Body appreciation around the world: Measurement invariance of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age.

The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is a widely used measure of a core facet of the positive body image construct. However, extant research concerning measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across a large number of nations remains limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset - with data collected between 2020 and 2022 - to assess measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that full scalar invariance was upheld across all nations, languages, gender identities, and age groups, suggesting that the unidimensional BAS-2 model has widespread applicability. There were large differences across nations and languages in latent body appreciation, while differences across gender identities and age groups were negligible-to-small. Additionally, greater body appreciation was significantly associated with higher life satisfaction, being single (versus being married or in a committed relationship), and greater rurality (versus urbanicity). Across a subset of nations where nation-level data were available, greater body appreciation was also significantly associated with greater cultural distance from the United States and greater relative income inequality. These findings suggest that the BAS-2 likely captures a near-universal conceptualisation of the body appreciation construct, which should facilitate further cross-cultural research. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Bixin Extraction From Defatted Annatto Seeds

Bixin is the major carotenoid in the seed of the Annatto plant (Bixa orellana L.). The aim of this study was to obtain extracts containing bixin from seeds that had been partially defatted by supercritical fluid extraction. Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and low-pressure solvent extraction (LPSE) methods were used, and the effects of the solvent, temperature, pressure, solvent mass to feed mass (S/F) ratio and ultrasonication were evaluated for the global yield (X0(%)) and the bixin yield (BY(%)). Extraction conditions producing high yields of bixin were established for both the PLE and LPSE methods. Analysis of variance was used to examine the influence of the individual extraction variables in LPSE and PLE. For LPSE; significant effects were found for solvent, temperature, and the interactions of temperature with solvent and temperature with S/F. Solvent was the only variable that significantly affected X0(%) and BY(%), for PLE. While ultrasonication did not significantly affect X0(%) or BY(%), scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed structural changes in the vegetal matrix following this treatment. © 2013 Académie des sciences.173268283(2006) Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, Compendium of Food Additive Specifications, 67th MeetingBarrozo, M.A.S., Santos, K.G., Cunha, F.G., (2013) Ind. Crops Prod., 45, pp. 279-282Preston, H.D., Rickard, M.D., (1980) Food Chem., 5, pp. 47-56Veggi, P.C., Santos, D.T., Fabiano-Tixier, A.-S., Le Bourvellec, C., Meireles, M.A.A., Chemat, F., (2013) Food Public Health, 3, pp. 119-129Pingret, D., Fabiano-Tixier, A.-S., Le Bourvellec, C., Renard, C.M.G.C., Chemat, F., (2012) J. Food Eng., 111, pp. 73-81Virot, M., Tomao, V., Le Bourvellec, C., Renard, C.M.C.G., Chemat, F., (2010) Ultrason. Sonochem., 17, pp. 1066-1074Plaza, M., Santoyo, S., Jaime, L., Avalo, B., Cifuentes, A., Reglero, G., Garcia-Blairsy Reina, G., Ibanez, E., (2012) LWT - Food Sci. Technol., 46, pp. 245-253Santos, D.T., Veggi, P.C., Meireles, M.A.A., (2010) J. Food Eng., 101, pp. 23-31Asma, F., Mehrez, R., Farid, C., (2010) International Symposium on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants - Sipam 2009, pp. 251-262. , M. Neffati, A.O. Belgacem, M. El