Analytical & Experimental Analysis of Lightning Stokes Performance & Protection by MOV Based Simulation Model: A 33 KV Transmission Line Case Study

Researchers are working on techniques to mitigate failure rates as low as possible to avoid potential harm, sustain high power efficiency for this a considerable number of estimation studies were already performed and several designs of methodologies were being suggested. The transmission line performs the role of the arteries which maintain the process of transporting electricity in the transmission line. That is why it is important to maintain and manage the costs of these tracks.  Surge arrestor and shield wire application are often techniques chosen for defensive strategy in a very technique. By pushing travelling waves towards the electrical equipment mounted on the transmission line, the effects of lightning stoke on the transmission line may cause severe damage to the electrical equipment. In this review, this research study provides a review-based overview of the mechanism of occurrence of lightning along with its impact on the transmission line and the defence methods used to prevent such effects. A MATLAB / SIMULINK 2020a simulation modeling-based analysis for the incidence of lightning on the 33 kV transmission line system is observed in this regard, and a Metal-Oxide surge arrestor-based lightning fault clearance safety scheme is also suggested and discussed

DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW HYBRID MULTI CRITERIA DECISION-MAKING METHOD FOR A CAR SELECTION SCENARIO

Increasing competition in the automobile industry has led to a vast variety of choices when buying a car thus making car selection a tedious task. The objective of this research is to develop a new hybrid multi-criteria decision-making technique, with accuracy greater than that of the already existing methods, in order to help the people in decision-making while buying a car. Hence, considering a broader spectrum, this study aims at easing the process of multi-criteria decision-making problems in different fields. To achieve the objective, seven different alternatives were evaluated with respect to the enlisted evaluation criteria, which were selected after analyzing the secondary data obtained from Pak wheels based on style, fuel economy, price, comfort and performance. These criteria were then analyzed using the proposed Full Consistency Fuzzy TOPSIS method. As the name tells, this method is a unique combination of two techniques. The Full Consistency method is used to calculate the weights of the criteria while the Fuzzy TOPSIS approach is applied to rank the alternatives according to their scores in the selected criteria. The outcomes demonstrate an increase in the consistency ratio of the weight coefficients due to which the ranking of the alternatives by the FCF-TOPSIS is more accurate than the TOPSIS and the Analytical Hierarchy Process. The novelty of the method lies in the fact that this combination has not been used for an alternative selection scenario before. In addition to this, it can be used in various industries where a choice between the available alternatives arises based on a set of evaluation criteria

Response surface optimization of gamma radiation-induced variation in functional quality of Nelumbo nucifera rhizome flour at various particle sizes

The cumulative effect of particle size (PS), gamma radiation dose (GRD), and suspension period (SP) on the functional quality of N. nucifera rhizome flour was optimized. A tri-factorial central composite design was constructed at five levels of each of PS, GRD, and SP. The N. nucifera rhizome flour at the selected particle sizes (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 μm) was subjected to gamma irradiation at the selected levels of GRD (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 kGy) followed by the analysis of its functional properties at different levels of SP (6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 h). The response-surface analysis showed a statistically significant linear positive effect of PS on the water absorption capacity (WAC) and swelling capacity (SC) and a linear negative effect on protein solubility index (PSI) ( p=0.000-0.028). The GRD showed a significant linear positive effect on oil absorption capacity (OAC) and PSI while a linear negative effect on WAC and SC (p=0.000-0.008). The PS and GRD showed significant quadratic negative effects on WAC, OAC, and SC. However, the SP showed no significant linear effect on the studied functional properties of the flou

Soft Load Shedding Based Demand Control of Residential Consumers

Power generation and consumption is an instantaneous process and maintaining the balance between demand and supply is crucial since the demand and supply mismatch leads to various risks like over-investment, over-generation, under-generation, and the collapse of the power system. Therefore, the reduction in demand and supply mismatch is critical to ensure the safety and reliability of power system operation and economics. A typical and common approach, called full load shedding (FLS), is practiced in cases where electric power demand exceeds the available generation. FLS operation alleviates the power demand by cutting down the load for an entire area or region, which results in several challenges and problems for the utilities and consumers. In this study, a demand-side management (DSM) technique, called Soft-load shedding (SLS), is proposed, which uses data analytics and software-based architecture, and utilizes the real-world time-series energy consumption data available at one-minute granularity for a diversified group of residential consumers. The procedure is based on pattern identification extracted from the dataset and allocates a certain quota of power to be distributed on selected consumers such that the excessive demand is reduced, thereby minimizing the demand and supply mismatch. The results show that the proposed strategy obtains a significant reduction in the demand and supply mismatch such that the mismatch remains in the range of 10–15%, especially during the period where demand exceeds generation, operating within the utility constraints, and under the available generation, to avoid power system failure without affecting any lifeline consumer, with a minimum impact on the consumer’s comfort

