Clinical profile of 62 cases of sexual differentiation disorders

OBJECTIVE: To report patients with ambiguous genitalia assisted at the State Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in the last five years. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of all cases of ambiguous genitalia, classified according to Danish criteria (1982), who attended follow-up visits in the last five years. The oldest record is from 1981 and the most recent one, 2006. RESULTS: 62 patients with ambiguous genitalia were found: 26 of them assigned as females and 36 as males. The most frequent diagnosis was congenital adrenal hyperplasia (33.9%), followed by syndromic diseases (14.5%) and gonadal dysgenesis (9.7%). The majority of patients with ambiguous genitalia were detected at birth, however, the mean age at the diagnosis was 7.2 years (zero to 42 years). CONCLUSIONS: Genital ambiguity is not a specific disease, but a set of problems that directs the physician to search specific diagnosis. The frequency of this condition depends on the diagnostic criteria used. Adopting amplified criteria in order to diagnose genital ambiguity will increase the possibility of early detention and adequate handling of these patients.OBJETIVO: Descrever o perfil clínico dos casos de distúrbios da diferenciação sexual em acompanhamento no Instituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia Luiz Capriglione, no Rio de Janeiro, nos últimos cinco anos. MÉTODOS: Revisão dos prontuários dos pacientes, com o diagnóstico de genitália ambígua em acompanhamento nos últimos cinco anos, segundo os critérios clínicos descritos por Danish, em 1982. O registro mais antigo foi feito em 1981 e o mais recente de junho de 2006. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 62 casos de genitália ambígua: 26 com registro do sexo feminino e 36 com registro do sexo masculino. O diagnóstico mais freqüente foi o de hiperplasia congênita de supra-renal (33,9%), seguido de quadros sindrômicos (14,5%) e disgenesias gonadais (9,7%). A média de idade ao diagnóstico foi de 7,2 anos (de zero a 42 anos). CONCLUSÕES: A ambigüidade genital não é uma doença específica, mas um conjunto de alterações que direcionam o clínico a buscar diagnósticos específicos. A freqüência dessa afecção depende dos critérios diagnósticos utilizados. A adoção de critérios amplos aumenta a chance de detecção precoce do quadro bem como de cuidado adequado a crianças com distúrbios da diferenciação sexual.32132

Hospital-based proton therapy implementation during the COVID pandemic: early clinical and research experience in a European academic institution

Introduction A rapid deploy of unexpected early impact of the COVID pandemic in Spain was described in 2020. Oncology practice was revised to facilitate decision-making regarding multimodal therapy for prevalent cancer types amenable to multidisciplinary treatment in which the radiotherapy component searched more efcient options in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, minimizing the risks to patients whilst aiming to guarantee cancer outcomes. Methods A novel Proton Beam Therapy (PBT), Unit activity was analyzed in the period of March 2020 to March 2021. Institutional urgent, strict and mandatory clinical care standards for early diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 infection were stablished in the hospital following national health-authorities’ recommendations. The temporary trends of patients care and research projects proposals were registered. Results 3 out of 14 members of the professional staf involved in the PBR intra-hospital process had a positive test for COVID infection. Also, 4 out of 100 patients had positive tests before initiating PBT, and 7 out of 100 developed positive tests along the weekly mandatory special checkup performed during PBT to all patients. An update of clinical performance at the PBT Unit at CUN Madrid in the initial 500 patients treated with PBT in the period from March 2020 to November 2022 registers a distribution of 131 (26%) pediatric patients, 63 (12%) head and neck cancer and central nervous system neoplasms and 123 (24%) re-irradiation indications. In November 2022, the activity reached a plateau in terms of patients under treatment and the impact of COVID pandemic became sporadic and controlled by minor medical actions. At present, the clinical data are consistent with an academic practice prospectively (NCT05151952). Research projects and scientifc production was adapted to the pandemic evolution and its infuence upon professional time availability. Seven research projects based in public funding were activated in this period and preliminary data on molecular imaging guided proton therapy in brain tumors and post-irradiation patterns of blood biomarkers are reported. Conclusions Hospital-based PBT in European academic institutions was impacted by COVID-19 pandemic, although clinical and research activities were developed and sustained. In the post-pandemic era, the benefts of online learning will shape the future of proton therapy education

