Effect of sodium alginate concentration on characteristic, viability, and antibacterial activity of probiotic-alginate microparticles

Probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus) has been known as an effective antibacterial activity, however storage, high oxygen levels, and gastric acid condition was generally decrease the probiotic viability. To maintain the probiotics’ viability, extrusion technique was selected to produce microparticles. This technique used sodium alginate polymer and calcium chloride cross linking solution. This research investigated effect of sodium alginate concentration on the physical characteristics, viability and antibacterial activity. Results showed that increasing alginate concentration from 2.5% to 3.5% increased microparticle size (from 15.40µm to 37.53µm). Viability of Lactobacillus acidophillus of all formulas were above 94%, however an increased of alginate concentration did not significantly affect antibacterial activity. The extrusion method demonstrated its potential in encapsulation of Lactobacillus acidophillus for probiotics delivery

Sertifikat Reviewer Jurnal Internasional Bereputasi (Certificate of Reviewing)

Sertifikat Reviewer Jurnal Internasional Bereputas

STUDI PENGARUH EMULGATOR TRIETANOLAMIN-STEARAT TWEEN-SPAN 60, NATRIUM LAURYL SULVAT-CETOSTEARYL ALKOHOL TERHADAP STABILITAS FISIK EMULSI LILIN PARAFIN

ABSTRAK INI MEMBAHAS TENTANG :STUDI PENGARUH EMULGATOR TRIETANOLAMIN-STEARAT TWEEN-SPAN 60, NATRIUM LAURYL SULVAT-CETOSTEARYL ALKOHOL TERHADAP STABILITAS FISIK EMULSI LILIN PARAFI

Optimization Performance and Physical Stability of Ciprofloxacin HCLCa Alginate Microspheres: Effect of Different Concentration of Alginate and CaCl2

Inhalation treatment using antibiotics is an alternative for lung delivery. However, the therapeutic efficacy of inhaled drugs is limited by their rapid clearance in the lungs. Sustained release systems in the lungs can improve therapeutic outcomes of drugs because they can retain the drug load within the lungs and progressively release the drug locally at therapeutic levels. This study presents the formulation strategies to control drug release in the lungs using an alginate polymer-based microspheres system. The microsphere’s composition can be adjusted to modulate release and can encapsulate compounds with high loading. The pulmonary route is commonly used and has been well accepted as a portal for non-invasive drug delivery for many lung diseases. It is explored for decades as an alternative for systemic as well as local drug delivery. The present study explored the in vitro benefits of ciprofloxacin encapsulated in alginate microspheres. The studies included size, morphology, yield, drug loading, and encapsulation efficiency as well as stability. Current results showed small, smooth, and spherical ciprofloxacin-alginate microspheres were produced using aerosolization techniques. Small particles of less than 5µm were formed, which suitable for inhalation particles for lung delivery. High entrapment efficiency up to 95%, loadings of 80%, and a yield of 89% were also showed from microspheres. It was confirmed that all microspheres were stably indicated by no significant changes in morphology, organoleptic, and drug content after 30 days of storage. The recent promising characteristics of microspheres for pulmonary delivery will need further evaluation of the potency against microorganisms in lung disease

Partition Coefficient and Glutathione Penetration of Topical Antiaging: Preformulation Study

Glutathione (GSH) is a broad antioxidant of the thiol-tripeptide group, highly hydrophilic, which has limitation for topical preparations. A lipophilic surfactant is an alternative method to enhance the glutathione partition. The purpose of this study was to determine the apparent partition coefficient (APC log) of glutathione; glutathione with additional surfactant at different HLB value of HLB 4.3; 5.5; 7; 11 and selected HLB was studied for penetration. The study was conducted by dissolving glutathione in water plus various HLB surfactants. Determination method of partition coefficient was done by shake flash method. The penetration test was conducted using the parameter of decreasing Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 expression on the balb-c male skin. The results can be used as a reference for topical glutathione formulations as these results are preformulation study

