EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK TUMBUHAN RAWA SEBAGAI INSEKTISIDA NABATI TERHADAP HAMA ULAT TRITIP PlutellaXylostella SKALA LABORATORIUM : (Effectiveness Of Swamp Plants Extract As A Botanical Insecticide on Diamondback Moth Plutella Xylostella Laboratory Scale)

ABSTRACT Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella) can attack the shoots and leaves of plants belonging to the Cruciferae family (cabbage, mustard greens, caisin) from seedling to harvesting. The part of the plant that it attacks is the leaf with symptoms of holes. In general, in controlling pests, farmers always partner with chemical insecticides, while in the concept of integrated pest management (IPM), the use of chemical insecticides is the last alternative. To overcome this, pest control is directed to the use of plants as botanical insecticides. From the research, it was found that 9 types of swamp plants had a value of 84.00% that killed the tritip caterpillar, and 3 types that killed 81-82%. The LD50 value of the caterpillar in 10 swamp plant species was classified as moderately toxic (Galam, Cambai Karuk, Gandarusa grass, Pegagan grass, Tawar, Tegari, Melinjo, Kipahit, Maja and Tapak Liman), and 3 other types of swamp plants were mildly toxic ( Jingah, Bidara and Tanduk Rusa). Thus, it is necessary to preserve swamp wild plants so that these plants do not become extinct.   Keywords: Plutella xylostella, swamp plant, botanical insecticide, &nbsp

POTENSI EKSTRAK GALAM SEBAGAI INSEKTISIDA NABATI TERHADAP HAMA KROP KUBIS (Crocidolomia pavonana) SKALA LABORATORIUM

In an effort to increase crop production often faced with pest attacks. Major losses resulting in crop failure can occur if the disturbance is not handled properly. The yield loss due to Crocidolomia pavonana cabbage crop pests is quite high reaching 80%. This pest is often found in every planting season of mustard plants. In addition, this pest is also spread quite widely in dry land and wetlands (tidal swamps and lowland swamps). Pests are generally controlled by chemical insecticides. Excessive use of chemical insecticides will have a negative impact on the environment such as resistance, and killing of natural enemies of pests. As an alternative, plant extracts can be used as natural insecticides in controlling this pest. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of galam extracts against pest cabbage plants C.pavonana. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Pests Disease Research Institute for Swamp Farming Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan in March - September 2018. This study uses a completely randomized design with 3 treatments with plant extracts, 3 treatments without control, and 5 repetitions each. Each treatment uses 15 larvae of C. pavonana instar 2 on fresh mustard leaves. Botanical insecticide is formulated by dissolving solid extracts. The results showed that the use of galam extract can suppress cabbage crop pests with a mortality rate reaching 90.67

APLIKASI INSEKTISIDA NABATI BERBAHAN TANAMAN RAWA UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN HAMA KEDELAI ULAT GRAYAK (Spodoptera litura) DI LAHAN RAWA PASANG SURUT

One type of pest that often attacks soybean plant leaves in tidal swamplands is the armyworm pest. The intensity of leaf damage due to armyworm attack in tidal swamps ranges from 30-95%, and can even lead to crop failure. In controlling pests in soybean plants in general, always rely on chemical insecticides. The use of these chemical insecticides has a negative impact on the environment. To overcome this, the control is directed towards environmentally friendly pest control by utilizing swamp plants as a botanical insecticide. The study used a randomized block design (RBD) with 3 treatments of swamp plant extracts (galam, kirinyuh, kepayang) and 3 controls, namely without control, botanical insecticide made from neem, chemical insecticide with the active ingredient kloraniliprol. The aim of this study was to obtain a swamp plant extract that could be used in controlling armyworm pests (Spodoptera litura). The results showed that the three types of swamp plants could be used as botanical insecticides in controlling armyworm pests, and has an effectiveness value above 70%. The highest effectiveness of botanical insecticides was obtained at the age of 75 DAP, namely Galam (78.29%), Kirinyuh (78.86%) and Kepayang (78.85%)

EKSPLORASI JAMUR AGENS HAYATI DARI RHIZOSFIR DI LAHAN GAMBUT DENGAN POLA TANAM YANG BERBEDA: Exploration of Fungal Biological Agents from the Rhizosphere in Peatlands with different Planting Patterns

