Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

Moving Towards Effective Governance of Fisheries and Freshwater Resources

Governance of fish, fisheries, and freshwater resources encompasses bothecological and human well-being. Nevertheless, achieving both is challenging because of thediverse sectors competing for finite resources. This challenge is not related to a lack ofunderstanding of what contributes to effective governance, but rather is due to the tendency todivide freshwater resource users into sectors that do not coordinate their use of freshwater. Apanel of experts identified six issues and recommendations for improving governance of inlandfisheries. These issues are (1) the lack of cross-sectoral integration in the development andmanagement agendas for freshwater ecosystems, (2) the need for governance mechanisms onshared water bodies, (3) the recognition of the rights and wishes of indigenous people and otherstakeholders dependent on inland fisheries, (4) recognizing the important role of aquacultureand how to incorporate aquaculture into governance mechanisms, (5) how to improve fisherymanagement, and (6) how to improve communication among institutions and stakeholders.To facilitate addressing these six issues, this paper systematically explores how governanceof inland freshwater resources, and specifically freshwater fisheries, can be made more effectiveby focusing on the following:1. Guiding principles of governance?the values and ideals that guide the process of governing;2. Governing institutions?those that are charged with overseeing and controlling253the governance processes by which problems are solved and opportunities cre-ated; and3. Opportunities and solutions?the manner, method, and system by which the fish-ery sector is governed, including the policies and management actions that are the tasks of fishery managers and policymakers for the fishery sector, and the need for more integration between all sectors using freshwater.Fil: Bartley, Devin M.. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Viale delle Terme di Caracalla; ItaliaFil: Leonard, Nancy J.. Northwest Power and Conservation Council; Estados UnidosFil: Youn, So Jung. Michigan State University; Estados UnidosFil: Taylor, William W.. Michigan State University; Estados UnidosFil: Baigún, Claudio Rafael M.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Barlow, Chris. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research; AustraliaFil: Fazio, John. Northwest Power and Conservation Council; Estados UnidosFil: Fuentevilla, Carlos. Office for the Caribbean. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Subregional; BarbadosFil: Johnson, Jay. Okanagan Nation Alliance; CanadáFil: Kone, Bakary. Wetlands International; MalíFil: Meira, Kristin. Pacific Northwest Waterways Association; Estados UnidosFil: Metzner, Rebecca. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Viale delle Terme di Caracalla; ItaliaFil: Onyango, Paul. University of Dar es Salaam Mlimani Dar es Salaam; TanzaniaFil: Pavlov, Dmitry. I.D. Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters Russian Academy of Sciences; RusiaFil: Riley, Betsy. Michigan State University; Estados UnidosFil: Ruff, Jim. Northwest Power and Conservation Council; Estados UnidosFil: Terbasket, Pauline. Okanagan Nation Alliance; CanadáFil: Valbo Jorgenssen, John. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; Itali

Relação entre o perfil antropométrico e bioquímico em crianças e adolescentes com diabetes melito tipo 1 Relación entre perfiles antropométrico y bioquímico en niños y adolescentes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 Relationship between anthropometric and biochemical profiles in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a relação entre o perfil antropométrico e bioquímico de crianças e adolescentes com diabetes melito tipo 1 (DM1). MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 11 crianças e 43 adolescentes com DM1. Coletaram-se dados socioeconômicos e demográficos (idade, sexo, escolaridade, renda), clínicos (insulinoterapia), antropométricos (peso, estatura, dobras cutâneas, circunferência da cintura - CC) e bioquímicos (hemoglobina glicada - HbA, glicemias casual - GLC, pós-prandial - GLPP, e perfil lipídico). Foram utilizados o teste t de Student (p<0,05) e a correlação de Pearson (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: A renda média per capita foi de 0,58±0,39 salário-mínimo e predominou o esquema de três aplicações de insulina/dia em 72,2% da amostra. A maioria apresentou estatura (92,6%) e IMC (87%) adequados para a idade. Aqueles com índice da HbA (inHbA) adequado apresentaram menores GLC (p=0,002) e GLPP (p<0,001). O inHbA correlacionou-se positivamente com CC (p=0,013), GLC (p=0,014), GLPP (p<0,001), TG e VLDL (p<0,001). CONCLUSÕES: O pior controle glicêmico relaciona-se a maiores níveis de lipídeos séricos e CC mais elevada.<br>OBJETIVO: Evaluar la relación entre perfil antropométrico y bioquímico de niños y adolescentes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1). MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal con 11 niños y 43 adolescentes con DM1. Se recogieron datos socioeconómicos y demográficos (edad, sexo, escolaridad, ingresos), clínicos (insulinoterapia), antropométricos (peso, estatura, pliegues cutáneos, circunferencia de la cintura-CC) y bioquímicos (hemoglobina glicada - HbA, glucemias casual - GLC, postprandial - GLPP y perfil lipídico). Se utilizaron la prueba t de Student y la correlación de Pearson (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: El ingreso mediano per capita fue de 0,58±0,39 salario mínimo y predominó el esquema de tres aplicaciones de insulina/día en el 72,2% de la muestra. La mayoría presentó estatura (92,6%) e IMC (87%) adecuados a la edad. Aquellos con índice de HbA (inHbA) adecuado presentaron menores GLC (p=0,002) y GLPP (p<0,001). El inHbA se correlacionó positivamente con CC (p=0,013), GLC (p=0,014), GLPP (p<0,001), TG y VLDL (p<0,001). CONCLUSIONES: El peor control glucémico se relaciona a mayores niveles de lípidos séricos y CC más elevada.<br>OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between anthropometric and biochemical variables in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 11 children and 43 adolescents with DM1. The following data were collected: socioeconomic and demographic (age, sex, education, income), clinical (insulin therapy), anthropometric (weight, height, skinfolds, waist circumference - WC) and biochemical variables (glycated hemoglobin - HbA, casual blood glucose - CBG, post-prandial blood glucose - PPBG, and lipid profile). Statistical analysis included Student's t test (p<0.05) and Pearson's correlation (p<0.05). RESULTS: The average income per capita was 0.58±0.39 times the monthly minimum wage and 72.2% of the sample were on insulin therapy consisting of three doses per day. Most individuals had adequate height (92.6%) and BMI (87.0%) for their ages. Subjects with an adequate HbA index (inHbA) had lower CBG (p=0.002) and PPBG (p<0.001). There were positive correlations between inHbA and WC (p=0.013), CBG (p=0.014), PPBG (p<0.001), triglycerides and VLDL-cholesterol (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Poorer glycemic control is related to higher serum lipids levels and larger WC