EEG spectral power alternation & learning disability in rats exposure to lead through prenatal developing age

Introduction: Lead intoxication in children has been associated with neurodevelopment disabilities that may result in motor and cognitive impairment. The aim of the present study is to evaluate in long term effects of prenatal exposure to low-level Pb2+ on learning, memory and EEG. Materials & Methods: Rat pregnant were exposed to distilled water or 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 % of Pb-acetate in the drinking water during of pregnancy. Behavioral analysis was carried out in male offspring by using one way active avoidance. The numbers of electric shock was detected as an index of learning and memory of rats. At 60 days of age (active avoidance learning) and at 90 days of age (memory) behavioral assessment was measured. Then the rats were implanted with electrodes in sensorimotor regain. After a recovery period, EEG was also recorded. Findings: Lead acetate was no affected on learning but dose of 0.1% which was affected on memory of rats (No. of shocks 5.185 ± 0.98%) compared to the control (No. of shocks 1.667 ± 0.62%). This finding also showed that lead acetate (p<0.05) only decreases of memory ability. Except an increase in the delta waves, there was no any statistical signifiucant on EEG spectral power between test and control groups. Conclusion: In this research the lead acetate was no affected on EEG. The results showed that using dose of 0.1% lead acetate was affected on behavior and decrease of memory ability of tested rats

The effect of chronic exposure to low-level Lead on learning and memory during two different development phases of rat

تماس مزمن با سطوح پایین سرب در طی تکامل مغزی بر روی عملکرد سیستم عصبی مرکزی اثر گذاشته و سبب ایجاد تغییراتی در عملکرد این سیستم می شود. اثرات رفتاری سرب بطور گسترده ای مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است ولی علیرغم این کوشش ها، در نتایج بدست آمده اختلاف است چرا که سنجش های رفتاری مشابه در تحقیقات مختلف نتایج متناقضی را باعث شده است. در این مطالعه اثرات تماس مزمن با سطوح پایین سرب در دو مرحله تکاملی شیرخوارگی (I) و بعد از شیرخوارگی (II) بر روی یادگیری و حافظه به روش شرطی اجتنابی فعال یکطرفه مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. در هر مرحله سه گروه تست و یک گروه کنترل انتخاب شد. آب آشامیدنی گروه های تست با محلول های 0.05، 0.1 و 0.2 درصد استات سرب به مدت 21 روز و آب آشامیدنی رات های گروه کنترل با آب دوبار تقطیر تعویض شد. در رات هایی که در مرحله (I) استات سرب 0.05 دریافت کرده بودند تعداد شوک در دو آزمون یادگیری و حافظه و در گروه 0.2 تعداد شوک در آزمون حافظه کاهش یافت. در گروه تست 0.1 افزایش تعداد شوک در آزمون حافظه مشاهده شد. در مرحله (II) دزهای 0.05 و 0.2 درصد استات سرب سبب افزایش یادگیری و حافظه در مقایسه با گروه کنترل گردید. نتایج نشان داد که مسمومیت مزمن با سطوح پایین سرب، توانایی یادگیری و حافظه تحت تاثیر دو فاکتور دز فلزی تجویزی و مرحله تکاملی که تماس با آن رخ می دهد، قرار می گیرد. باتوجه به اثرات متفاوت تماس سرب در کودکان و بالغین بر تناقض های بین مطالعات In vitro و In vivo، پیشنهاد شده که سرب احتمالا از طریق مکانیسم های چندگانه ای روی سیستم عصبی اثر می گذارد

Cytotoxicity of Triple Antibiotic Paste and Calcium Hydroxide against Cultured Human Dental Pulp Fibroblasts

Objective: In necrotic immature teeth, intra canal medicaments such as triple antibiotic paste (TAP) and calcium hydroxide (CH) are used for root canal disinfection and regeneration treatment. However, the effect of these medicaments on dental pulp fibroblasts has yet to be known. This study aimed to assess the cytotoxicity of CH and TAP against cultured human dental pulp fibroblasts (HDPFs) obtained from third molars.Methods: In this in vitro study, fibroblasts were obtained from the dental pulp of two third molars. Fibroblasts were exposed to 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/mL concentrations of TAP and CH. Six samples were prepared of each medicament and fibroblast viability was evaluated after 72 hours. Data were analyzed using one-way and two-way ANOVA (p&lt;0.001). The percentage of cell viability was calculated and the cytotoxicity of the medicament was categorized as severe (30%), moderate (30- 60%), mild (60-90%) and non-toxic (&gt;90%).Results: In TAP samples, only the 10 mg/mL concentration had a significant difference with the control group in terms of the percentage of cell viability and showed moderate cytotoxicity. In CH samples, the 1 and 10 mg/mL concentrations showed significant differences with the control group and were severely cytotoxic.Conclusion: Reduction in cell viability of fibroblasts by increase in concentration was significantly greater in CH compared to TAP group. Thus, in regeneration treatments, these medicaments must be used in concentrations with adequate therapeutic and insignificant adverse effects on fibroblasts

