Cryogenic Characterization of 180 nm CMOS Technology at 100 mK

Conventional CMOS technology operated at cryogenic conditions has recently attracted interest for its uses in low-noise electronics. We present one of the first characterizations of 180 nm CMOS technology at a temperature of 100 mK, extracting I/V characteristics, threshold voltages, and transconductance values, as well as observing their temperature dependence. We find that CMOS devices remain fully operational down to these temperatures, although we observe hysteresis effects in some devices. The measurements described in this paper can be used to inform the future design of CMOS devices intended to be operated in this deep cryogenic regime

Disturbance observer based adaptive sliding mode control for continuous stirred tank reactor

The continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) typifies an important class of process control systems. Is is a nonlinear system and is sensitive to both external disturbances and system uncertainty. Given these challenges, a nonsingular terminal sliding mode observer is proposed to estimate any external disturbance. Then, a continuous adaptive sliding mode control method is combined with the proposed disturbance observer. This is found to reduce chattering and improve control accuracy when compared with other methods. A full Lyapunov stability proof of the resulting closed-loop system is performed and the effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by simulation experiments

A Study of Internal Friction, Electric Resistance and Shape Change in Cu-Zn and Cu-Zn-Al Alloys During Phase Transformation Use Simultaneous Measurement Method

The internal friction (Q-1), electric resistance (r), shape change (X), and temperature (T) in TiNi alloys during phase transformation have been measured simultaneously [1]. A. Ghilarducci and, M. Ahlers [2] have studied the internal friction in Cu-Zn and Cu-Zn-Al alloys and have shown that the Q-1 peaks are not due to the phase transformation but due to point defects. The electric resistance during thermoelastic martensite (TEM) phase transformation has been studied by K. Otsuka, et.al, [3] and I. Cornelis and, C. M. Wayman showed that the TEM phase transformation temperature Ms, Mf, Asand Af can be obtained from the electric resistance R vs. temperature T curves (R-T curve) [4]. The quantitative relation between the electric resistance change and the amount of martensite is not yet known. Now, the Q-1, R, X, frequency f and T during TEM transformation in Cu-Zn and Cu-Zn-Al alloys have been measured simultaneously as has been done in a TiNi alloy [1,5]. The amount of martensite at every temperature from Ms to Mf and As to Af was calculated by Delorme’s formula of internal friction [6], so that the change of R can be calculated

Evolution of topological charge through chiral anomaly transport

Built upon the state-of-the-art model a multiphase transport (AMPT), we develop a new module of chiral anomaly transport (CAT), which can trace the evolution of the initial topological charge of gauge field created through sphaleron transition at finite temperature and external magnetic field in heavy ion collisions. The eventual experimental signals of chiral magnetic effect(CME) can be measured. The CAT explicitly shows the generation and evolution of the charge separation, and the signals of CME through the CAT are quantitatively in agreement with the experimental measurements in Au+Au collision at $\sqrt{s}=200 {\rm GeV}$, and the centrality dependence of the CME fraction follows that of the fireball temperature.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure

catena-Poly[[[diaqua­thulium(III)]-μ-6-carboxy­nicotinato-μ-pyridine-2,5-di­carboxyl­ato] dihydrate]

The title compound, {[Tm(C7H3NO4)(C7H4NO4)(H2O)2]·2H2O}n, is isotypic with the analogous TbIII compound [Li et al. (2009 ▶). Acta Cryst. E65, m410]. All interatomic distances and angles and the hydrogen-bond geometries are very similar for the two structures. The refined Flack parameter of 0.49 (2) suggests inversion twinning

Separation and determination of the bioactivity of oosporein from Chaetomium cupreum

Many plants have devised methods of protecting themselves; one of such methods is the use of endophytic fungi. The antagonistic mechanism by endophytic fungi has rarely been revealed. This study investigated Chaetomium cupreum from Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R.Br Herb, which was identified by analysis of morphological characteristics and 28S rDNA sequence. The crystal isolated from culture broth of C. cupreum was identified by X-ray single crystal diffraction as 3,3',6,6'-tetrahydroxy-4,4'- dimethyl-1,1'-bi(cyclohexa-3,6-diene)-2,2',5,5'-tetraone (abbreviated as oosporein). We demonstrated that oosporein had antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea, Pytium ultimum, and antitumor activities against HL-60 and A549. It is toxic to Artemia salina.Keywords: Chaetomium cupreum, toxicity, antifungal activity, oosporein, antitumorAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 9(36), pp. 5955-5961, 6 September, 201

Morphologically-Identified Merging Galaxies in the SWIRE Fields

We investigate the evolutional and environmental effects on star formation efficiency for more than 400 merging galaxies. The ~400 merging systems, with photometric redshifts smaller than 0.7, are obtained from a catalog of ~15000 morphologically identified merging galaxies derived from observations of the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope. We also obtained the IR data of the merging galaxies from the Spitzer Wide-area InfraRed Extragalactic Survey (SWIRE). The redshift differences \Delta z between the member galaxies of these merging pairs show a large distribution with 0 < \Delta z < 0.4. We divide our merging pairs into two sub-samples with \Delta z 0.05 for further analyses. We find a statistically significant anti-correlation between the specific star formation rate (SSFR) and the separation of the merging galaxies for both sub-samples. Our analyses also show that although most of the merging systems do have enhanced star formation activity, only very rare ones display extremely high SFRs. Additionally, the SSFR of the merging galaxies also decreases when the magnitude difference between two member galaxies becomes large. However, we find that for the merging pairs with large luminosity contrast, the fainter components show higher SSFR than the brighter ones. Finally, there is a higher fraction of gas-poor mergers in galaxy clusters, and the SSFR of gas-rich mergers is reduced in cluster environments.Comment: 32 pages, 12 figures and 7 tables; accepted for publication in Ap

The Anti-hepatitis B Virus Activity of Boehmeria nivea Extract in HBV-viremia SCID Mice

Boehmeria nivea extract (BNE) is widely used in southern Taiwan as a folk medicine for hepato-protection and hepatitis treatment. In previous studies, we demonstrated that BNE could reduce the supernatant hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in HBV-producing HepG2 2.2.15 cells. In the present study, we established an animal model of HBV viremia and used it to validate the efficacy of BNE in vivo. In this animal model, serum HBV DNA and HBsAg were elevated in accordance with tumor growth. To evaluate the anti-HBV activity of BNE, HBV-viremia mice were built up after one subcutaneous inoculation of HepG2 2.2.15 tumor cells in severe combined immunodeficiency mice over 13 days. The levels of serum HBV DNA were elevated around 105–106 copies per milliliter. Both oral and intraperitoneal administration of BNE were effective at inhibiting the production of HBsAg and HBV DNA, whereas tumor growth was not affected by all test articles. Intraperitoneal administration of BNE appeared to have greater potential to inhibit serum HBV DNA levels compared with oral administration under the same dosage. Notably, reduced natural killer cell activity was also observed after high dosage of BNE administration, and this correlated with reduced serum HBV DNA. In conclusion, BNE exhibited potential anti-HBV activity in an animal model of HBV viremia