Apresiasi Masyarakat Terhadap Tradisi Lisan Permainan Rakyat Jaran Kepang Di Kanagarian Simalidu Kecamatan Koto Salak Kabupaten Dharmasraya

The perposes of this researeh are to describe and the explain the appreciation of society in kanagarian Simalidu Kecamatan Koto Salak Kabupaten Dharmasraya. West Sumatra to the Jaran Kepang. The research is using the descriptive methade and the of this research is qualitative the issues that describe is type the appreciation and the acceptance of the society to Jaran Kepang in Kanagarian Simalidu Kecamatan Koto Salak Kabupaten Dharmasraya. That obtainable through the questionnaire and interview that using by the instrument in this research. The accumulation technique of data that using here are: (1) the observation to searching the informan that requires in the research, (2) give the questionnaire that contain same questions that have to be answered by the society in Kanagarian Simalidu Kecamatan Koto Salak Kabupaten Dharmasraya, (3) The structural interview, by using some questions to the informans based an the research, (4) record, by recorded oral data that express by the informans, (5) note, by kating all the informan that has bean obtained from the observation the interview, and the recard

How explicable are differences between reviews that appear to address a similar research question? A review of reviews of physical activity interventions

Background Systematic reviews are promoted as being important to inform decision-making. However, when presented with a set of reviews in a complex area, how easy is it to understand how and why they may differ from one another? Methods An analysis of eight reviews reporting evidence on effectiveness of community interventions to promote physical activity. We assessed review quality and investigated overlap of included studies, citation of relevant reviews, consistency in reporting, and reasons why specific studies may be excluded. Results There were 28 included studies. The majority (n = 22; 79%) were included only in one review. There was little cross-citation between reviews (n = 4/28 possible citations; 14%). Where studies appeared in multiple reviews, results were consistently reported except for complex studies with multiple publications. Review conclusions were similar. For most reviews (n = 6/8; 75%), we could explain why primary data were not included; this was usually due to the scope of the reviews. Most reviews tended to be narrow in focus, making it difficult to gain an understanding of the field as a whole. Conclusions In areas where evaluating impact is known to be difficult, review findings often relate to uncertainty of data and methodologies, rather than providing substantive findings for policy and practice. Systematic ?maps? of research can help identify where existing research is robust enough for multiple in-depth syntheses and also show where new reviews are needed. To ensure quality and fidelity, review authors should systematically search for all publications from complex studies. Other relevant reviews should be searched for and cited to facilitate knowledge-building

Data matrix of fruit characters used in the phylogenetic analysis of Chinese Heracleum species and related taxa

Data matrix of fruit characters used in the phylogenetic analysis of Chinese Heracleum species and related taxa. Twenty characters and 33 taxa

Intestinal Dendritic Cells Are Altered in Number, Maturity and Chemotactic Ability in Fulminant Hepatic Failure

<div><p>Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) is defined as rapid acute liver injury, often complicated with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). The precise onset of FHF with SBP is still unknown, but it is thought that SBP closely correlates with a weakened intestinal barrier. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in forming the intestinal immune barrier, therefore the number, maturity and chemotactic ability of intestinal DCs were studied in FHF. Mouse intestinal and spleen DCs were isolated by magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) and surface markers of DCs, namely CD11c, CD74, CD83 and CD86, were identified using flow cytometry. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were performed to detect the distribution and expression of CC-chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) and CC-chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9), as well as their ligands-CC-chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21) and CC-chemokine ligand 25 (CCL25). Real-time PCR was used to detect CCR7 and CCR9 mRNA, along with their ligands-CCL21 and CCL25 mRNA. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the markers CD74, CD83 and CD86 of CD11c⁺DCs were lower in the D-galactosamine (D-GalN) group and were significantly decreased in the FHF group, while there were no significant changes in the expression of these markers in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group. Immunohistochemistry results showed that staining for CCR7 and CCR9, as well as their ligands CCL21 and CCL25, was significantly weaker in the D-GalN and FHF groups compared with the normal saline (NS) group or the LPS group; the FHF group even showed completely unstained parts. Protein expression of CCR7 and CCR9, as well as their ligands- CCL21 and CCL25, was also lower in the D-GalN group and decreased even more significantly in the FHF group. At the gene level, CCR7 and CCR9, along with CCL21 and CCL25 mRNA expression, was lower in the D-GalN group and significantly decreased in the FHF group compared to the NS and LPS groups, consisting with the protein expression. Our study indicated that intestinal DCs were decreased in number, maturity and chemotactic ability in FHF and might contribute to a decreased function of the intestinal immune barrier in FHF.</p></div

Maternal obesity disrupts circadian rhythms of clock and metabolic genes in the offspring heart and liver