There are several ways of cultivating crops that are applied by the community, namely: monoculture, insertion and agroforestry. Differences in the application and management of cropping patterns and the types of plants planted will have a different effect on microbes in the rhizosphere, especially fungi as biological agents. The purpose of this study was to determine the types of fungal biological agents found in the rhizosphere of several plants with different cropping patterns on peatlands. The location of the samples was determined purposively with insert cropping patterns (mustard-sweet corn), mono-culture (sweet corn) and agroforestry (jelutung-soursop). Testing the inhibition of biological agent fungi against Sclerotium rolfsii used a completely randomized design consisting of 7 treatments with 3 replications. The exploration results obtained 7 isolates of biologically active fungi that could inhibit S. rolfsii. The highest inhibition was shown by isolates JSk1 (origin from the rhizosphere of soursop plants), isolates J (origin from the rhizosphere of sweet corn) and JS1 (origin of the rhizosphere of mustard greens). JSk1 and J isolates had an inhibition close to 60%. The results of the identification of JSk1 isolates were the fungus Gliocladium sp1, isolate J the fungus Trichoderma harzianum with competitive inhibitory mechanisms, mycoparasites, antibiosis causing host hyphae to experience malformation, lysis and destruction

TUMBUHAN LIAR RAWA MANGROVE SEBAGAI INSEKTISIDA NABATI TERHADAP HAMA KROP KUBIS DI LAHAN RAWA PASANG SURUT

Mangrove plants that usually grow on tidal swampland are very important as water storage as well as wave retention. Also, these kinds of plants are developed potentially as one source of natural insecticide. The use of botanical insecticide will reduce environmental pollution due to excessive use of chemical pesticides. The study purpose is to determine the effectiveness of extraction from several species of mangrove plants that act potentially as natural insecticides to control cabbage pests in tidal swamplands. The study was carried out using a complete randomized design, 4 treatments and 3 controls (i.e. chemical insecticides, botanical insecticide, and without insecticide), with 5 replications. The results showed that the mangrove species extract of buta-buta, bakau and jeruju as botanical insecticide was effective against cabbage crop pest, with value of average death of caterpillar in range from 86.00 to 86.67%

Pathogenicity of Indigenous Entomopathogen Liquid Formulation to Paddy Bugs Nymphs (Leptocorisa acuta Thunberg)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of bio insecticide liquid formulations made from indigenous entomopathogens against paddy bugs nymphs. The study used a non-factorial Complete Randomized Design with 9 treatments and 1 control with five replications. The treatments studied consisted of E0: Control, E1: Beauveria sp Pky isolate + coconut water (CW), E2: Metarhizium sp isolate Jjt + AK, E3: Beauveria sp isolate Jts + CW, E4: Metarhizium sp isolate Lcc + CW, E5: Beauveria sp Pky isolate + shrimp shell extract (SSE), E6: Metarhizium sp isolate Jjt + SSE, E7: Beauveria sp isolate Jts + SSE, E8: Metarhizium sp isolate Lcc + SSE, E9: Synthetic insecticide b a Carbamate (Dharmabas 500 EC 2 ml L-1). The result showed that liquid bioinsecticide formulations were effective against mortality, infected nymphs and nymph death time. All entomopathogenic fungi isolates were able to cause infections in paddy bugs nymphs of 68% - 84%. Beauveria sp Pky isolate and Metarhizium sp isolate Jjt caused nymph mortality of 72% - 84% and the effectivity did not differ from insecticide b.a. Carbamate. Conidia viability of all entomopathogenic isolates in liquid media within 24 hours reached more than 80%. The fastest time to death of paddy bugs nymph occurred at 5.44 days ( Metarhizium sp. isolate) and 5.92 days (Beauveria sp. isolate) in coconut water media. Metarhizium sp. and Beauveria sp. in the medium of coconut water or shrimp shell extract has a very high potential to be developed as a bio insecticide, but it still needs to be further tested for its effectiveness in field conditions.Keywords: indigenous entomopathogen, coconut water, shrimp shell extract, paddy bugs nymp

KOMUNITAS ARTHROPODA PADA AGROEKOSISTEM JAGUNG MANIS DAN KACANG PANJANG DENGAN DAN TANPA PERLAKUAN INSEKTISIDA DI LAHAN GAMBUT

The purpose of the study was to determine the arthropod communities treat and untreated chemical insecticides on crops of sweet corn and long bean crop in peatland, Kalampangan. The experiment was conducted in area of 210 m2  and divided into 12 experimental plots (each plot was 12 m2). Sampling and sample observations carried out at 2-8 weeks after planting. Sampling using a sweep net to arthropods which are in the crown area and pitfall traps for arthropod at ground level area. On the sweet corn and long bean crop, the results showed arthropods are more common in crop of untreated chemical insecticide than that treated insecticide. Guilds between fitofag, natural enemies of predators and parasitoids and neutral arthropod interaction has occurre

Pemberdayaan Kelompok Tani Hortikultura di Lahan Pasir melalui Pemanfaatan Kayambang (Salvinia molesta) sebagai Trichokompos

