THE THERAPEUTIC AND NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF GREEN TEA IN A RAT MODEL OF TERLIPRESSIN-INDUCED CHRONIC HYPONATREMIA

Objective: Hyponatremia (HN) is associated with mortality and morbidity risks due to the development of hyponatremic encephalopathy. Its rapid correction also carries a high risk of development of the serious cerebral disorder. This study investigated the possible therapeutic and neuroprotective effects of the green tea (GT) extract against HN and its complications in rats and compared those effects with the outcome of the rapid correction of chronic HN using hypertonic saline (HtNaCl). Methods: Chronic HN was induced using terlipressin (TP; 0.2 mg/kg, s. c) and 2.5% d-glucose solution (equivalent to 5% initial bw/day, i. p) for 3 d. A stabilizing dose of TP (0.1 mg/kg) was used for the following 3 d, along with administration of either saline, GT (600 mg/kg/day, p. o), or HtNaCl (15 ml/kg/day, i. p). Serum sodium level, locomotor activity, pain reflex, and brain contents of iNOS and NO were assessed, together with a histopathological examination of brain tissues. Results: TP-induced profound chronic HN that was corrected with administration of GT and HtNaCl. In a GT-treated group, correction of HN was coupled with improvement of TP-induced alteration of locomotor activity and brain histopathological picture. Elevation of brain iNOS and NO contents, along with detection of focal cellular necrosis and gliovascular proliferation changes in the HtNaCl-treated group indicated neuro pathological complications are accompanying the correction of HN with HtNaCl; a result that was not found in the GT-treated group. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that GT corrected HN induced by TP in rats, and protected against the neuropathological features that characterized hyponatremic encephalopathy and accompanied with its rapid correction. Keywords: Green tea, Terlipressin, Hyponatremia, Hyponatremic encephalopathy, iNOS, RatÂ

Oxidation of Low Valent Sulphur Compounds with Lead Tetraacetate: Part II- Potentiometric Determination of Pb(IV) Acetate by Reduction with Thiosulphate or Metabisulphite

195-19

A case report of recurrent spontaneous coronary artery dissection and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: a treatment dilemma

Background: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an uncommon cause of acute coronary syndrome in younger females with no pre-existing history of coronary artery disease. Recurrent SCAD is common after a first episode and can involve the same coronary artery or present as a new dissection unrelated to the initial lesion. Current recommendations advise for a conservative approach in the absence of haemodynamic compromise and flow limitations. Conversely, there are no clear guidelines for the management of early recurrent SCAD. Case summary: A 52-year-old woman with history of obesity, asthma, and prediabetes presented with chest pain and electrocardiogram (ECG) showing inferior wall ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Coronary angiography revealed proximal right coronary artery (RCA) dissection and distal left anterior descending artery (LAD) dissection, while left ventriculogram showed Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC). Angiography revealed no flow limitations so conservative management was pursued. She returned within a couple of days with recurrent chest pain and ECG showing similar findings of inferior STEMI. Repeat angiography confirmed progression of the proximal RCA SCAD with resolution of distal LAD SCAD. Since flow through the distal RCA was still preserved, conservative medical management was continued. She presented a third time for palpitations only and another repeat coronary angiogram showed healing RCA SCAD. Discussion: Management of early recurrent SCAD continues to be a clinical dilemma. In addition, our patient had features of TC which shares a similar clinical risk factor profile with SCAD thus it may be prudent to further investigate for TC in patients presenting with SCAD and have suggestive features of TC on history and echocardiography

Oxidation of Low Valent Sulphur Compounds with Lead Tetraacetate: Part III- Determination of Tri- & Tetrathionates & the Redox Potential of Sulphate- Trithionate System

812-81

Clinical Anxiety among Saudi Postgraduate Pediatric Dentistry Students in Jeddah City

Objective. To determine anxiety in relation to gender, Grade Point Average (GPA), level of education and academic and clinical situations in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Also, to identify academic and clinical anxiety levels among postgraduate pediatric dentistry students. Methods. A cross-sectional study at governmental training hospitals was conducted. All registered postgraduate students in pediatric dental programs during the year 2015-2016 were included in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed electronically to 60 postgraduate pediatric dentistry students aged between 25 and 45 years old. The questionnaire is composed of 55 questions that investigated demographic data, academic and clinical related situations including investigations, diagnosis, treatment, and complications in treatment. Results. The study showed a higher anxiety level in younger age dental students (76.7% compared to 23.3%) and Saudi board residents (60%). Comparing gender differences in anxiety revealed that a significant difference (P≤0.05) was found and anxiety seems to be more among female dental students (2% very anxious, 64% slightly anxious, and 34% not anxious) as compared to male dental students (8% very anxious, 69% slightly anxious, and 23% not anxious). Conclusions. There was increased awareness, detailed understanding, and handling of the patients by senior postgraduate pediatric dentistry students compared to junior students

EFFECT OF SPRAYING WITH ORGANIC ACIDS AND VERNALIZATION ON GROWTH, PRODUCTION AND CHEMICAL CONTENT OF HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA L. PLANT

This experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Research Station of the Agricultural Research Center in Gemmayzeh, Gharbia Governorate, Egypt during the two consecutive summer seasons of 2019 and 2020, with the aim to evaluate the effect of vernalization and some organic acids (citric and ascorbic acids) on roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) plants. The combined treatments were as follows, NPK 100% only (cont.) + vernalization (T1), cont. + non-vernalization (T2), ascorbic acid in addition to NPK 50% (AA) + vernalization (T3), AA + non-vernalization (T4), citric acid in addition to NPK 50% (CA) + vernalization (T5), CA + non-vernalization (T6), AA + CA + vernalization (T7), AA + CA + non-vernalization (T8). It was found that the effect of vernalization and some organic acids on plants gave highly significant values compared to control on all tested vegetative growth traits and chemical measurements. The best spraying treatments were recorded by citric acid on most vegetative measurements i.e. plant height (cm), weight of 100 seeds (g), fixed oil % etc. The vernalization recorded the best results on all parameters under study. Regarding the combined treatments between these two factors, the highest values of the studied characteristics (vegetative growth traits, fixed oil % and the organic acid i.e. stearic and linoleic acids) were obtained by T7 and T5. In general, applying T7 (ascorbic + citric acids (in addition to NPK 50%) + vernalization) is recommended to obtain the best results for the most studied measurements of roselle

New Mixed Ligand Complexes of Ditertiary Phosphanes with Ni(II) Alkylxanthates

Mixed Iigand complexes of Ni(II) with alkylxanthates and ditertiary phosphanes of the composition Ni(ROCSSb(diphoshhave been prepared, where R = methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and cyclohexyl and diphos = bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dpe) and bis- (diphenylphosphino)butane (dpb). The newly prepared compounds were characterized on the basis of chemical analyses, infrared and electronic spectra, lH-NMR, molar conductance, and thermal analysis. A square planar structure was proposed for the complexes

Novel quinazoline and acetamide derivatives as safe anti-ulcerogenic agent and anti-ulcerative colitis activity

Two novel quinazoline derivatives named as; 3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylidene)-amino]-2-p-tolyl3H-quinazolin-4-one (5) and 2-p-Tolyl-3-[3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzylidene-amino]-3H-quinazolin-4-one (6) in addition to one acetamide derivative named as 2-(2-Hydroxycarbonylphenylamino)-N-(4- aminosulphonylphenyl) 11 were synthesized, and evaluated for their anti-ulcerogenic & AntiUlcerative colitis activities. All of the three compounds showed curative activity against acetic acid induced ulcer model at a dose of 50 mg/kg, they produced 65%, 85% & 57.74% curative ratio for compounds 5, 6 & 11 respectively. The effect of the tested compounds 5, 6 & 11 at dose 50 mg/kg were significantly (P < 0.01) more effective than dexamesathone (0.1 mg/kg) in reducing all parameters. Compounds showed curative activity of for peptic ulcer (induced by absolute alcohol (at a dose of 50 mg/kg, it produced Curative of control ulcer 56.00%, 61.70% & 87.1% for compounds 5, 6 & 11 respectively at dose 50 mg/kg, while the standard drug (Omeprazole 20 mg/kg) produced 33.3%. In both tests, the activity of our target compounds were higher than the standard drugs used for treatment of peptic ulcer and ulcerative colitis. No side effects were reported on liver and kidney functions upon prolonged oral administration of this compounds

Anti-ulcerogenic and anti-ulcerative colitis (UC) activities of seven amines derivatives

The Novel target compounds (CP-1-7) were synthesized and tested at doses up to 1000mg/kg for their entitled activities. They exerted promising results without any behavioral changes and mortality in mice. Therefore, according to the results obtained in our study, it could be categorized as highly safe agents for treating UC since substances possessing LD50 higher than 50mg/kg are considered nontoxic. They also possessed a potent anti-ulcerogenic activity with different potentials. The most effective compound was CP-4, it produced 97.7% ulcer protection of control followed by CP-3, which produced 90.3% protection, while the standard drug ranitidine (100mg/kg) produced 49.2% protection. Compound CP-1 showed lowest activity among the current series, it produced 55.5% protection. The target compounds were significantly more effective than the standard in reducing ulcer index. The anti-ulcerative colitis activity was tested using acetic acid induced colitis model. The curative effect of the tested compounds at a dose of 50mg/kg oral administration on rats showed a potent anti-ulcerative colitis activity with different potentials. They induced a significant decrease in ulcer score, ulcer area, ulcer index and weight/length of the colon specimens.The percent protection of control colitis ranged from 66.8% for CP-7 to 22.3% for CP-5; however the percent protection for dexamesathone (0.1. mg/kg) was 59.3%. The effect of the tested compounds CP-7 and CP-3 at dose 50. mg/kg were significantly more effective than dexamesathone (0.1. mg/kg) in reducing all parameters.Liver functions were not affected as there is no effect on the activity of both AST and ALT in animals that received the compounds, so the compounds didn't reveal hepatotoxic manifestation. Although, the results on kidney functions showed that, CP-1 slightly elevated blood urea concentration and CP-3 & CP-4 slightly elevated serum creatinine; no apparent nephrotoxic manifestations were recorded