<div><p>Early life nutritional adversity is tightly associated with the development of long-term metabolic disorders. Particularly, maternal obesity and high-fat diets cause high risk of obesity in the offspring. Those offspring are also prone to develop hyperinsulinemia, hepatic steatosis and cardiovascular diseases. However, the precise underlying mechanisms leading to these metabolic dysregulation in the offspring remain unclear. On the other hand, disruptions of diurnal circadian rhythms are known to impair metabolic homeostasis in various tissues including the heart and liver. Therefore, we investigated that whether maternal obesity perturbs the circadian expression rhythms of clock, metabolic and inflammatory genes in offspring heart and liver by using RT-qPCR and Western blotting analysis. Offspring from lean and obese dams were examined on postnatal day 17 and 35, when pups were nursed by their mothers or took food independently. On P17, genes examined in the heart either showed anti-phase oscillations (<i>Cpt1b, Pparα, Per2</i>) or had greater oscillation amplitudes (<i>Bmal1, Tnf-α, Il-6</i>). Such phase abnormalities of these genes were improved on P35, while defects in amplitudes still existed. In the liver of 17-day-old pups exposed to maternal obesity, the oscillation amplitudes of most rhythmic genes examined (except <i>Bmal1</i>) were strongly suppressed. On P35, the oscillations of circadian and inflammatory genes became more robust in the liver, while metabolic genes were still kept non-rhythmic. Maternal obesity also had a profound influence in the protein expression levels of examined genes in offspring heart and liver. Our observations indicate that the circadian clock undergoes nutritional programing, which may contribute to the alternations in energy metabolism associated with the development of metabolic disorders in early life and adulthood.</p></div

Isolation and phenotypic characterization of spleen CD11c⁺DCs.

<p>(A) Expression of surface markers in MACS-isolated CD11c⁺DCs. (B) Percentage of CD74 in spleen CD11c⁺DCs. (C) Percentage of CD83 in spleen CD11c⁺DCs. (D) Percentage of CD86 in spleen CD11c⁺DCs. Compare with the NS group, expression of CD74, CD83 and CD86 in the FHF group was lower in the D-GalN group and significantly lower in the FHF group, but there was no significant difference compared with the LPS group (*<i>P</i><0.05 <i>vs</i>. the NS group, #<i>P</i><0.05 <i>vs</i>. the FHF group unpaired t-test; <i>n</i>≥6)</p

Mannose-Modificated Polyethylenimine: A Specific and Effective Antibacterial Agent against <i>Escherichia coli</i>

Poly­ethyl­en­imine (PEI) has antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>S. aureus</i>) and Gram-negative (<i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>E. coli</i>), bacteria but is highly cytotoxic, and the selective antimicrobial activity against <i>S. aureus</i> is obviously better than that against <i>E. coli</i>. To reduce the cytotoxicity and improve the antibacterial activity against <i>E. coli</i>, we modified PEI with d-mannose through nucleophilic addition between primary amine and aldehyde groups to get mannose-modified poly­ethyl­en­imine copolymer particles (Man-PEI CPs). The use of mannose may provide good targeting ability toward <i>E. coli</i> pili. The antibacterial activity of Man-PEI CPs was investigated. Man-PEI CPs shows specific and very strong killing capability against <i>E. coli</i> at a concentration of 10 μg/mL, which is the highest antimicrobial efficiency compared to that of unmodified PEI (220 μg/mL). The antibacterial mechanism demonstrated that the enhancement in antibacterial activity is due to specific recognition of the mannose and destroying the cell wall of the bacteria by PEIs. Importantly, the Man-PEI CPs show less cytotoxicity and excellent biocompatibility. The results indicate that Man-PEI CPs have great potential as novel antimicrobial materials to prevent bacterial infections and provide specific applications for killing <i>E. coli</i>

Intestinal CCR7, CCL21, CCR9 and CCL25 protein expression.

<p>A, C, E and G: Electrophoresis banding of intestinal CCR7, CCL21, CCR9 and CCL25. B, D, F and H: Densitometric analysis using the Image-Pro software. Compared with the NS group, absorbance ratios of CCR7, CCL21, CCR9 and CCL25 to GAPDH were lower in the D-GalN group and notably decreased in the FHF group, but there was no significant difference compared with the LPS group (*<i>P</i>< 0.05 <i>vs</i>. the NS group; #<i>P</i><0.05 <i>vs</i>. the FHF group, unpaired <i>t</i>-test; <i>n</i>≥8).</p

Isolation and phenotypic characterization of intestinal CD11c⁺DCs.

<p>(A) Expression of surface markers in MACS-isolated CD11c⁺DCs. (B) Percentage of CD74 in CD11c⁺DCs. (C) Percentage of CD83 in CD11c⁺DCs. (D) Percentage of CD86 in CD11c⁺DCs. Compared with the NS group, expression of CD74, CD83 and CD86 was lower in the D-GalN group and significantly lower in the FHF group, but there was no significant difference compared with the LPS group (*<i>P</i><0.05 <i>vs</i>. the NS group, unpaired <i>t</i>-test; <i>n</i>≥6).</p

Immunohistochemical staining of CCR7, CCR9, CCL21 and CCL25.

<p>A, B, C and D: Immunohistochemical staining of CCR7, CCL21, CCR9 and CCL25; E, F, G and H: Integrated optical density of CCR7, CCL21, CCR9 and CCL25. Compared with the NS group, the integrated optical density of CCR7, CCL21, CCR9 and CCL25 was reduced in the D-GalN group and notably reduced in the FHF group, but there was no significant difference compared with the LPS group (**<i>P</i>< 0.01, ***<i>P</i>< 0.001 <i>vs</i>. the NS group; #<i>P</i><0.05, ##<i>P</i><0.01, ###<i>P</i><0.001 <i>vs</i>. the FHF group, unpaired <i>t</i>-test; <i>n</i>≥10).</p