Role of Cinematography in Anticorruption Enlightenment: Global Experience

Objective: to conduct a comprehensive interdisciplinary legal study of the role of cinematography in anti-corruption enlightenment of citizens.Methods: a structural and functional approach to the interpretation of society as a connection of subsystems, in which cinematography is a part of the cultural subsystem, while anti-corruption policy refers simultaneously to the public subsystem (enlightenment) and the state subsystem (politics). The chosen approach determines a set of specific research methods, such as a critical analysis of theoretical literature on corruption behavior and on the relationship between a viewer and a cinematography product in conjunction with an empirical study of various cases in the form of films and film projects devoted to anti-corruption topics.Results: the analysis of the mechanisms of building the relationships between a viewer and cinematography allowed identifying the possibilities of cinematography to have a long-term impact on a viewer, due not only to the technical capabilities of cinematography, but also to the psychobiological mechanisms of man. By the example of specific projects, the expediency of using cinema as an anti-corruption enlightenment tool was proved and justified. In particular, if the relevant messages are laid in the plot of a feature film, then, thanks to mirror neurons and human thinking mechanisms, they can serve educational purposes and demonstrate the consequences of corrupt behavior. It is important not to intimidate the audience with the horrors of living with corruption, but to show a positive way out and scenarios of living without it. This can lead to an increase in civic engagement, to an increase in interest in the issue under discussion, as well as to an increase in ratings of trust in the state.Scientific novelty: the article proves the inexpediency of evaluating cinema solely as a form of entertainment, and for the first time examines examples of the practical application of cinema for anti-corruption policy and enlightenment by comparing approaches used in different countries.Practical significance: the main conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and practical activities when developing long-term strategies and programs of anti-corruption enlightenment, as well as in the framework of cinematographic activities to assess the long-term consequences of the demonstrated film narrative

ОПЛАТА НОВЫХ ДОРОГОСТОЯЩИХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИИ НА ОСНОВЕ СОГЛАШЕНИЙ ПО РАЗДЕЛЕНИЮ РИСКОВ: ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

The article sets out the results of analysis of existing models of risk sharing agreements, which are used in foreign countries at reimbursement of costs for public drug supply. The author estimates the opportunities to use risk sharing agreements in theRussian Federation, taking into consideration the existing legislative environment. The role of medical technologies evaluation system is regarded as one of the elements of decision system, which element is necessary for introduction of risk sharing agreements. The article also proposes the specific amendments to applicable law, which are to be made for successful introduction of risk sharing agreement in theRussian FederationВ статье представлены результаты анализа существующих моделей соглашений о разделении рисков, применяемых в зарубежных странах при возмещении затрат на лекарственное обеспечение населения. Оценены возможности использования соглашений о разделении рисков в Российской Федерации с учетом существующего нормативно-правового обеспечения. Рассмотрена роль системы оценки медицинских технологий, как одного из элементов системы принятия решений, необходимого для внедрения соглашений о разделении рисков. Также предложены конкретные изменения в существующее законодательство, которое необходимо произвести для успешного внедрения соглашений о разделении рисков в Российской Федерации.

Videogames: escapism or an effective tool for anticorruption enlightenment?

Objective: to analyze video games with anticorruption components and to make a conclusion of the possibility to use them in anticorruption education with various mechanics, plots and narratives.Methods: analysis and summarization of the narrative of commercial video games, studies of the scientific literature and research aimed at revealing the influence of video games on a player’s cognitive abilities, as well as studying the possibilities of using video games in education and enlightenment allowed us to assume that video games may be used as an auxiliary instrument for anticorruption enlightenment.Also, we analyzed the audience of video games players to determine its relevancy for the goals of anticorruption education. According to the goals of anticorruption education identified by us, namely: ability to distinguish corruption and its types, developing negative attitude to corruption and positive attitude to a whistle-blower, illustration of short-term and long-term consequences of corruption – we performed a critical analysis of the video games narrative in order to identify the ones most appropriate for anticorruption education.Results: in the work, we studied the educational potential of video games and determined the efficiency level of their influence of the educational process. By the example of particular game projects, we proved in practice the expediency of using video games as a tool of anticorruption education.Scientific novelty: the article proves inexpediency of assessing video games exclusively as a form of escapism and, for the first time, specifies the examples of practical implementation of commercial video games, not being training programs or simulators, for organization of anticorruption education.Practical significance: the main conclusions of the article can be used in practical activity when developing long-term strategies and programs of anticorruption education, as well as within the activity of developing video games to assess longterm consequences of the narrative used

Spin-orbital Conversion of Bessel Light Beams By Liquid Crystal Elements

For the first time, the spin-orbital conversion of the linearly polarized Bessel beams in the process of their propagation in the electrically-controlled liquid crystal cell has been realized experimentally. Variations in the polarization, phase, and spatial structure of the beam have been analyzed. It has been shown that, when a Bessel beam is propagating along the liquid crystal director, the generated beam is orthogonally polarized, whereas the topological charge is varied by two unities. Keywords: Bessel light beams, spin-orbital conversion; liquid crystal

High pressures, low temperatures, and magnetic field effects on AgFeAsSe3 and AgFeSbSe3 properties

A procedure for synthesizing AgFeAsSe3 and AgFeSbSe3 is presented, and their electric and magnetic properties are investigated over a wide range of temperatures, pressures, and magnetic field variation. At 100-400K, the samples are characterized by semiconductor properties. Under pressures of ∼25 and ∼24 GPa, the electric properties of AgFeAsSe 3 and AgFeSbSe3 change greatly. © 2013 Allerton Press, Inc

VARIANCE OF BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF OPPORTUNISTIC STAPHYLOCOCCUS UNDER NEGATIVE AERO IONS INFLUENCE

The aim. of this research was to study some changes of staphylococcus biological properties under negative aero ions influence and lactobacillus. We applied a disco-diffuse method for detection of bacterial sensitivity to antimicrobials and. evaluated of the minimal inhibitory concentration by bacteriologic analyzer. Then we studied impact of negative aeroions flow on both isolated staphylococcus culture and. mixed with lactobacilli. Aeroions flow inhibits staphylococcal growth, decrease its sensitivity to antibiotics in vitro both in isolated culture, and. mixed with lactobacilli. Combined application of probiotics and. negative aeroions could be a new approach for changes of antimicrobial sensitivity

Prospects for the use of <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> toxin in cancer therapy

Cancer is one of the major causes of death in pet animals and humans worldwide. The contraindications and side effects associated with conventional cancer therapies heighten the importance of research aimed at finding new ways to combat cancer. One of the promising methods for the treatment of oncological diseases is the use of components of bacterial toxins, in particular the toxins of Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax. Lethal factor is the main virulence factor of the anthrax pathogen, which is a zinc-dependent metalloprotease, the substrate for which is intracellular MAPK signaling pathways widely present in cancer cells. This review focuses on discussing the experience of foreign researchers in the application of Bacillus anthracis lethal factor in cancer therapy. The paper presents data from the studies that characterize the structure and functions of the lethal factor, reflect the results of its application on cancer cells both as a part of anthrax toxin and as a separate unit, reveal its therapeutic potential. The analysis of literature demonstrated good prospects for the potential use of the lethal factor to combat such types of cancer as liver, lung, colon, breast, pancreatic, ovarian, prostate, stomach and nervous system cancers. However, despite the impressive results, further in-depth research is needed in this area concerning selection of optimum doses of the lethal factor, determination of sensitivity of different types of cancer to it, investigation of its effects on other body tissues and interaction with the immune system during therapy