„Wir sind keine Richterinnen“: Interview von Thomas Gull mit Monika Dommann und Marietta Meier zum Thema Missbrauch in der katholischen Kirche

Die Historikerinnen Monika Dommann und Marietta Meier arbeiten im Auftrag der katholischen Kirche Missbrauchsfälle auf. Ihr Projekt ist ein Beispiel dafür, wie sich die Geschichtswissenschaft in die öffentliche Diskussion eines umstrittenen Themas einbringen kann

Who eats healthily? A population-based study among young Swiss residents

Abstract Objective To assess whether Swiss residents aged 15-24 years follow current nutritional guidelines and whether differences exist according to gender and weight status. Design Cross-sectional national survey. Setting Switzerland. Subjects The 1786 participants (48·4 % women) were divided into overweight, normal weight and underweight. We used traditional BMI cut-offs for people ≥18 years of age (underweight = BMI < 18·5 kg/m2, normal weight = BMI ≥ 18·5 kg/m2 and <25 kg/m2, overweight = BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) and age- and gender-appropriate tables for people aged <18 years, with BMI calculated from self-reported weight and height. We performed bivariate analyses by gender, and then bivariate and multivariate analyses comparing overweight to normal weight people (excluding underweight, n 129, 71·6 % women) regarding adherence to recommendations for fruit, vegetables, meat, fish and dairy products; physical activity; attitude towards body weight; depression, smoking and alcohol consumption. Results Overall, adherence to nutritional guidelines was low, particularly for vegetables and dairy products. Women had a higher adherence than men except for fish and dairy products. In the multivariate analyses, overweight women had a lower vegetable intake, were less satisfied with body weight and had more often been on a diet, whereas overweight men were less satisfied with body weight and wanted to lose weight more often than their normal weight peers. There were no significant differences for physical activity. Conclusions Overweight prevention programmes should target youth specifically by gender and promote an appropriate self-perception. Overweight women should be encouraged to eat more vegetables and men to be more sensitised on healthy food. Further research is needed to assess how to make nutritional guidelines more adaptable to young people's daily lif

Feasibility, Validity, and Reliability of Lower Limb Tactile and Body Awareness Assessments in Children With Upper Motor Neuron Lesions

OBJECTIVE To investigate the feasibility, discriminative and convergent validity, and inter-rater reliability of a lower limb tactile function and 2 body awareness assessments in children with upper motor neuron (UMN) lesions. DESIGN Cross-sectional psychometric study. SETTING Pediatric rehabilitation center. PARTICIPANTS Forty individuals with UMN lesions (mean age 11.7 years, SD 3.4 years; 27 girls) and 40 neurotypically developing children of the same age participated (N=80). INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We assessed the tactile threshold (TT) with monofilaments and body awareness with tactile localization tasks (TLTs) for structural (TLT$_{action}$) and spatial (TLT$_{perception}$) body representation at the foot sole. We compared the test outcomes between children with UMN lesions and neurotypically developing children with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Furthermore, we quantified the relations between the 3 tests with Spearman correlations (r$_{s}$) and the interrater reliability with quadratic weighted kappa (κ$_{QW}$). RESULTS About 80% of the children with UMN lesions perceived the tests easy to perform. The children with UMN lesions had significantly reduced somatosensory function compared with the neurotypically developing children. For the more affected leg, we found good relations between the TT and the TLT$_{action}$ (r$_{s}$=0.71; P<.001) and between the 2 TLTs (r$_{s}$=0.66; P<.001), and a fair relation between the TT and the TLT$_{perception}$ (r$_{s}$=0.31; P=.06). The inter-rater reliability analyses for the sum scores showed almost perfect agreement for the TT (κ$_{QW}$ more affected leg 0.86; less affected leg 0.81), substantial agreement for TLT$_{action}$ (κ$_{QW}$ more affected leg 0.76; less affected leg 0.63), and almost perfect agreement for TLT$_{perception}$ (κ$_{QW}$ more affected leg 0.88; less affected leg 0.74). CONCLUSION The 3 tests are feasible to assess lower limb somatosensory function in children with UMN lesions. Discriminative and convergent validity and reliability of the 3 tests were confirmed. Further studies should investigate responsiveness and association with motor function of these outcome measures

