A REVIEW OF THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF MEDICAL STUDENTS IN GONDAR

ABSTRACT: Academic performance result measured in CGPA and ESLCE score of medical students ofGondar College of Medical Sciences was reviewed. Out of 900 students admitted from 1979 to 1987, only 530 (58.9% ) graduated. The reported attrition rate was 41.1%. Poor correlation (r = 0.32) was detected between ESLCE result and final CGPA. Difference in academic performance between males and females was observed during the early phases of medical education. The validity of the ESLCE result as a sole admission criteria is discussed. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 1994; 8(1):23-28

Students’ Perspectives on the Quality of Evaluation Practices and Feedback in College of Education and College of Science in Eritrea

The aim of this study is to explore students’ perspectives on the quality of evaluation practices and feedback in College of Education and College of Science. The sample population consists of 135 third-year and fourth-year students’ from both Colleges. Questionnaires, using a 5-point Likert scale, were administered to all participants whilst two focus group discussions were also conducted. The findings from survey data and focus group discussions showed that the majority of students hold a positive perception on the quality of the evaluation practices but had a negative perception on methods of awarding grades and administrators’ role in listening to the students’ complaints about the courses. Looking into the differences among years of study and gender, the analysis from the questionnaire showed that there is no statistically significant difference between third-year and fourth-year students, in both Colleges with respect to the quality of evaluation practices and feedback. The study recommends that the Colleges in Eritrea improve the quality of fairness and feedback during course assessments. Keywords: evaluation, feedback, quality, students’ perception DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-19-03 Publication date:July 31st 202

Attrition rates among student nurses at the Gondar college of medical sciences

Abstract: A retrospective analysis of academic performance of nursing students was done. From the 402 students admitted from 1984 to 1991, 267 (66.4%) graduated. The attrition rate showed an increase from 15.2% to 45.4%. Higher attrition rate (51.3%) was reported for females as compared to males (21.9%). No correlation between ESLCE result and academic performance was detected (r = 0.01) .The use of multiple admission criteria, increasing the duration of training and improving the learning environment are some of the recommendations suggested based on the study. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 1995;9(2):87-90

Performance, Potential and Prospects of Fisheries Sector in Eritrea.pdf

Fish is important from the point of view of food and nutritional security, especially in developing countries. Most of the countries having sea gates and those having lakes are using different methods and techniques to exploit their fisheries sector to achieve their food security. Eritrea as one of the countries that has sea gate, also aims at using its fisheries resources to tackle the question of food security. It has a coastline that is more than 1,100 km long. The Red Sea is one of the underexploited potential fisheries resources in Eritrea. It is stated that Eritrea has the potential of maximum sustainable yield of 80,000 metric tons. But so far, research shows, the Eritrean fisheries sector is exploiting only 13% of this potential. So the Eritrean fishery is not yet optimally exploited. Therefore, it is an underutilized resource of the country. It does not yet contribute much towards food security of the country. This paper will examine the performance, potential and prospects of Eritrean fisheries and look at the main physical constraints in fish production such as the crafts and gear used in fishing. The paper also looks into the relationship of these factors to total fish landed in the country and the necessary steps that has to be taken to enhance fisheries production in the country. Keywords: Fisheries development, artisanal fisheries, mechanized fisheries, Eritre

Performance, Potential and Prospects of Fisheries Sector in Eritrea..pdf

Fish is important from the point of view of food and nutritional security, especially in developing countries. Most of the countries having sea gates and those having lakes are using different methods and techniques to exploit their fisheries sector to achieve their food security. Eritrea as one of the countries that has sea gate, also aims at using its fisheries resources to tackle the question of food security. It has a coastline that is more than 1,100 km long. The Red Sea is one of the underexploited potential fisheries resources in Eritrea. It is stated that Eritrea has the potential of maximum sustainable yield of 80,000 metric tons. But so far, research shows, the Eritrean fisheries sector is exploiting only 13% of this potential. So the Eritrean fishery is not yet optimally exploited. Therefore, it is an underutilized resource of the country. It does not yet contribute much towards food security of the country. This paper will examine the performance, potential and prospects of Eritrean fisheries and look at the main physical constraints in fish production such as the crafts and gear used in fishing. The paper also looks into the relationship of these factors to total fish landed in the country and the necessary steps that has to be taken to enhance fisheries production in the country. Keywords: Fisheries development, artisanal fisheries, mechanized fisheries, Eritre

AN ASSESSMENT OF A TWO-WAY PATIENT REFERRAL SYSTEM IN GONDAR REGION

ABSTRACTIn a study conducted to assess the adequacy of a two-way patient referral system between a teaching hospital and other health institutions in Gondar administrative unit, it was found out that out of 82 patients referred for admission, and subsequently admitted into the teaching hospital, 8 (9.8%) were referred back while the remaining 74 (90.2%) were discharged. The causes for the discrepancy between the criteria used for the selection of referral patients by the health institutions, on the one hand, and the referral and discharge of the same patients by the teaching hospital, on the other, were investigated. This paper will present the results of the investigation along with proposals for improving the criteria for the selection of referral patients