Practice-oriented solutions integrating intraoperative electron irradiation and personalized proton therapy for recurrent or unresectable cancers: Proof of concept and potential for dual FLASH effect

Background: Oligo-recurrent disease has a consolidated evidence of long-term surviving patients due to the use of intense local cancer therapy. The latter combines real-time surgical exploration/resection with high-energy electron beam single dose of irradiation. This results in a very precise radiation dose deposit, which is an essential element of contemporary multidisciplinary individualized oncology. Methods: Patient candidates to proton therapy were evaluated in Multidisciplinary Tumor Board to consider improved treatment options based on the institutional resources and expertise. Proton therapy was delivered by a synchrotron-based pencil beam scanning technology with energy levels from 70.2 to 228.7 MeV, whereas intraoperative electrons were generated in a miniaturized linear accelerator with dose rates ranging from 22 to 36 Gy/min (at Dmax) and energies from 6 to 12 MeV. Results: In a period of 24 months, 327 patients were treated with proton therapy: 218 were adults, 97 had recurrent cancer, and 54 required re-irradiation. The specific radiation modalities selected in five cases included an integral strategy to optimize the local disease management by the combination of surgery, intraoperative electron boost, and external pencil beam proton therapy as components of the radiotherapy management. Recurrent cancer was present in four cases (cervix, sarcoma, melanoma, and rectum), and one patient had a primary unresectable locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In re-irradiated patients (cervix and rectum), a tentative radical total dose was achieved by integrating beams of electrons (ranging from 10- to 20-Gy single dose) and protons (30 to 54-Gy Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE), in 10–25 fractions). Conclusions: Individual case solution strategies combining intraoperative electron radiation therapy and proton therapy for patients with oligo-recurrent or unresectable localized cancer are feasible. The potential of this combination can be clinically explored with electron and proton FLASH beams

Hospital-based proton therapy implementation during the COVID pandemic: early clinical and research experience in a European academic institution

Introduction A rapid deploy of unexpected early impact of the COVID pandemic in Spain was described in 2020. Oncology practice was revised to facilitate decision-making regarding multimodal therapy for prevalent cancer types amenable to multidisciplinary treatment in which the radiotherapy component searched more efcient options in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, minimizing the risks to patients whilst aiming to guarantee cancer outcomes. Methods A novel Proton Beam Therapy (PBT), Unit activity was analyzed in the period of March 2020 to March 2021. Institutional urgent, strict and mandatory clinical care standards for early diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 infection were stablished in the hospital following national health-authorities’ recommendations. The temporary trends of patients care and research projects proposals were registered. Results 3 out of 14 members of the professional staf involved in the PBR intra-hospital process had a positive test for COVID infection. Also, 4 out of 100 patients had positive tests before initiating PBT, and 7 out of 100 developed positive tests along the weekly mandatory special checkup performed during PBT to all patients. An update of clinical performance at the PBT Unit at CUN Madrid in the initial 500 patients treated with PBT in the period from March 2020 to November 2022 registers a distribution of 131 (26%) pediatric patients, 63 (12%) head and neck cancer and central nervous system neoplasms and 123 (24%) re-irradiation indications. In November 2022, the activity reached a plateau in terms of patients under treatment and the impact of COVID pandemic became sporadic and controlled by minor medical actions. At present, the clinical data are consistent with an academic practice prospectively (NCT05151952). Research projects and scientifc production was adapted to the pandemic evolution and its infuence upon professional time availability. Seven research projects based in public funding were activated in this period and preliminary data on molecular imaging guided proton therapy in brain tumors and post-irradiation patterns of blood biomarkers are reported. Conclusions Hospital-based PBT in European academic institutions was impacted by COVID-19 pandemic, although clinical and research activities were developed and sustained. In the post-pandemic era, the benefts of online learning will shape the future of proton therapy education