Cañete y sus alrededores (provincia de Cuenca): un ejemplo de vínculo entre la historia geológica y la humana-cultural

Se considera que la historia geológica de una zona determinada esta condicionando de manera importante la forma de vida de sus gentes, costumbres, etc., por ello vemos también la importancia de que aquélla sea de algún modo conocida . Se presenta en el trabajo la historia geológica como la primera parte y más larga de lo que sería una "historia general" que terminar1a con una parte más reciente o humana - cultural, con la cual, pues, habría un "encadenamiento". Se considera el papel importante del geólogo y algunos organismos oficiales en la difusión de algunas ideas elementales sobre la geologla más próxima de los alrededores en los distintos medios rurales. El presente trabajo muestra un ejemplo de "encadenamiento histórico" en la zona de Canete y sus alrededores (provincia de Cuenca)

Heterogeneous subsidence and paleogeographic elements in an extensional setting revealed through the correlation of a storm deposit unit (Aptian, E Spain)

A coastal marine siliciclastic unit has been studied from a palaeogeographic and structural-stratigraphic point of view. The unit was deposited during the Aptian in the extensional Las Parras sub-basin (Maestrazgo basin, E Spain), and it has been subdivided in four coarsening-upward sequences. A general description of each sequence is done but we focus in the third sequence (S3), which is built up of fi ne to coarse-grained sandstones, representing a vertical facies shift from storm dominated lower shoreface to upper shoreface environments. Both physical and genetic criteria have been used to correlate sequence S3. Top of sequence S3 is a minor erosive surface and is considered a reliable cronostratigraphic datum for correlation across the study area. Lateral facies changes of sequence S3 suggest the location of a siliciclastic discharge system toward the southeast of the study area. Drainage entry could be related to an intersection of basin bounding faults. Over the datum surface, coarsening upwards sequence S4 lacks its lower part in the south-easternmost area. An intra-S4 local discontinuity is defi ned and correlated toward the north-western area. The south-eastern area was located over a different subsiding block than the other sections and different subsidence histories for these blocks are interpreted on the basis of thickness trends and features of the intra-S4 discontinuity. Intra-S4 discontinuity marks the change from siliciclastic to carbonate dominated sedimentation, thus it could be representing a major break in the sedimentary dynamic. Spatial thickness trends of each sequence at the intra-block scale probably represent alternating episodes of homogeneous and heterogeneous subsidence that may be related to extensional dynamics. [RESUMEN] Durante el Aptiense, en la Subcuenca de Las Parras (NW Cuenca del Maestrazgo) se depositó una unidad siliciclástica en un contexto tectónico extensional. Esta unidad se ha dividido en cuatro secuencias granocrecientes, de las cuales se analiza en detalle la tercera (S3) ya que presenta un alto potencial de correlación lateral. El análisis sedimentológico de la secuencia S3 ha permitido interpretar una evolución vertical de shoreface inferior con procesos de tormenta, a shoreface superior; también ha permitido correlacionar esta secuencia entre dos sectores de la subcuenca que presentan un desarrollo litológico considerablemente diferente. El techo de la secuencia S3 es una superfi cie erosiva menor con valor cronoestratigráfi co y se ha utilizado como datum de correlación para el análisis de la unidad siliciclástica. Las variaciones laterales de facies de la secuencia S3 permiten interpretar la proximidad de un sistema de descarga siliciclástico hacia el sureste, y se propone una zona de intersección de fallas normales, próxima al sector suroriental de la zona estudiada, como un elemento paleoestructural favorable para la entrada de un sistema de drenaje en la cuenca. En el sector suroriental, por encima del datum de correlación, la secuencia S4 presenta un desarrollo muy reducido debido a la ausencia de su parte inferior; esto ha permitido interpretar la presencia de una discontinuidad local intra-S4. Esta discontinuidad local se correlaciona con otra reconocida en el sector noroccidental. Debido a las diferencias de espesor y al grado de desarrollo de la discontinuidad intra-S4 se deduce que la historia de subsidencia de diferentes bloques de la cuenca no es exactamente la misma. Esta discontinuidad intra-S4 podría tener interés regional ya que separa sedimentos dominantemente siliciclásticos de sedimentos carbonatados y podría indicar una modifi cación importante del sistema sedimentario. Para uno de los bloques estudiados, las variaciones espaciales de espesor para cada secuencia podrían representar un desarrollo de la subsidencia alternando periodos con subsidencia diferencial atenuada y periodos con subsidencia diferencial acentuada, que pueden estar relacionados con la dinámica extensional

