Mandibular angle fracture following closed extraction of lower third molar: A case report and systematic review

Objectives Mandibular third molar extraction is among the most commonly performed dental procedures. Fracture of the angle of mandible after third molar extraction is a rare complication of this procedure.Case Herein, we report fracture of the right angle of mandible immediately after extraction of mandibular right third molar in a 38-year old healthy female patient, which was surgically managed. A review of the relevant literature is also presented. Thirty four cases of mandibular fracture following third molar extraction are reported in the literature. Most of these cases were removed surgically.Conclusion Systematic review of papers showed that angulation of impacted third molar is one of the most related factors in following fractures of mandibular angle

The Effect of Socio-Personal Factors on Economic and Managerial Variables in Shahroud Commercial Dairy Farms

The purpose of this research was to study the effects of four personal and social variables including the age, literacy, job experience and size of herd on different variables such as implementing of managerial strategies in transition period, relevant costs of these strategies, average production per head and gross income of milk sale per head. For this purpose all required information were collected through questionnaire distribution among the owners of commercial dairy farms of Shahroud district. This questionnaire was included three parts. Relevant information about personal and social indices was inserted in first part. Second part included of relevant information about performance and non-performance of considered managerial strategies in transition period and third part was about relevant information about production and economic records. Finally all information about 50 herds was obtained and compared as well. Data analysis was through applying Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) method. Also it was possible to specify any relation among independent and dependent variables through calculation of Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Finally it was revealed that social and personal factors have a significant effect on the implementation of management strategies and other independent factors

The Effect of Socio-Personal Factors on Economic and Managerial Variables in Shahroud Commercial Dairy Farms

The purpose of this research was to study the effects of fourpersonal and social variables including the age, literacy,job experience and size of herd on different variables such asimplementing of managerial strategies in transition period,relevant costs of these strategies, average production per headand gross income of milk sale per head. For this purpose allrequired information were collected through questionnairedistribution among the owners of commercial dairy farms ofShahroud district. This questionnaire was included three parts.Relevant information about personal and social indices wasinserted in first part. Second part included of relevant informationabout performance and non-performance of considered managerialstrategies in transition period and third part was aboutrelevant information about production and economic records.Finally all information about 50 herds was obtained andcompared as well. Data analysis was through applying MultipleLinear Regression (MLR) method. Also it was possible tospecify any relation among independent and dependent variablesthrough calculation of Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Finallyit was revealed that social and personal factors have a significanteffect on the implementation of management strategies andother independent factors

Foundation size effect on modulus of subgrade reaction on sandy soils

Winkler model is one of the most popular models in determining the modulus of sub grade reaction. In this model the sub grade soil is assumed to behave like infinite number of linear elastic springs. The stiffness of these springs is named as the modulus of sub grade reaction. This modulus is dependent to some parameters like soil type, size, shape, depth and type of foundation. The direct method for estimating the modulus of sub grade reaction is plate load test that is done with 30-100 cm diameter circular plate or equivalent rectangular plate. Afterward, we have to extrapolate the test value for exact foundation. In the practical design procedure, Terzaghi's equation is usually used to determine the modulus of sub grade reaction for actual foundation, but there are some uncertainties in utilizing such equation. In this paper the size effect of foundation on sandy sub grade with use of finite element software (Plaxis) is proposed to investigate the validation of Terzaghi's formula on determination of sub grade reaction modulus. Also the comparison between Vesic's equation, Terzaghi's one and obtained results are presented

A Multi-Objective Optimal Allocation of Treated Wastewater in Urban Areas Using Leader-Follower Game

This study proposes a new method for optimal allocation of Treated Wastewater (TW), in which different stakeholders, their social position in decision-making, and priority of objectives were attended using the leader-follower game theory. The suggested methodology was applied in a case study in the eastern part of Tehran province in Iran, where the Water and Sewage Department is considered the leader and four TW dependent districts are the followers in the game model. The leader appropriates a certain TW quantity to the system, and the followers compete for the allocated resources in the face of various physical and sociopolitical constraints. The Nash-Harsanyi production function was applied to model the non-cooperative relationships among the followers (i.e., their competition for limited resources) and find a compromise solution. Considering different limitations, such as the location and quantity of the TW allocation, 1569 different allocation scenarios were considered in four districts. Then, the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) based multi-objective optimization model was developed to optimize the main objectives of the leader, including i) minimizing the TW transfer costs, and ii) minimizing the supplied demand deficiency in all districts. A multi-criteria decision-making model was utilized to find the best solution on the achieved Pareto-front space. Nine different weighting scenarios were adopted to assess the model sensitivity to the importance of the selected criteria. Results point to the sensitivity of the framework to weighting scenarios, but provide effective compromise solutions to a complex system that can only partially supply water demands

Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasonography for Identification of Elbow Fractures in Children; a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Introduction: In spite of the results of previous studies regarding the benefits of ultrasonography for diagnosis of elbow fractures in children, the exact accuracy of this imaging modality is still under debate. Therefore, in this diagnostic systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to investigate the accuracy of ultrasonography in this regard. Methods: Two independent reviewers performed systematic search in Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus for studies published from inception of these databases to May 2023. Quality assessment of the included studies was performed using Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2). Meta-Disc software version 1.4 and Stata statistical software package version 17.0 were used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 648 studies with 1000 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.95 (95% CI: 0.93-0.97) and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.84-0.90), respectively. Pooled positive likelihood ratio (PLR) was 6.71 (95% CI: 3.86-11.67), negative likelihood ratio (NLR) was 0.09 (95% CI: 0.03-0.22), and pooled diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of ultrasonography in detection of elbow fracture in children was 89.85 (95% CI: 31.56-255.8). The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for accuracy of ultrasonography in this regard was 0.93. Egger's and Begg's analyses showed that there is no significant publication bias (P=0.11 and P=0.29, respectively). Conclusion: Our meta-analysis revealed that ultrasonography is a relatively promising diagnostic imaging modality for identification of elbow fractures in children. However, clinicians employing ultrasonography for diagnosis of elbow fractures should be aware that studies included in this meta-analysis had limitations regarding methodological quality and are subject to risk of bias. Future high-quality studies with standardization of ultrasonography examination protocol are required to thoroughly validate ultrasonography for elbow fractures