Lebak swamp weeds such as Kayambang (Salvinia molesta) grow abundantly. They can be used as compost, which effectively improves soil fertility, increasing nutrients N, P, and P K quickly and environmentally friendly. The effectiveness of compost fertilizer needs to be increased by adding indigenous microbes as decomposers and biological agents to control plant diseases. The activities carried out to empower horticultural farmer groups on sandy land in Tanjung Pinang Village, Palangka Raya are through socialization, training in composting with three types of antagonist fungus Trichoderma sp. (Trichocompost), facilitate the procurement of weed chopping machines, assist farmers in horticultural crop cultivation, and increase farmers' independence in self-supporting organic fertilizers. The use of Kayambang as Trichocompost with microbial decomposers and indigenous biological agents is new knowledge for partner farmers. The application of Trichocompost on the demonstration plots shows that eggplant plant growth and yields are excellent, meaning that Trichocompost can improve the fertility of sandy soils. Farmers participating in the training stated that the use of Trichocompost could reduce farming costs because it can substitute for manure that has been used by farmers and can meet the self-help needs of organic fertilizers. Participants wanted an advanced mentoring program because the farmers had not yet mastered the isolation or propagation of biological agents and decomposer microbes

Application of Aquatic Plants Bokashi on The Growth and Yields of Red Onion (Allium ascalonicum L.)

The objectives of the study are to determine the effect of both type and dosage of aquatic plants bokashi on the growth and yield of red onion in alluvial soil. The research design used was Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of two factors, namely type and the dose of aquatic plants bokashi. The first factor consisted of three types of bokashi, i.e., giant Salvinia (Salvinia molesta), water cabbage (Pistia stratiotes) and water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes), respectively. The second factor were four levels of bokashi dosage which were 0 tons ha-1, 10 tons ha-1 (0.2 kg/polybag), 20 tons ha-1 (0.5 kg/polybag) and 30 tons ha-1 (0.8 kg/polybag). The study was conducted from March to May 2017, located in the greenhouse of the Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Palangka Raya. The results showed that there was no interaction between the type and dose of bokashi on all variables observed. The dosage of bokashi affected plant height, leaf number, fresh weight and dry weight of biomass per clump, dry weight of bulbs and tuber diameter, but did not significantly affect the number of bulbs. The bokashi type did not significantly affect all observed variables. However, the water hyacinth bokashi tended to be better than other treatment

PEMANFAATAN PESTISIDA NABATI DAN REFUGIA DALAM UPAYA PENGENDALIAN HAMA PADA USAHA TANI SAYURAN DI KAWASAN AGROWISATA KELURAHAN KALAMPANGAN

Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat untuk mengedukasi masyarakat tani agar memahami bahwa produk pertanian yang sehat lebih mempunyai nilai tambah, melalui pelatihan pembuatan pestisida nabati dan aplikasinya pada demplot tanaman sayuran, memotivasi masyarakat agar menanam refugia guna meningkatkan daya tarik kawasan wisata juga sebagai sumber pendapatan tambahan keluarga. Metode pelaksanaan dengan memberikan: sosialisasi, pelatihan, pendampingan aplikasi pestisida nabati pada demplot tanaman bawang daun, dan penanaman refugia.   Hasil kegiatan terlihat masyarakat sangat responsif dengan kegiatan pengabdian yang diselenggarakan.  Harapan masyarakat agar kegiatan pelatihan dapat berlanjut, terutama inovasi lainnya tentang teknologi pengendalian hama penyakit dan mengharapkan adanya pendampingan dari penyelenggara. Penerapan pengendalian hama dengan pestisida nabati dan refugia dapat menambah pendapatan keluarga melalui produk pertanian yang sehat dan penjualan tanaman bunga, serta terciptanya kawasan agrowisata petik buah yang asri, semarak dan lebih menarik bagi pengunjung kawasan agrowisata.Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat untuk mengedukasi masyarakat tani agar memahami bahwa produk pertanian yang sehat lebih mempunyai nilai tambah, melalui pelatihan pembuatan pestisida nabati dan aplikasinya pada demplot tanaman sayuran, memotivasi masyarakat agar menanam refugia guna meningkatkan daya tarik kawasan wisata juga sebagai sumber pendapatan tambahan keluarga. Metode pelaksanaan dengan memberikan: sosialisasi, pelatihan, pendampingan aplikasi pestisida nabati pada demplot tanaman bawang daun, dan penanaman refugia.   Hasil kegiatan terlihat masyarakat sangat responsif dengan kegiatan pengabdian yang diselenggarakan.  Harapan masyarakat agar kegiatan pelatihan dapat berlanjut, terutama inovasi lainnya tentang teknologi pengendalian hama penyakit dan mengharapkan adanya pendampingan dari penyelenggara. Penerapan pengendalian hama dengan pestisida nabati dan refugia dapat menambah pendapatan keluarga melalui produk pertanian yang sehat dan penjualan tanaman bunga, serta terciptanya kawasan wisata petik buah yang asri, semarak dan lebih menarik bagi pengunjung kawasan wisata