Role of Regular ANC Visits and Feeding Practices in Preventing Malnutrition in Children Under Five Years Old

Introduction: Malnutrition has a significant impact on global disease for the majority of children worldwide, by being responsible for almost half of the deaths of children under the age of five especially in the developing countries including Eritrea. However, there is no clear information on the role of antenatal care and feeding practices in preventing malnutrition. Therefore, assessing the role of antenatal care visit and feeding practices in preventing malnutrition is of vital importance. Objective: To assess the role of regular ANC visit and feeding practices in preventing malnutrition among children aged 0-59 months, who visited Orotta National Pediatric Referral Hospital from 31st August – 30th September, 2016. Methodology: A cross-sectional, Hospital based study was carried out. Data were collected from mothers (caretakers) using semi-structured questionnaire developed for the purpose. Moreover, anthropometric measurement of the subjects was taken. Data was and entered to the computer and analyzed using SPSS version 20 and p-value <0.05 at 95%CI was considered as statistically significant. Results: The main associated factors of stunting were found to be the frequency of breastfeeding and antenatal care visit. Underweight was associated with weaning of breastfeeding. Frequency of breastfeeding and weaning of breastfeeding were the only variables associated with wasting. Conclusion and Recommendation: Malnutrition remains a major health problem among children aged 0-59 months. Hence, interventions regarding regular antenatal care visits and feeding practices are highly suggested to be given special attention

Appraisal of Fishery Management in Eritrea

在发展中国家，渔业作为居民生计、食品安全、收入改善的重要保障，正越发受到整个社会的重视。然而，长久以来存在的非可持续开发利用方式以及不完善的渔业管理制度，导致了渔业资源的枯竭。当前，厄立特里亚渔业资源的开发程度较小，尽管过去60年的渔业产量持续增加，但仍然远低于该国被估计的最大可持续产量。 因此，本文通过分析厄立特里亚渔业开发与管理中的制约因素，以期发现该国渔业产出较低的原因。为实现该目标，本文首先调查了厄立特里亚海域潜在的渔业资源量，同时根据过去和现在的捕捞水平评估了当前渔业资源的开发程度；其次，本文探究了该国当前的渔业政策以及海洋开发管理结构等制度环境，并分析了其对小规模渔业的影响。根据...In developing country context, the fishery sector is increasingly being mentioned as a source of livelihood creation, food security and to generate income. However, the sector has been facing challenges to achieve sustainable development and erroneous fishing management methods have resulted in depletion of fish stocks. In Eritrea, even though the lightly exploited fishery represents an invaluable...学位：理学硕士院系专业：海洋与海岸带发展研究院_海洋事务学号：3312012115419

Effect of air pollution on morbidity in Sweden

Many studies on air pollution have been done on mortality, morbidity and hospital admissions. Little has been done on air pollution and selected air pollution-related morbidities. This research tried to fill this gap. In this research, I study the effect of air pollution on the number of total patients per 100K inhabitants on the 21 Swedish counties. I selected 4 air pollutants mainly: sulphur oxides, particulate matter 2.5μg/m3, particulate matter 10μg/m3 and total suspended particulate; and 11 diseases that are commonly known to be caused by air pollution on the epidemiological scientific literatures. The study is a panel data over the period 2005-2016 across Swedish counties. I use information of annual concentrations of the air pollutants at a county level. I incorporated socio-economic control variables for estimating the health effect of air pollution and employed the fixed effect static estimation model. It is observed that air pollution, specifically PM2.5 and TSP have a linear positive effect on the number of patients per 100K inhabitants in all the Swedish counties. Number of personnel per 100K inhabitants and population density are found to have positive and negative associations with the number of patients respectively. The results suggested a 1% increase in PM2.5 and TSP leads to a 0.113% and 0.177% increases in the number of patients per 100K inhabitants respectively. When breaking down all the selected disease, then SOx is positively associated with PHD, PM2.5 is positively associated with OFHD, GU and DU, and TSP is positively associated with PHD, OFHD, DAAC, OUDCS and DRS. The cost estimation indicated that the average annual per capita cost due to PM2.5 and TSP is SEK 18 558 and 18 594 respectively. The direct cost due to PM2.5 and TSP is around 0.11% of the Swedish GDP and indirect costs accounted for 0.10% of the Swedish GDP. The overall results of this thesis suggest that it is time to initiate policies that will encourage a further reduction in the emissions of PM2.5 and TSP. It is also required that the awareness of people to air pollution to be elevated so that people would have to improve their avoidance behavior which in turn could lead to a better health outcomes. Keywords: panel data, fixed effect model, health production function, SOx, PM2.5, TSP, patients per 100K inhabitants, direct costs and indirect costs