Plastic tubing protects flexible copper hose

Flexible copper purge and coolant hoses is covered with a high-temperature shrinkable plastic for protection against severe vibration during rocket engine tests. This type of tubing is being used on all flexible water tubes used in F-1 engine tests

A survey of speech education in the high schools of California

Perhaps the first justification for the inclusion of speech in today’s curriculum is the very evident predominance of oral communication in our lives. Painter has pointed out that “oral communication is the vehicle for 90 percent of the exchange of ideas.” A second justification for the belief that speech education is important today lies in the fact that our country is a democracy. Democracy is essentially a government by talk, a government in which problems are not settled by force, but in which problems are talked out of existence or into solution. Long ago Aristotle identified communication with political freedom under law and with sound ethics. “Communication is for the preservation and progress of a free society and for a good society.” The schools of the United States have an obligation to train their students in a thorough understanding of democratic principles and ideals. A third justification for speech education lies in the statement, “Speech makes the man; speech is the man.” Speech reflects the increasing stature of an effective individual. Speech education contributes to the two basic aims of all education: self-realization of the individual and social adjustment of the individual. Frequently interpersonal relationships are ineffective because people cannot or will not communicate clearly. This study is a research project attempting to ascertain the status of speech education in the public high schools of the State of California in the spring semester of 1954. It is hoped that the data herein presented will prove of value both to students who are preparing to teach speech and to teacher training departments. The opening chapter attempts to establish the importance of speech in education both through a brief historical record of the existence of speech in education and through four justifications for its inclusion in today’s curriculum

Designing a Green Roof for Ireland

A model is presented for the gravity-driven flow of rainwater descending through the soil layer of a green roof, treated as a porous medium on a at permeable surface representing an efficient drainage layer. A fully saturated zone is shown to occur. It is typically a thin layer, relative to the total soil thickness, and lies at the bottom of the soil layer. This provides a bottom boundary condition for the partially saturated upper zone. It is shown that after the onset of rainfall, well-defined fronts of water can descend through the soil layer. Also the rainwater flow is relatively quick compared with the moisture uptake by the roots of the plants in the roof. In a separate model the exchanges of water are described between the (smaller-scale) porous granules of soil, the roots and the rainwater in the inter-granule pores

A first-year middle school science teacher\u27s experiences navigating science content in a Dual Language Immersion Program

Dual Language Immersion Programs (DLIPs) are offered as a way to address the needs of the students in our classrooms with a primary language other than English and a way to promote multilingualism for both English learners and native-English speakers. This study examined a first-year middle school science teacher\u27s experi- ence teaching in a DLIP. The authors focused on the teacher\u27s challenges and how he handled the tensions between teaching science content and addressing issues of language development in a DLIP classroom envi- ronment. Based on classroom observations, pre- and post-year interviews, and weekly teacher reflections, themes emerged that reveal the teacher\u27s concern with teaching science in Spanish, the need for support from both administration and science content and DLIP mentors, students\u27 willingness to use Spanish, and the teacher\u27s lack of familiarity with DLIP curriculum and pedagogy, particularly in regard to balancing the teaching of content and language. This study provides implications for both teacher preparation programs and for DLIP school administrators

Better beef from specialised breeds?

Den svenska nötköttsproduktionen baseras till ca 80 % på djur av mjölkras. Samtidigt blir det allt vanligare med rasmärkt kött ute i matbutikerna. Frågan är då om det finns några skillnader i kvalitet mellan kött från mjölk- och köttraser? Begreppet köttkvalitet omfattar många egenskaper men med fokus främst på köttets mörhet, marmorering, smak och saftighet. Utfodring, skötsel, slaktmognad och hängningstid är några faktorer som påverkar köttets slutliga kvalitet. Det är dock inte bara miljöfaktorer som har betydelse för köttkvaliteten, det finns även genetiska skillnader i köttkvalitet inte bara mellan mjölk- och köttraser utan även mellan olika köttraser. Bland annat skiljer sig mängden av enzymet calpastatin i muskler, vilket har inverkan på köttets mörhet. En större mängd calpastatin ger ett segare kött. Köttets mörhet skiljer sig under de första dagarna efter slakt mellan raser, där köttraser har visat sig ha ett mörare kött. Efter det att man låtit slaktkroppen hänga ytterligare en tid minskade skillnaderna. De skillnader man finner är att kött från mjölkraser, som holstein och friesian, har en högre grad av marmorering och ett gulare fett än köttraser, som charolais och hereford, vilka i sin tur har en mindre mängd kollagen än mjölkraser. Det finns alltså skillnader mellan mjölk- och köttraser gällande vissa köttkvalitetsegenskaper men med hjälp av metoder som förbättrar köttets mörhet, till exempel optimering av hängningstiden, kan skillnaderna utjämnas och ett kött som håller hög kvalitet erhållas oavsett ras