Formulation, Characteristic Evaluation, Stress Test and Effectiveness Study of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) Expression of Glutathione Loaded Alginate Microspheres and Gel

Background: The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate the stability, characteristics and effectiveness of glutathione-loaded alginate microspheres through increased lipophilicity using surfactant with a Hydrophylic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) value equal to 7. The selection of glutathione as an antioxidant was based on its prominent role in maintaining intracellular redox balance. Alginate was used as the polymer, while calcium chloride constituted a cross-linking agent and Tween and Span were employed as surfactants. Methods: The study applied an ionotropic gelation-aerosolization method. Microspheres were characterized by their morphology, size, drug loading, entrapment efficiency and yield. Stress testing utilized a forced degradation method, while an effectiveness study of glutathione incorporated a Matrix Metalloproteinase I (MMP-1) parameter on mouse skin. Glutathione-microspheres, to which had been added surfactants with a HLB value equal to 7, were compared to those without surfactants. Results: Microspheres demonstrated both high yield and encapsulation efficiency. From the stability study conducted, it was evident that the glutathione-microspheres with additional surfactant were more stable than glutathione with surfactant, but without microspheres. Similarly, the glutathione-microspheres with additional surfactant were more stable than the glutathione without surfactant. The in vivo effectivity showed lipophilic glutathione microspheres were able to decrease MMP-1 expression in the dermis tissue of mice. Conclusion: The results of freeze-dried glutathione-loaded alginate microspheres with surfactant with a HLB value equal to 7 can be utilized as potential glutathione delivery systems

Physical characteristics and release study of ovalbumin from alginate microspheres by different concentration of alginate and BaCl2 using aerosolization technique

Microsphere formulations have been widely used for oral applications. The aim of this research was to study physical characteristics and release study of ovalbumin from alginate microspheres prepared by different concentration of aiginate polymer and BaCI2. This research used concentrations of BaCl2 of 0,5M and 0,75M and concentrations of alginate of 2,5% w/v and 3,5% w/v. Ionotropic gelation using aerosolisation technique was applied in this study. All ovalbumin - loaded alginate microspheres were characterized in terms of size, morphology, protein loading, encapsulation efficiency, yield, and release profile of ovalbumin. In vitro release study was conducted in the simulated gastric fluid (HCI pH 1.2) and simulatedintestinal fluid (PBS pH 7,4) at temperature 370C. Results showed spherical and smooth microspheres were produced. In addition, smaller particle size of less than 8 pm was produced by increasing alginate and BaCl2 concentration. Afactorial design ANOVA and one way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis at a 95% confidence interval. No significant effect was shown by increasing alginate and BaCI2 concentration on the protein loading, encapsulation efficiency, and yield. No significant differences of ovalbumin release were found when increasing concentration of BaCI2 from 0,5M to 0,75M, however ovalbumin release decreased by increasing alginate concentration and slower release in HCI pH 1,2 during 2 hours followed by complete release in PBS pH 7,4after 17 hour

Physical Characteristics of Ovalbumin-Loaded Alginate Microspheres Prepared Using Different Concentration of BaCl2 and Alginate

The use of microspheres nowadays is important in the pharmaceuticals formulation. The aim of the present research was to evaluate physical characteristics of ovalbumin-loaded alginate microspheres using aerosolization technique at various concentrations of alginate and BaCl2 . Alginate microspheres were characterized in terms of encapsulation efficiency, yield, particle size, surface morphology and protein integrity. The comparative study between concentrations of BaCl2 and alginate polymer was investigated. Increasing concentration of alginate polymer from 2.5 to 3.5% reduced their particle size and formed smoother and spherical microspheres. Increasing Ba2+ concentration, simultaneous increased the encapsulation efficiency and yield. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photomicrographs revealed that with the increase in the electrolyte concentration the density of the cross-link is also increased. Smoother surface was demonstrated when the electrolyte concentration is increased from 0.5M to 0.75M. Formula prepared using 0.75M BaCl2 and 3.5% alginate polymer resulted in the highest encapsulation efficiency (92%), the highest microspheres yield (73%) and the smallest microspheres size (3.73µm). Most of the formulations maintain the integrity of ovalbumin after 2 hours incubation in pH 1.2 followed by 8 hours incubation in pH 7.4. The different formulations produced different physical characteristics of ovalbuminloaded alginate microspheres

