Forward-backward asymmetry of photoemission in C60_{60} excited by few-cycle laser pulses

We theoretically analyze angle-resolved photo-electron spectra (ARPES) generated by the interaction of C$_{60}$ with intense, short laser pulses. In particular, we focus on the impact of the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) onto the angular distribution. The electronic dynamics is described by time-dependent density functional theory, and the ionic background of \csixty is approximated by a particularly designed jellium model. Our results show a clear dependence of the angular distributions onto the CEP for very short pulses covering only very few laser cycles, which disappears for longer pulses. For the specific laser parameters used in a recent experiments, a very good agreement is obtained. Furthermore, the asymmetry is found to depend on the energy of the emitted photoelectrons. The strong influence of the angular asymmetry of electron emission onto the CEP and pulse duration suggests to use this sensitivity as a means to analyze the structure of few-cycle laser pulses.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure

NEURAL NETWORK MODELING IN SPORT BIOMECHANICS BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF SHOT-PUT FLIGHT

In this study, a modeling method based on Multi-Layer-Perceptron neural networks (MLP) is presented, using the example of shot-put flight. This method can be used for rapid construction of models. For performance of shot-put, a physical model based on the shots’ equations of motion is easily designed. In this way, an analysis of the shot-put projectory can be used to illustrate the effectiveness of the neural network modeling method. Using the physical model, release data has been determined and altered with random errors such as those introduced by video analysis. A technique for optimal learning with the neural networks has been developed. The resulting MLP models the shot-put flight successfully. The difference between the model’s predicted distance and the distance reached by the physical model are within 2.5%. In conclusion, this method allows rapid creation of models to solve biomechanical problems and can serve as a useful tool for coaches and athletes

Energieversorgung als außen-, sicherheits- und europapolitische Herausforderung: in seiner Doppelpräsidentschaft im EU-Rat und in der G8 kann Deutschland im Jahr 2007 neue Lösungsstrategien entwickeln und Handlungsimpulse setzen

"Vor dem Hintergrund krisenhafter Zuspitzungen im Nahen und Mittleren Osten sowie anderer internationaler Entwicklungen wurde in den vergangenen Monaten mehr und mehr deutlich, dass das immer wichtiger werdende Thema der Energieversorgung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und ihrer europäischen Partner nicht nur wirtschafts- und umweltpolitische Fragen aufwirft, sondern auch eminente außen- und sicherheitspolitische Herausforderungen in sich birgt. In diesem Beitrag sollen zunächst diese Herausforderungen und die damit zusammenhängenden politischen Probleme skizziert und anschließend Konsequenzen gezogen und Lösungsstrategien formuliert werden." [Autorenreferat

Global Journalist: Reporters on the Iraq War

This Global Journalist show from April 3, 2003 features several journalists discussing how they view the recent progress of the American and British forces in the Iraq war. Jennifer Hamarneh, at the time the editor-in-chief of The Jordan Times, talks about hearing from Matthew McAllester, a reporter who was held captive in Iraq for over a week. Host: Stuart Loory. Guests: Jennifer Hamarneh (Jordan), Reinhard Meier (Switzerland), Edward Lucas (London), Dan Sneider (California). Producers: Sara Andrea Fajardo, Augustine Pang. Director: Pat Akers

Estimates of water partitioning in complex urban landscapes with isotope‐aided ecohydrological modelling

Urban green space is increasingly viewed as essential infrastructure to build resilience to climate change by retaining water in the city landscape and balancing ecohydrological partitioning into evapotranspiration for cooling and groundwater recharge. Quantifying how different vegetation types affect water partitioning is essential for future management, but paucity of data and the complex heterogeneity of urban areas make water balance estimates challenging. Here, we provide a preliminary assessment of water partitioning from different sized patches of trees and grass as well as from sealed surfaces. To do this, we used limited field observations together with an advanced, process-based tracer-aided ecohydrological model at a meso-scale (5 km2) in central Berlin, Germany. Transpiration was the dominant green water flux accounting for over 50% of evapotranspiration in the modelled area. Green water fluxes were in general greater from trees compared with grass, but grass in large parks transpired more water compared with grass in small parks that were intensively used for recreation. Interception evaporation was larger for trees compared with grass, but soil water evaporation was greater for grass compared with trees. We also show that evapotranspiration from tree-covered areas comprise almost 80% of the total evapotranspiration from the whole model domain while making up less than 30% of the surface cover. The results form an important stepping-stone towards further upscaling over larger areas and highlights the importance of continuous high-resolution hydrological measurements in the urban landscape, as well as the need for improvements to ecohydrological models to capture important urban processes.Berlin University Alliance / Einstein Stiftung Berlin, Climate and Water under ChangeDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659Einstein Stiftung Berlin http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100006188Leverhulme Trust http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000275Urban Climate Observatory (UCO) BerlinPeer Reviewe

Cutaneous Adverse Events of Systemic Melanoma Treatments: A Retrospective Single-Center Analysis

Recent progress in the treatment of advanced melanoma has led to the improved survival of affected patients. However, novel treatments also lead to considerable and distinct skin toxicity. To further characterize cutaneous adverse events (AE) of systemic treatments, we conducted a single-center retrospective study of biopsy-proven cutaneous adverse events of melanoma treatment over a period of 10 years at the University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland. In 102 identified patients, 135 individual skin AEs developed. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) was causal for 81 skin AEs, and 54 were related to targeted therapies (TT). Recorded types of skin AEs included lichenoid, maculopapular, acneiform, urticarial, panniculitis, folliculitis, psoriasiform, granulomatous, eczematous, and others. The incidence of skin AEs was higher with TT (18.54%) than with ICB (9.64%, p = 0.0029). Most AEs were low-grade, although 19.21% of AEs were common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE) Grades 3 or 4. A large spectrum of skin AEs was documented during treatment of advanced melanoma, and distinct phenotypes were observed, depending on treatment classes. AEs occurred earlier during treatment with TT than with ICB, and distinct types of skin AEs were associated with respective treatment classes. This study comprehensively describes skin AEs occurring during systemic treatment for melanoma at a single center