30S Ribosomal Subunit Assembly is a Target for Inhibition by Aminoglycoside Antibiotics in \u3cem\u3eEscherichia coli\u3c/em\u3e.

Antibacterial agents specific for the 50S ribosomal subunit not only inhibit translation but also prevent assembly of that subunit. I examined the 30S ribosomal subunit in growing Escherichia coli cells to see if antibiotics specific for that subunit also had a second inhibitory effect. I used the aminoglycoside antibiotics paromomycin and neomycin, which bind specifically to the 30S ribosomal subunit. Both antibiotics inhibited the growth rate, viable cell number, and protein synthesis. I used a 3H-uridine pulse and chase assay to examine the kinetics of ribosome subunit assembly in the presence and absence of each antibiotic. Analysis revealed a concentration dependent inhibition of 30S subunit formation in the presence of each antibiotic. Sucrose gradient profiles of cell lysates showed the accumulation of an intermediate 21S translational particle. Taken together this data gives the first demonstration that 30S ribosomal subunit inhibitors can also prevent assembly of the small subunit

Correlation of sociodemographic factors and intestinal parasites in pregnant women

Background: Pregnant women often experience more severe intestinal parasitic infections than their non-pregnant counterparts. Intestinal parasitic infections also disturb pregnancy at the maternal and fetal level. Objective of the study was to find out the prevalence of intestinal parasites in pregnant women and its relationship with various socio-demographic factors.Methods: A single stool specimen was collected. A saline and iodine mount was examined microscopically to demonstrate the intestinal parasites. Formol ether Concentration technique was performed to increase the yield of the eggs and larvae. Modified acid-fast staining was done for opportunistic parasitic infections.Results: In this study 300 pregnant women were screened for presence of intestinal parasites. The prevalence of intestinal parasites was 42.67%. Women who practiced hand washing regularly and had knowledge about parasites had lesser infection. The dietary practice of taking green leafy vegetables had protective effect during pregnancy. The prevalence of intestinal parasites was almost same in both rural and urban women. Higher prevalence of intestinal parasites was found in lower socioeconomic class. Women who used river as source of water supply had slightly more prevalence than those who used municipal water. The prevalence of hookworm infection was more in women who never wore sandals.Conclusions: The high prevalence of intestinal parasites in the pregnant women indicates faecal pollution of soil and domestic water supply.  Education and awareness regarding intestinal parasites need to be done during their routine antenatal visits. Emphasis should be made on consistent hand washing, consumption of washed leafy vegetables and use of footwear. Deworming of pregnant women should be considered in the national guidelines

30S Ribosomal Subunit Assembly Is a Target for Inhibition by Aminoglycosides in Escherichia coli

The aminoglycosides paromomycin and neomycin were examined in Escherichia coli cells for an inhibitory effect on 30S ribosomal subunit assembly. Both compounds inhibited the growth rate, viable cell number, and protein synthesis rate with similar 50% inhibitory concentrations. Each drug also showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of 30S subunit formation. The inhibitory effect on 30S particle formation was approximately equivalent to the inhibitory effect on translation for these antibiotics

Neomycin and Paromomycin Inhibit 30S Ribosomal Subunit Assembly in Staphylococcus Aureus

A number of different antibiotics that prevent translation by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit of bacterial cells have recently been shown to also prevent assembly of this subunit. Antibacterial agents affecting 30S particle activities have not been examined extensively for effects on small subunit formation. The aminoglycoside antibiotics paromomycin and neomycin bind specifically to the 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibit translation. These drugs were examined in Staphylococcus aureus cells to see whether they had a second inhibitory effect on 30S particle assembly. A 3H-uridine pulse and chase assay was used to examine the kinetics of subunit synthesis in the presence and absence of each antibiotic. 30S subunit formation was inhibited by both compounds. At 3 μg/mL each antibiotic reduced the rate of 30S formation by 80% compared with control cells. Both antibiotics showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of particle formation, with a lesser effect on 50S particle formation. For neomycin, the IC50 for 30S particle formation was equal to the IC50 for inhibition of translation. Both antibiotics reduced the viable cell number with an IC50 of 2 μg/mL. They also inhibited protein synthesis in the cells with different IC50 values (2.5 and 1.25 μg/mL). This is the second demonstration of 30S ribosomal subunit-specific antibiotics that prevent assembly of the small subunit

Effects of integrated economic and health interventions with women's groups on health-related knowledge, behaviours and outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol.

IntroductionEconomic groups, such as microfinance or self-help groups are widely implemented in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Women's groups are voluntary groups, which aim to improve the well-being of members through activities, such as joint savings, credit, livelihoods development and/or health activities. Health interventions are increasingly added on to existing women's economic groups as a public health intervention for women and their families. Here, we present the protocol for a mixed-methods systematic review we will conduct of the evidence on integrated economic and health interventions on women's groups to assess whether and how they improve health-related knowledge, behaviour and outcomes in LMICs.Methods and analysisWe will search seven electronic databases for published literature, along with manual searches and consultation. The review will include (1) randomised trials and non-randomised quasiexperimental studies of intervention effects of integrated economic and health interventions delivered through women's groups in LMICs, and (2) sibling studies that examine factors related to intervention content, context, implementation processes and costs. We will appraise risk of bias and study quality using standard tools. High and moderate quality studies will be grouped by health domain and synthesised without meta-analysis. Qualitative evidence will be thematically synthesised and integrated into the quantitative synthesis using a matrix approach.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol was reviewed and deemed exempt by the institutional review board at the American Institutes for Research. Findings will be shared through peer-reviewed publication and disseminated with programme implementers and policymakers engaged with women's groups.Prospero registration numberCRD42020199998

Effects of integrated economic and health interventions with women\u27s groups on health-related knowledge, behaviours and outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries: A systematic review protocol

Introduction: Economic groups, such as microfinance or self-help groups are widely implemented in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Women’s groups are voluntary groups, which aim to improve the well-being of members through activities, such as joint savings, credit, livelihoods development and/or health activities. Health interventions are increasingly added on to existing women’s economic groups as a public health intervention for women and their families. Here, we present the protocol for a mixed-methods systematic review we will conduct of the evidence on integrated economic and health interventions on women’s groups to assess whether and how they improve health-related knowledge, behaviour and outcomes in LMICs. Methods and analysis: We will search seven electronic databases for published literature, along with manual searches and consultation. The review will include (1) randomised trials and non-randomised quasiexperimental studies of intervention effects of integrated economic and health interventions delivered through women’s groups in LMICs, and (2) sibling studies that examine factors related to intervention content, context, implementation processes and costs. We will appraise risk of bias and study quality using standard tools. High and moderate quality studies will be grouped by health domain and synthesised without meta-analysis. Qualitative evidence will be thematically synthesised and integrated into the quantitative synthesis using a matrix approach. Ethics and dissemination: This protocol was reviewed and deemed exempt by the institutional review board at the American Institutes for Research. Findings will be shared through peer-reviewed publication and disseminated with programme implementers and policymakers engaged with women’s groups