MouridTakeuchi, T.M., Rubano, M.L., Meireles, M.A.A., (2010) Food Bioprocess Technol., 3, pp. 804-812Albuquerque, C.L.C., Meireles, M.A.A., (2012) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 66, pp. 86-95Braga, M.E.M., Ehlert, P.A.D., Ming, L.C., Meireles, M.A.A., (2005) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 34, pp. 149-156Hatami, T., Cavalcanti, R.N., Takeuchi, T.M., Meireles, M.A.A., (2012) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 65, pp. 71-77Prado, J.M., Dalmolin, I., Carareto, N.D.D., Basso, R.C., Meirelles, A.J.A., Oliveira, J.V., Batista, E.A.C., Meireles, M.A.A., (2012) J. Food Eng., 109, pp. 249-257Silva, G.F., Gamarra, F.M.C., Oliveira, A.L., Cabral, F.A., (2008) Braz. J. Chem. Eng., 25, pp. 419-426Braga, M.E.M., Angela, M., Meireles, A., (2007) J. Food Process Eng., 30, pp. 501-521Santos, D.T., Meireles, M.A.A., (2011) Innovative Food Sci. Emerg. Technol., 12, pp. 398-406Wang, L.J., Weller, C.L., (2006) Trends Food Sci. Technol., 17, pp. 300-312Chiste, R.C., Mercadante, A.Z., Gomes, A., Fernandes, E., Fontes Da Costa Lima, J.L., Bragagnolo, N., (2011) Food Chem., 127, pp. 419-426Rostagno, M.A., Villares, A., Guillamon, E., Garcia-Lafuente, A., Martinez, J.A., (2009) J. Chromatogr. A, 1216, pp. 2-29Pingret, D., Tixier-Fabiano, A.S., Chemat, F., Ultrasound-assisted extraction (2013) Natural Product Extraction: Principles and Applications, pp. 89-112. , M.A. Rostagno, J.M. Prado, RSC Publishing LondonEscaplez, M.D., García-Pérez, J.V., Mulet, A., Cárcel, J.A., (2011) Food Eng. Rev., pp. 108-120Albarelli, J.Q., Rabelo, R.B., Santos, D.T., Beppu, M.M., Meireles, M.A.A., (2011) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 58, pp. 343-351A. Sluiter, B. Hames, D. Hyman, C. Payne, R. Ruiz, C. Scarlata, J. Sluiter, D. Templeton, J. Wolfe, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Colorado (2008)Sluiter, A., Hames, B., Ruiz, R., Scarlata, C., Sluiter, J., Templeton, D., (2008) Laboratory Analytical Procedure, , National Renewable Energy Laboratory GoldenThiex, N.J., Anderson, S., Gildemeister, B., (2003) J. AOAC Int., 86, pp. 888-898Thiex, N.J., Manson, H., Anderson, S., Persson, J.A., (2002) J. AOAC Int., 85, pp. 309-317Rodrigues, V.M., Sousa, E., Monteiro, A.R., Chiavone-Filho, O., Marques, M.O.M., Meireles, M.A.A., (2002) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 22, pp. 21-36Meireles, M.A.A., (2008) Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Latin American Plants, , CRC Press-Taylor & Francis Group USAVatai, T., Skerget, M., Knez, Z., (2009) J. Food Eng., 90, pp. 246-254Pineiro, Z., Palma, M., Barroso, C.G., (2004) J. Chromatogr. A, 1026, pp. 19-23Nobre, B.P., Mendes, R.L., Queiroz, E.M., Pessoa, F.L.P., Coelho, J.P., Palavra, A.F., (2006) Braz. J. Chem. Eng., 23, pp. 251-25

Ocorrência e caracterização molecular de Cryptosporidium em cordeiros Occurrence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium in lambs

The occurrence of Cryptosporidium in fecal samples of lambs was determined in order to test correlations among the type of animal raising, feces consistence, index of oocysts elimination, animal age, and molecular characterization of species and genotypes involved in this parasitism. A total of 460 fecal samples were collected from lambs during the first 30 days of life, in various screeds of 21 farms. All samples were analyzed using malachite green negative coloration stain under microscopy. For molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium, on positive samples under microscopy, a nested PCR protocol was used for amplification of fragmentts from 18S rRNA gene or actin gene. It was found 6.7% of animals expeling oocysts of Cryptosporidium in feces of eight farms, without statistics relation among the analyzed indexes. The species and genotype involved were C. parvum type A 18S rRNA, C. parvum type B 18S rRNA and cervid genotype, which present a zoonotic potential of disease