Physical Characteristics of Erythropoetin Encapsulated into Alginate Polymer Using Aerosolization Technique

The aim of this research was to evaluate physical characteristics of erythropoietin encapsulated into alginate polymer using a microparticle technology called aerosolization technique at different polymer concentrations. Erythropoetin is a model of neuroprotectant drugs. The sodium alginate concentrations used were 1%, 2%, and 3% with 1M cross-linker CaCl2. The physical characteristics in terms of morphology, particle size, swelling index, yield, and structural integrity of erythropoietin-Ca alginate microspheres were determined. Microsphere evaluation included FT-IR, DTA, moisture content, morphology using SEM, particle size distribution using optical microscopy, determination of swelling index, and yield. SDS PAGE electrophoresis was also conducted to evaluate the molecular weight of erythropoietin before and after the microencapsulation process. The resulting microspheres had spherical form, smooth surface, and the sizes below 5 µm. The determination of swelling index was performed using two methods, namely calculation of mass differentiation and size differentiation at 24 and 30 hours. Results of examination from swelling indices in F1, F2, F3 were 0.58, 1.25, 1.43 (at 24 hours) and 0.78, 1.78, 2.16 (at 30 hours), respectively, whereas resulted of swelling index of 0.50, 1.15, 1.32 (by size method at 24 hours), and 0.65, 1.80, 1.98 (at 30 hours). The result of yield microspheres of F1, F2, F3 were 75.55% ± 0,350; 77,84% ± 0,290; and 86,65% ± 0,191. Statistical result showed that an increase of alginate concentration causes an increse in particle size, swelling indeks, and yield. From SDS PAGE profile, it was confirmed that erythropoietin maintains its structural integrity evidenced by the similar molecular weight before and after encapsulation process. This study has demonstrated the potential of erythropoietin-alginate microspheres that may be effective as a neuroprotectant drug

Formulation, Characteristic Evaluation, Stress Test and Effectiveness Study of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) Expression of Glutathione Loaded Alginate Microspheres and Gel

Background: The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate the stability, characteristics and effectiveness of glutathione-loaded alginate microspheres through increased lipophilicity using surfactant with a Hydrophylic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) value equal to 7. The selection of glutathione as an antioxidant was based on its prominent role in maintaining intracellular redox balance. Alginate was used as the polymer, while calcium chloride constituted a cross-linking agent and Tween and Span were employed as surfactants. Methods: The study applied an ionotropic gelation-aerosolization method. Microspheres were characterized by their morphology, size, drug loading, entrapment efficiency and yield. Stress testing utilized a forced degradation method, while an effectiveness study of glutathione incorporated a Matrix Metalloproteinase I (MMP-1) parameter on mouse skin. Glutathione-microspheres, to which had been added surfactants with a HLB value equal to 7, were compared to those without surfactants. Results: Microspheres demonstrated both high yield and encapsulation efficiency. From the stability study conducted, it was evident that the glutathione-microspheres with additional surfactant were more stable than glutathione with surfactant, but without microspheres. Similarly, the glutathione-microspheres with additional surfactant were more stable than the glutathione without surfactant. The in vivo effectivity showed lipophilic glutathione microspheres were able to decrease MMP-1 expression in the dermis tissue of mice. Conclusion: The results of freeze-dried glutathione-loaded alginate microspheres with surfactant with a HLB value equal to 7 can be utilized as potential glutathione delivery systems