Sedimentary heterogeneity and petrophysical characterization of Barremian tsunami and barrier island/inlet deposits: The Aliaga outcrop as a reservoir analogue (Galve sub-basin, eastern Spain)

The present study examined two sandstone deposits in the Aliaga outcrop as a reservoir analogue over a distance of 200-m-long and attempted to establish a correlation between sand facies and the petrophysical properties of the sandstones in order to investigate the reservoir heterogeneity. The Aliaga reservoir analogue represents the upper part of Camarillas Fm., deposited during the Barremian synrift phase of the Galve sub-basin (Iberian Basin, Spain). It is characterized by a transitional sedimentary interval from sandy-dominant deposits to carbonate-dominant deposits, which were deposited under the same palaeoenvironmental conditions (in relation to systems of back-barrier sedimentation). The description of the Aliaga outcrop provided here consists of lithological descriptions of two sandstone deposits: a tsunami and a barrier island/inlet, at both mesoscopic (decimetres to tens of metres) and microscopic scales (millimetres to centimetres). Both deposits recognized at the basin scale were described in terms of sand grain size, sand sorting and cementation; further cores were drilled along outcrop to collect samples for porosity and permeability measurements. Both sandstone reservoirs are the result of different sedimentary processes that determined facies characteristics, as the different petrophysical properties observed in these deposits. Consequently, the sedimentary process controls the heterogeneity of the sandstones facies and thus, the sand heterogeneity controls the distribution of the petrophysical properties. The classification of sand facies in terms of sand sorting seems to be more appropriate for describing sand heterogeneity; accordingly, petrophysical parameters in both deposits were also influenced by sand sorting. The sand facies and petrophysics heterogeneity of the described deposits can be hierarchically ordered. First-order heterogeneity is related to the basin scale, second-order heterogeneity is related to genesis and the conditions of sediment deposition, and third-order heterogeneity is related to synsedimentary faults and/or post-sedimentation events.This research is a contribution to the project: Análisis de Cuencas Sedimentarias Continentales, of the Gobierno de Aragón, the Análisis de Cuencas Sedimentarias Group of the UCM-CAM, and the projects CGL2011-23717 (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of the Spanish Government and FEDER) and UZ2015-CIE-10 (University of Zaragoza). Additional financial support was provided by a Cnpq (Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Tecnologico, Brasil) Research Grant (200147/2011-0) and an IAS Schema 1st session 2014 Postgraduate Grant to F. Veloso.Peer reviewe

Sedimentación durante una etapa regresiva de corta duración en el Aptiense (Miembro Arenas y arcillas del Burgal), en la Cordillera Ibérica suroccidental

The Aptian El Burgal Mb. up to 85 m in thickness crops out in the SE Iberian Ranges (Central Spain). It is mainly comprised of fine to coarse-grained', white and ochre sandstones (arkoses)with intercalated levels of medium-sized, rounded quartzite pebbles, fine red sediments and local coal (lignite) horizons. Detailed study o f isopachs, 15 logs and 6 facies associations indicate that the El Burgal Mb. was deposited within different environments of sandy fluvial systems and fluvialwave-tidal interaction environments, commonly truncated by tidal channels from northern to southern zones respectively. The fluvial environments are represented by bedload, deposited as bars that till channels of mainly low but also of high sinuosity. Crevasse splays are frequent, showing long complex sheet-sandstone bodies interspersed with the channel fill in the northern area. The fluvio-marine transitional zone is located in the central area, where sandy fluvial meandering deposits cut soil horizons and coal seams in flood plain areas. Fluvial-wave-tide interaction deltas vertically alternate with shallow water marine sediments of Urgonian carbonate facies in the southern zone. Dispersion of the sediments are clearly controlled by the NW-SE tectonic alignment of Lower Cretaceous rift development that represented the Iberian Basin, with an interaction o f both extrabasinal and intrabasinal tectonics resulting in a regression within a long term transgressive episode

