kavramı çerçevesinde açıklanmıştır. Markalar ile kuşatıldığımız ve artık yaşantımızda markasız ürünlere yer olmadığı önemli bir gerçektir. We are the withnesses of a war of brand which presented for the consumers in the market. Hundreds of brand positioning strategies bombs the consumers wih hundreds of mesages every minute. This study researches how consumers react, how they effected, the brand mangers who any moment decides our needs for us, uses what kind of datas. Brand is determined by consumers behaviors, human psychology, brand value, bramd managment and marketing strategies.We are surrounded by brands and there is no non-branded product in our life

5, 6, 7 ve 8. Sınıf Türkçe Ders Kitaplarındaki Metinlerin Bibliyoterapi Açısından İncelenmesi

Kitaplarla sağaltım, iyileştirme, tedavi anlamına gelen bibliyoretapi, metinler aracılığıyla bireyin kişilik gelişimine katkı sağlamak, sorunlarını tanıyıp çözmesine yardımcı olmak ve meydana gelebilecek sorunların oluşmasını önlemek için kitaplardan yararlanılan bir terapi yöntemidir. Bibliyoterapinin temel aracı kitaplar ve metinler olduğundan, bu yöntemin eğitim ortamında kullanılabileceği en uygun ders, Türkçe dersidir. Bir durum çalışması olan bu araştırmanın amacı%253B 5, 6, 7 ve 8. sınıf Türkçe ders kitaplarındaki metinlerde bulunan bibliyoterapik unsurları tespit etmektir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın incelenen dokümanlarını, 2014-2015 eğitim öğretim yılında okutulan MEB Yayınlarına ait 5, 6, 7 ve 8. sınıf Türkçe ders kitaplarında bulunan 156 metin oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak Erdemir (2016) tarafından geliştirilen ve masal türündeki metinlerdeki bibliyoterapik unsurları belirleme amacı taşıyan 15 maddelik rubriğin, uzman görüşleri doğrultusunda yeniden düzenlenmesiyle oluşturulan 20 maddelik Bibliyoterapik Unsur Rubriği kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, içerik analizi tekniğiyle çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, 5, 6, 7 ve 8. sınıf Türkçe ders kitaplarındaki metinlerde toplam 386 bibliyoterapik unsur tespit edilmiştir. Bu bibliyoterapik unsurların sınıflara göre dağılımına bakıldığında, beklenilenin aksine, sınıf seviyesi yükseldikçe metinlerdeki bibliyoterapik unsurların azaldığı görülmüştür. En sık rastlanan bibliyoterapik unsurlar sırasıyla yeni değerler, tutumlar ve davranışlar geliştirme, çevreyi, toplumu ve dünyayı tanıma, millî ve manevi değerlere sahip olmadır. Ebeveyn ve çocuklar arasındaki çatışmaların çözüme ulaşması unsuruna hiçbir metinde rastlanmamıştır. Araştırma sonuçları, Türkçe derslerinde gelişimsel bibliyoterapi yönteminin uygulanmasında 5, 6, 7 ve 8. sınıf Türkçe ders kitaplarındaki metinlerden yararlanılabileceğini göstermiştir

Genitive suffix +nI in Chagatai Turkish

Kelime grupları ve cümle içinde isimlerin diğer isimlerle bağlantı kurduğu hâl olarak tanımlanabilen ilgi hâli, iki isim arasında kurduğu bu bağlantıyı Çağatay Türkçesinin klasik öncesi ve klasik dönem eserlerinde genellikle +nIŋ/+nUŋ ekiyle yapmış, klasik sonrası dönem eserlerinde ise daha çok +nI eki kullanılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda çalışmamızda yükleme hâli eki ile de sesteş özellikler gösteren +nI ilgi hâli eki fonetik özellikleri, kullanılış şekilleri ve işlevleri bakımından incelenecek, söz konusu ekin, görüldüğü diğer Türk lehçelerindeki görünümleri üzerinde de durulacaktır.Genitive case in Turkish, which can be identified as the form connecting noun phrases and nouns with other nouns in a sentence, was formed in pre-classical and classical period literary works of Chagatai Turkish with +nIŋ/+nUŋ suffix whereas +nI suffix was rather used in post-classical period works. In this respect, our study analyses the phonetic features of +nI suffix, which possess homonymous properties with demonstrative form suffix, and its usage forms and functions, and also the presence of the said suffix in other dialects of Turkish will be examined

The sound /n/ in the infection of 3rd person singular in the local dialects of Nevşehir and other Anatolian dialects

Türk dilinde /n/ türemesi ile ilgili pek çok durum ve olay vardır. Buna ait türeme olaylarından bir kısmının sebebi aydınlatılmış, bir kısmı ise belirsizliğini korumaktadır. Henüz aydınlatılamayan /n/ türemesi olaylarından biri de, bazı Anadolu Ağızlarında fiillerin teklik 3. şahıs çekimlerinde görülen /n/ sesidir. Bu çalışmada Nevşehir ve diğer Anadolu Ağızlarında fiillerin teklik 3. şahıs çekimlerinde ortaya çıkan /n/ sesinin türeme olup olmadığı üzerinde durulacaktır.There are many examples and cases of the epithesis of /n/ sound in Turkish Language. The cause of some of these cases has been clarified while there exist some examples which remain unclarified yet. For example, one of the hitherto unclarified cases of the epithesis of /n/ sound is the one observed in the infection of 3rd person singular in some Anatolian dialects. This study focuses on whether the /n/ sound emerging during the infection of the 3rd person singular in the local dialects of Nevşehir and other Anatolian dialects is a case of epithesis or not