Effect of the co-administration of glucose with morphine on glucoregulatory hormones and causing of diabetes mellitus in rats

Background: Morphine is related to dysregulation of serum hormone levels. In addition, addict subjects interest to sugar intake. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of co-administration of glucose with Mo on the glucoregulatory hormones and causing of diabetes mellitus in rats. Materials and Methods: Male rats were randomly divided into four groups including, control, morphine, Morphine-Glucose and diabetes groups. Morphine was undergone through doses of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 mg/kg, respectively on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. Then, dose of 60 mg/kg was used repeated for 20 extra days. The Morphine-Glucose group received the same doses of morphine plus 1 g/kg glucose per day. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin. At the end of experiment, the serum insulin, glucagon, growth hormone (GH), cortisol, and glucose levels were measured. The homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) indexes concluding the HOMA-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and HOMA-β were evaluated. Results: Morphine insignificantly induced a hyperglycemia condition and insulin resistance. Whereas, the beta-cell functions significantly (P < 0.05) decreased only in morphine group. The co-administration of glucose slightly increased the GH, and increased insulin and cortisol levels significantly (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01; respectively) in the Morphine-Glucose group. Furthermore, the co-administration of glucose with morphine could nearly modulate the morphine effects on body weight, glucose, and glucagon levels. Conclusion: It is probable that the co-administration of glucose with morphine modulate the serum glucose levels by stimulating the beta-cell functions and to increase insulin secretion

Multiple MTS assay as the alternative method to determine survival fraction of the irradiated HT-29 colon cancer cells

A multiple colorimetric assay has been introduced to evaluate the proliferation and determination of survival fraction (SF) of irradiated cells. The estimation of SF based on the cell-growth curve information is the major advantage of this assay. In this study, the utility of multiple-MTS assay for the SF estimation of irradiated HT-29 colon cancer cells, which were plated before irradiation, was evaluated. The SF of HT-29 colon cancer cells under irradiation with 9 MV photon was estimated using multiple-MTS assay and colony assay. Finally, the correlation between two assays was evaluated. Results showed that there are no significant differences between the SF obtained by two assays at different radiation doses (P > 0.05), and the survival curves have quite similar trends. In conclusion, multiple MTS-assay can be a reliable method to determine the SF of irradiated colon cancer cells that plated before irradiation

Initial clinical outcomes of intracoronary infusion of autologous progenitor cells in patients with acute myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND: Myocardial infarction (MI) is an irreversible cardiomyocytes injury which begins after 15-20 minutes of coronary artery occlusion. The extent of infarction is modulated by a number of factors including collateral blood supplies, medications, and ischemic preconditioning. Although angioplasty and thrombolytic agents can relieve the cause of the infarction, the time from the occlusion onset to reperfusion determines the degree of irreversible myocardial injury. Experimental studies suggested that stem cells and progenitor cells derived from bone marrow can be used in the repair of cardiac tissue after acute MI. This study was designed to investigate the feasibility, safety and initial clinical outcome of intracoronary infusion of autologous progenitor cells in patients with acute MI.METHODS: Patients with a history of anterior MI and a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) less than 35 % who were candidates for coronary angioplasty were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to either control or bone marrow cell groups (each including 16 patients). Thallium scan and 17-segment echocardiography analysis for regional wall motion abnormality were performed before and 1 and 6 months after intracoronary infusion of bone marrow cells. The same tests were also conducted for the control group at identical time intervals. Categorical variables were compared by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Statistical significance was assumed at a value of P &lt; 0.05.RESULTS: LVEF in the case and control groups increased to 39.37 &plusmn; 24.7% and 31.00 &plusmn; 1.87%, respectively (P = 0.069 and 0.1, respectively). Wall motion abnormality index (WMAI) decreased insignificantly in both groups. Perfusion defect scores (PDSs) decreased significantly in the case group.CONCLUSION: In this study, autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplantation by intracoronary catheter during angioplasty in patients with a history of severe LV dysfunction caused mild increases in LVEF.Keywords: Myocardial Infarction Left Ventricular Failure, Stem Cell.</p

Differentiation of Human Scalp Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Mature Neural Cells on Electrospun Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Nerve Tissue Engineering Applications