Sedimentología de la Fm Escucha (Albiense inferior-medio) entre Estercuel y Crivillén (Teruel) en la Cubeta de Oliete (Cuenca Ibérica Central)

A stratigraphie and sedimentologic study about the Escucha Fm (Lower-Middle Albian) has been done in the Oliete Subbasin (Central Iberian Basin). This lithostratighapic unit was developped during the last moments of the second rift state (Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous), that affected the Iberian Basin. Sixteen facies has been distinguished and gathered in five characteristic facies associations: flood plain, marshftaay margin, interdistributary bay, crevasse splay and distributary channel. These facies associations belong to different sedimentary subenvironments developped in the proximal sector of a deltaic depositional system. The vertical sedimentary evolution shows a trend to more continental conditions from base to top. Different Albian macroflora remains have been found in different stratigraphic levels

Sea-level oscillations recorded as incised-valleys from the Villarroya de los Pinares Formation in the Galve sub-basin (Teruel, Iberian Chain)

Se describen cuatro discontinuidades con desarrollo de valles incisos de entre 10 y 73 metros de profundidad. La superficie S3 que presenta el mayor encajamiento puede correlacionarse a escala global con el límite de secuencia Ap4, y probablemente representa una oscilación eustática. Nuestros resultados apoyan la presencia de hielo polar durante el Aptiense.Four unconformities with incised-valley development are described from the Aptian of the Galve sub-basin. Incision magnitude varies from 10 to 73 metres. The deepest incision correlates well with Ap4 sequence boundary of Hardenbol et al., (1998), and probably represents a high amplitude eustatic fall. Our results support the presence of polar ice-caps during the AptianDepto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEMinisterio de Educación y Cienciapu

Sedimentación sintectónica de la Formación El Castellar (Cretácico Inferior) en la Subcuenca de Galve (Cuenca Ibérica)

The sedimentary record o f El Castellar Fm. in the Calve subbasin has been divided into two stages according to the presence of a mudstone and gypsum interval. This interval represents a paleogeographic and structural significative change. The geometry and facies distribution were controlled by extensional faults. However, the first stage shows a great variety of subenvironments and facies, while the second stage is characterized by an extensive hard water lake. These evidences has been interpreted as the result of the independent movement o f the faults during the first stage and the movement o f the whole extensional faults on a sole detachment during the second stage

Proteomic Analysis of HIV-Infected Macrophages

Mononuclear phagocytes (monocytes, macrophages, and microglia) play an important role in innate immunity against pathogens including HIV. These cells are also important viral reservoirs in the central nervous system and secrete inflammatory mediators and toxins that affect the tissue environment and function of surrounding cells. In the era of antiretroviral therapy, there are fewer of these inflammatory mediators. Proteomic approaches including surface enhancement laser desorption ionization, one- and two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis, and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry have been used to uncover the proteins produced by in vitro HIV-infected monocytes, macrophages, and microglia. These approaches have advanced the understanding of novel mechanisms for HIV replication and neuronal damage. They have also been used in tissue macrophages that restrict HIV replication to understand the mechanisms of restriction for future therapies. In this review, we summarize the proteomic studies on HIV-infected mononuclear phagocytes and discuss other recent proteomic approaches that are starting to be applied to this field. As proteomic instruments and methods evolve to become more sensitive and quantitative, future studies are likely to identify more proteins that can be targeted for diagnosis or therapy and to uncover novel disease mechanisms