Comparative analysis of connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis from a tertiary care centre in Pakistan

Objectives: The burden of interstitial lung disease (ILD) is rising globally. This study aimed to describe and compare characteristics of Connective Tissue Disease-associated ILD with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, the two most commonly observed ILDs among outpatients at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: A retrospective research study was conducted. Patients with ILD were identified through the outpatient data registry at the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi from October 2016 to October 2017. We obtained data pertaining to demographics, clinical and radiologic features. A comparative analysis was done to compare the patient characteristics and key features between CTD-ILD and IPF patients. The analysis was done using STATA version 12.0. Results: We identified 184 patients with ILD, which included 52 (29.3%) with CTD-ILD and 62 (35%) with IPF. The most prevalent conditions among CTD-ILD patients included rheumatoid arthritis (42.3%) and scleroderma (25%). Usual interstitial pneumonitis was the common radiologic pattern in RA-ILD (63.6%) and scleroderma (61.5%) while non-specific interstitial pneumonitis was more common in MCTD (85.7%) and SLE (80%). Compared to patients with IPF, those with CTD-ILD were predominantly younger (p<0.001) and female (88.5 % v 45.2%, p<0.001). History of GERD was also significantly lower in CTD-ILD (p=0.05). Conclusion: CTD-ILD patients in our registry were younger and predominantly female compared to IPF. Further studies and ongoing data registry are needed to understand the full spectrum of this disease and long term clinical outcomes. Keywords: Connective tissue disease, Interstitial lung disease, Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Continuous..

Nutritional probing and storage stability of papaya jam supplemented with date pit powder

Jam Quality is a factor robustly influenced by storage conditions. The current research aimed to develop papaya jam with improved nutritional attributes, rheological profile, and shelf-life utilizing date pit powder as a functional ingredient. The effect of date pit powder on the formulated product's physicochemical, microbial, and organoleptic properties was analyzed. Results revealed that overall mineral profile (0.35–1.11%), crude fiber (0.56–2.01%), pH (3.51–3.70%), and antioxidant properties (22.97–30.67%) were significantly increased while water activity reduced (0.77–0.73). Moreover, date pit powder improved the color scores like a*(10.10–10.67), b* (8.13–8.78), L* (25.56–28.09), and textural attributes (Cohesiveness: 0.83–0.90; Firmness: 6.82–6.93) of functional papaya jam. Microbial count reduced from 3.60 × 105-3.06 × 105 cfu/ml by adding date pit powder and staying within the acceptable limit (4.13 × 105-3.60 × 105 cfu/ml) during 2-month storage at refrigeration. Organoleptic evaluation depicted that samples treated with date pit powder scored better than the control, and a sample with 75% pectin replacement was considered best

Isolation and characterization of exopolysaccharide‐producing strains of Lactobacillus bulgaricus from curd

Curd is the most widespread traditional fermented milk product used by a large population and is a good source of vitamin B, protein, and calcium. In this study, the isolation of exopolysaccharide (EPS)‐producing strains of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus from curd samples was carried out. Identification of EPS‐producing strains was done by Gram staining, catalase activity, sugar fermentation test, API 50 CHL, and PCR analysis. These EPS‐producing strains were subjected for the estimation of technological properties such as titratable acidity, curdling time, acidification rate, and texture. The strains best in their technological properties were selected for the production of yogurt in combination with EPS‐ or non‐EPS‐producing strains of Streptococcus thermophilus. The EPS concentration range was from 41 to 268 mg/L in the yogurt. The highest value of EPS concentration was detected in S. thermophilus and non‐EPS‐producing Lb. bulgaricus after 14 days of storage