Objective: This study aimed to isolate and culture SADS cells, investigate their neurogenic capacity and evaluate their application for nerve tissue engineering. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, SADS cells were isolated from human adipose tissue. After 7-day treatment of SADS cells with insulin, indomethacin and isobutylmethylxanthine, neurogenic differentiation of SADS cells was investigated. During this study, Poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and PCL/gelatin nanofibrous scaffolds were fabricated using electrospinning and subsequently nanofibrous scaffolds were coated with platelet-rich plasma (PRP). SADS cells were also seeded on nanofibrous scaffolds and neurogentic differentiation of these cells on nanofibers was also evaluated. Effect of PRP on proliferation and differentiation of SADS cells on scaffolds was also studied. Results: Our results showed that after 7-day treatment of SADS cells with insulin, indomethacin and isobutylmethylxanthine, SADS cells expressed markers characteristic of neural cells such as nestin and neuron specific nuclear protein (NEUN) (as early neuronal markers) as well as microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and neuronal microtubule-associated (TAU) (as mature neuronal markers) while mature astrocyte maker (GFAP) was not expressed. MTT assay and SEM results showed that incorporation of gelatin and PRP into the structure of nanofibrous scaffolds has a significant positive influence on the bioactivity of scaffolds. Our results also showed neurogentic differentiation of SADS cells on scaffolds. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that SADS cells have potential to differentiate into early and mature progenitor neurons, in vitro. PCL/gelatin/PRP was found to be a promising substrate for proliferation of SADS cells and differentiation of these cells into neural cells which make these scaffolds a candidate for further in vivo experiments and suggest their application for nerve tissue engineering

Culturing in serum-free culture medium on collagen type-I-coated plate increases expression of CD133 and retains original phenotype of HT-29 cancer stem cell

Background: A sub-population of tumor cells termed cancer stem cells (CSCs) has an important role in tumor initiation, progression, and recurrence. Selecting a suitable procedure for isolation and enrichment of CSCs is the biggest challenge in the study of CSCs. In the present study, the role of the combination of stem cell culture medium and collagen type-I was evaluated for successful isolation and enrichment of HT-29 CSCs. Materials and Methods: HT-29 cells were cultured in serum-containing medium (parental culture medium: Medium + 10% fetal bovine serum) and serum-free medium (stem cell culture medium); both on collagen-coated plates. Spheres forming ability and CD133 expression, as a potential marker of colorectal CSCs, were evaluated in two culture mediums. Results: The results show spheroids usually give rise completely within 15 days in the stem cell culture medium on the collagen-coated plate. CD133 expression in spheroid cells (84%) is extensively higher than in parental cells (25%). Moreover, relative to parental cells, spheroid cells were more radioresistance. Conclusion: Finding of this study suggested that CSCs derived from colon cancer cell line (HT-29) can be propagated and form colonospheres in serum-free culture medium on collagen type-I. According to maintenance of their original phenotype in these conditions, it seems serum-free culture medium on collagen type-I is a suitable way to drug screening of HT-29 CSCs

Treatment of full thickness cartilage defects in human knees with Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation*

Background: Although a variety of strategies have been employed for managing articular cartilage defects in the knee, overall outcomes have not been satisfactory. An alternative option may be autologous chondrocyte transplantation (ACT). However, as this method is still under investigation, here we assessed the efficacy of ACT for human knee defect cartilage repair. Methods: In a randomized clinical trial study, eleven patients (mean age 31.09 years) were enrolled in the study with full thickness cartilage defects in the knee. Arthroscopically, healthy cartilage was obtained, chondrocytes expanded for 2-3 weeks and ACT performed. Clinical status was evaluated before ACT, 6 and 12 months after ACT using the Brittberg-Peterson functional assessment and modified Cincinnati rating score. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were evaluated based on the scoring systems used by Sally Roberts and by Henderson. Results: Modified Cincinnati rating indicated significant improvement of clinical score before ACT compared to 6 (p = 0.000) and 12 (p = 0.000) months after ACT (from 2.73 before ACT to 7.27, 8.36 and 9.5 at 6, 12, and 48 months after ACT, respectively). Brittberg-Peterson functional assessment indicated a decline from 79.27 to 25.82 and 19.27 at 6 and 12 months post ACT. Further, statistical test demonstrated significant differences 6, 12 and 48 months post ACT (p = 0.007). Evaluation of MRI revealed a score of 6.5 for Henderson criteria and a score of 2.5 for Robert criteria. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that ACT of the knee provides an excellent treatment for full thickness cartilage defects with outstanding clinical and radiological outcomes