Ganoderic Acid and Exopolysaccharide Production by Ganoderma Lucidum from Semi-Solid-State and Submerged Fermentation

Introduction: Production of Ganoderic acid (GA) and Exopolysaccharide (EPS) with using beneficial fermentation strategy has received great attention recently. The aim of present study is comparison of GA and EPS production by G. lucidium in submerge, Semi-Solid and Solid-State fermentation. Materials and methods: Potato dextrose Agar (PDA) for cultivation of G. lucidum was used. A modified medium formulation for Semi-Solid-State fermentation was also used with both submerged and Solid-State cultivation advantages. The optimized media components and main effects, such as carbone source, inducers, and aeration were studied with using Taguchi orthogonal array design. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) was used to detect GA in mycelium and fruiting body of G. lucidum and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to detect EPSs in submerged fermentation. Results: Findings showed that the increase of GA in Semi-Solid-State fermentation (256 µg/g) with a combination of wheat bran 9g/L, oak chips 13g/L but without aeration. Findings showed that EPS production in submerged fermentation was more noticeable than Semi-Solid-State and Solid-State fermentation. In submerged fermentation with a combination of malt 20%, glucose 4%, sucrose 2% and with aeration 98.3±3.78mg/g EPS were observed. FTIR band in 890 Cm-1 indicated the presence of polysaccharides. Discussion and conclusion: Among the three sets of formulations, results showed that Semi-Solid-State fermentation is the most appropriate culture for GA production and submerged fermentation is the most appropriate culture for EPS production. Finally, we suggest Semi-Solid-State fermentation for both GA and EPS production using wholly submerged glucose and oak chips enriched solid particle

Is hysteroscopy a routine investigation before assisted reproductive techniques?

Introduction: Infertility is a common problem as it is observed in 10 - 15% of couples to whom developing approaches for treatment is an issue of utmost importance. The aim of the current study was to determine the accuracy of diagnostic transvaginal ultrasongraphy (TVS) for the investigation of uterin pathologies in women before the application of assisted reproductive technique (ART). Methods: In this observational, cross-sectional study, TVS and diagnostic hysteroscopy were performed consecutively on 100 infertile women, who were candidates for ART. All the findings of TVS were compared with hysteroscopic appearance of uterine cavity. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were also calculated for diagnostic polyp and uterine anomalies. Results: Polyp was detected through diagnosis hysteroscopy in 6 cases (6.0%), out of whom 4 were diagnosed by TVS. The sensitivity and specificity ratios with TVS, diagnosed for polyp, were 50.00% and 98.94%, respectively. In addition, the sensitivity and specificity ratios with TVS, diagnosed for uterine abnormalities were 27.78 % and 98.78%, respectively. Conclusion: The researchers concluded that TVS allows for the diagnosis of polyp uterine in the most cases, but its sensitivity for diagnosis of uterine anomalies is low. Therefore, TVS is not useful technique, compared with hysteroscopy, in patients who are candidates for ART. Thus, hysteroscopy is highly recommended

Anti-Bacterial Properties of Water Transport Containers Made from Encapsulated Silver Nanoparticles

Considering the surface water resources as one of the main water supplies in many regions of Iran. The application of chlorination for disinfecting drinking water has increased the rate of Disinfection By- Products (DBPs) formation.The required cost for DBPS removal motivates researchers to find a solution related to substitute the chlorination process and need for residual  chlorine. Using the current Nano particles such as silver, copper and zinc in powder form is one of the best alternatives in injecting  polymer and  producing the pipe, but several problems such as lack of uniform distribution of Nano particles in polymer matrices, distribution of particles in the air (TLV), release of Nano particles into the system and accumulate in the body, high consumption due to reduction of filler properties and increased cost price of products led to  unpopularity of this technology. Using capsulated material because of zero release and high rates and low prices can be a good choice and useful substituent. In this study various concentrations of Al2 O3 / SiO2 micro-particles,which the silver Nano particles are on these micro-particles have been used to produce sheets, and microbial tests have been done on samples of composites prepared by Iran national standard method of 10.900. And ultimately based on an amount of bacteria and retention time minimum particulate required to slow the growth of bacteria was determined as 4 percent by weight

Correction: COMPARE CPM-RMI Trial: Intramyocardial Transplantation of Autologous Bone Marrow-Derived CD133+ Cells and MNCs during CABG in Patients with Recent MI: A Phase II/III, Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial

This article published in Cell J (Yakhteh), Vol 20, No 2, Jul-Sep 2018, on pages 267-277, four affiliations (1, 4, 5, and 10) were changed based on authors request

Comparison of Common Monogenic Defects in a Large Predominantly Antibody Deficiency Cohort

Background: Predominantly antibody deficiencies (PADs) are the most common primary immunodeficiencies, characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and inability to generate effective antibody responses. Objective: We intended to report most common monogenic PADs and to investigate how patients with PAD who were primarily diagnosed as suffering from agammaglobulinemia, hyper-IgM (HIgM) syndrome, and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) have different clinical and immunological findings. Methods: Stepwise next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed for confirmation of the mutations in the patients clinically diagnosed as suffering from agammaglobulinemia, HIgM syndrome, and CVID. Results: Among 550 registered patients, the predominant genetic defects associated with agammaglobulinemia (48 Bruton's tyrosine kinase [BTK] and 6 μ heavy chain deficiencies), HIgM syndrome (21 CD40 ligand and 7 activation-induced cytidine deaminase deficiencies), and CVID (17 lipopolysaccharides-responsive beige-like anchor deficiency and 12 atypical Immunodeficiency, Centromeric instability, and Facial dysmorphism syndromes) were identified. Clinical disease severity was significantly higher in patients with μ heavy chain and CD40 ligand mutations compared with patients with BTK (P = .003) and activation-induced cytidine deaminase (P = .009) mutations. Paralysis following live polio vaccination was considerably higher in patients with μ heavy chain deficiency compared with BTK deficiency (P < .001). We found a genotype-phenotype correlation among patients with BTK mutations regarding clinical manifestation of meningitis and chronic diarrhea. Surprisingly, we noticed that first presentations in most patients with Immunodeficiency, Centromeric instability, and Facial dysmorphism were respiratory complications (P = .008), whereas first presentations in patients with lipopolysaccharides-responsive beige-like anchor deficiency were nonrespiratory complications (P = .008). Conclusions: This study highlights similarities and differences in the clinical and genetic spectrum of the most common PAD-associated gene defects. This comprehensive comparison will facilitate clinical decision making, and improve prognosis and targeted treatment

Comparison of Common Monogenic Defects in a Large Predominantly Antibody Deficiency Cohort

Predominantly antibody deficiencies (PADs) are the most common primary immunodeficiencies, characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and inability to generate effective antibody responses