Rapport concernant le projet pilote sur l'histoire des abus sexuels dans le contexte de l'Église catholique romaine en Suisse depuis le milieu du 20ème siècle

Rapport concernant le projet pilote sur l’histoire des abus sexuels dans le contexte de l’Église catholique romaine en Suiss

Bericht zum Pilotprojekt zur Geschichte sexuellen Missbrauchs im Umfeld der römisch-katholischen Kirche in der Schweiz seit Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts

Schlussbericht der Pilotstudie "Sexueller Missbrauch im Umfeld der katholischen Kirche

Are tactile function and body awareness of the foot related to motor outcomes in children with upper motor neuron lesions?

Petra Marsico - ORCID: 0000-0002-2503-9142 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2503-9142Marietta van der Linden - ORCID: 0000-0003-2256-6673 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2256-6673Tom Mercer - ORCID:0000-0002-5078-4769 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5078-4769Hubertus J. Van Hedel - ORCID: 0000-0002-9577-5049 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9577-5049Introduction: Somatosensory function can be reduced in children with Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) lesions. Therefore, we investigated relationships between somatosensory functions of the foot and motor outcomes in children with UMN lesions.In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the Tactile Threshold (TT) with monofilaments and body awareness with Tactile Localisation Tasks for spatial-related action (TLTaction) and structural-related perception (TLTperception) body representation at the foot sole. Furthermore, we assessed four motor outcomes: the Selective Control Assessment of the Lower Extremity (SCALE), the modified Timed Up and Go test (mTUG), the Gillette Functional Assessment Questionnaire (FAQ), and the Functional Mobility Scale (FMS). Spearman's correlations (ρ) were applied to assess relationships between the somatosensory function of the foot sole and the applied motor outcomes.Results: Thirty-five children with UMN lesions, on average 11.7 ± 3.4 years old, participated. TLTperception correlated significantly with all lower limb motor outcomes p<0.05),. TLTperception correlated strongly with the Gross Motor Function Classification System (|ρ|=0.62; p=0.001) in children with cerebral palsy (n=24).Discussion: Assessing structural body representation of the foot sole should be considered when addressing lower limb motor impairments, including gait, in children with upper motor neuron lesions. Our results suggest that the assessment of tactile function and spatial body representation may be less related to lower limb motor function.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fresc.2024.1348327/abstract5pubpu

Position of the Third Na+ Site in the Aspartate Transporter GltPh and the Human Glutamate Transporter, EAAT1

Glutamate transport via the human excitatory amino acid transporters is coupled to the co-transport of three Na+ ions, one H+ and the counter-transport of one K+ ion. Transport by an archaeal homologue of the human glutamate transporters, GltPh, whose three dimensional structure is known is also coupled to three Na+ ions but only two Na+ ion binding sites have been observed in the crystal structure of GltPh. In order to fully utilize the GltPh structure in functional studies of the human glutamate transporters, it is essential to understand the transport mechanism of GltPh and accurately determine the number and location of Na+ ions coupled to transport. Several sites have been proposed for the binding of a third Na+ ion from electrostatic calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. In this study, we have performed detailed free energy simulations for GltPh and reveal a new site for the third Na+ ion involving the side chains of Threonine 92, Serine 93, Asparagine 310, Aspartate 312, and the backbone of Tyrosine 89. We have also studied the transport properties of alanine mutants of the coordinating residues Threonine 92 and Serine 93 in GltPh, and the corresponding residues in a human glutamate transporter, EAAT1. The mutant transporters have reduced affinity for Na+ compared to their wild type counterparts. These results confirm that Threonine 92 and Serine 93 are involved in the coordination of the third Na+ ion in GltPh and EAAT1