Sufi brotherhood beyond boundaries: Murad al-Bukhari’s (1640-1720) travels and residence in Istanbul

As a member of sayyid family, Murad al-Bukhari, was born in Samarkand, studied in India and resided in Hijaz, Damascus, Istanbul and Bursa. He left behind several works and many disciples when he died in Istanbul after a long and productive life at the age of 80. He was initiated to Nakshibandi tariqa by Shaykh Muhammad Masum al-Faruki in India at the age of 23. After a few years of training he went to pilgrimage, and after extensive journeys through Iraq and Persia, he resided in Damascus in 1669, where he and later on his descendants assumed the title of mufti of Hanafi ulama and nakib al-ashraf of Damascus. Murad Buhari’s successful missionary activities were probably the most important factor in spreading Nakshibandi-Mucaddidi order in the Ottoman lands. When he arrived in Istanbul in 1681, he was well received by high level Istanbul ulama and Sultan himself. A tekke in Eyup was left to his disposal by the Shayk al-Islam, where he did not stay long and left it over to his disciple. After 25 years he decided to turn Berraniyye madrasa of Damascus over to his son Muhammed Bahaeddin and came back to Istanbul, this time to reside permanently. His life and works can help us in understanding the intellectual boundaries of the Ottoman elites and their relations with distant Muslim lands in an age of transition

Proper class generated by submodules that have supplements

Thesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Mathematics, Izmir, 2008Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 37-38)Text in English: Abstract: Turkish and Englishix, 40 leavesIn this thesis, we study the class S of all short exact sequences 0 A B C 0 where Im& has a supplement in B, i.e. a minimal elemenr in the set {V B V + Im& . B}.The corresponding elements of ExtR(C;A) are called k-elements. In general k-elements need not form a subgroup in ExtR(C;A), but in the category TR of torsion R-modules over a Dedekind domain R, S is a proper class; there are no nonzero S-projective modules and the only S-injective modules are injective R-modules in TR. In this thesis we also give the structure of S-coinjective R-modules in TR. Moreover, we define the class SB of all short exact sequences 0 A B C 0 where Im & has a supplement V in B and V in B and In & is bounded. The corresponding elements of ExtR(C;A) are called B-elements. Over a noetherian integral domain of Krull dimension 1, B-elements form a proper class. In the category TR over a Dedekind domain R, SB is a proper class; there are no nonzero SB-projective R-modules and SB-injective R-modules are only the injective R-modules. In the category TR, reduced SB-coinjective R-modules are bounded R-modules

Outcomes of the distal intraarticular humeral fractures treated by olecranon osteotomy

Objectives: To evaluate the management and outcome of intraarticular fractures of the distal humerus treated by open reduction and internal fixation using the olecranon osteotomy technique. Materials and methods: Twenty-one patients with in-traarticular fractures of the distal humerus were treated by open reduction and internal fixation. The mean age of the patients was 41.6 years and the mean follow-up pe-riod was 25.3 months. All fractures were type C accord-ing to the AO/ASIF fracture classification system. Chev-ron type olecranon osteotomy was performed within 12-24 h after the injury in all cases but 4 of them. Physical and radiological examination of patients with the appro-priate range checks were made.Results: All fractures united within average duration of 3.2 months. Excellent or good results were found in pa-tients less than 50 years-old, in women, when passing time from injury to surgery was within 12 hours and when early mobilization was achieved. The complica-tions were seen as 2 (9.6%) transient neuropraxia of the ulnar nerve, 2 (9.6%) failure of fixation, 1 (4.8%) het-erotopic ossification and 1 (4.8%) olecranon non-union. Fracture type (C1) and time from occurrence of injury to surgery (<12 hours) are the main prognostic factors for achieving the excellent/ good functional results.Conclusions: The critical factors for a successful out-come of intraarticular fractures of the distal humerus in-cluded meticulous surgical technique, stable internal fix-ation, surgical experimentation and early controlled postoperative mobilization

The relationship between social network usage and some personality traits

The aim of the research, is to examine the relationship between adolescents' five-factor personality features by use of Social Media. As for sample, there are 548 girl and 441 boy students and they are between the ages of 11-18.  Adolescents’ data participating in the study, are determined by Big Five Factor personality traits Scale. Prepared data on the use of social media called "Personal Information Form" has been obtained by researcher. In the analysis of data, understanding of social media use times whether it differs according to big five personality traits, According to the social media using time, there was no significant difference between the agreeableness and openness subscales. On the other hand, there is a significant differences between conscientiousness, extraversion and neuroticism.  In association with five personality traits of social media purpose, it was found that there are significant differences with different personality traits for each purpose

Probabilistic assessment of earthquake insurance premium rates for the Gumusova-Gerede Motorway Section

A probabilistic model is developed for the assessment of the earthquake insurance premium rates for the structures taking place in the Bolu Mountain Crossing in the Gumusova-Gerede Motorway Section. The model requires two types of studies, namely: seismic hazard analysis and estimation of potential damage to structures. The computations are carried out according to the proposed model by using the seismic hazard results obtained from the time-dependent renewal model and the best estimate damage probability matrices developed in the study

Assessment of sustainability performances of banks by TOPSIS method and balanced scorecard approach

Today, Norton and Kaplan's Balanced Scorecard (BSC) model is used to improve enterprise performance. The BSC establishes performance targets for the future by identifying current situations in the business performance reports. These targets have been both a strategy and a sustainability tool for companies. Therefore it is needed for the measurement of sustainability performance report sustainability performance of companies. This study sustainability performance balanced scorecard was created for banks. In this context, the economic, environmental, social and institutional profile dimensions of the GRI G4 (Global Reporting Initiative) sustainability reports have been determined. Sustainability dimensions were intersected with the dimensions of the BSC (financial, customer, internal processes, and learning - development dimensions). Thus, BSC model for sustainability has been issued for banks. Banks were examined by TOPSIS method and evaluate their performance with the created model

An evaluation of urban open spaces in Historical City Center of Konya in the context of pedestrian mobility

Cities are organisms that live in a balance of continuity with the structures they possess and the urban open spaces that connect them. For this organism, staying alive and healthy is possible if urban dwellers, who are the users, utilize the spaces in a manner that preserves their integrity and locate each space in mental perception. Research problem/aim; Squares, which are one of the urban open spaces, are the breathing centers of the city that play important roles in maintaining this integrity. This study aims to test the relation of squares and pedestrian movement for each square and for the whole historical city. Method; In the present study examining the squares and their relationships in the historical city center of Konya province, 7 squares that have a semantic relationship resulting from being located on a specific axis with one another were analyzed with respect to pedestrian use and the respective physical characteristics of the squares. The main criteria defined in the study constitute the 3 steps of the method. These were identified as function-diversity, accessibility-form and livability–identity. Analyses were conducted based on the 3 established criteria and the 7 sub-criteria that measure the relationships among these at certain levels. Each analysis constitutes a step of the method and enables to achieve a result by using different measurement techniques. In the context of the analyses and findings, qualitative and quantitative studies such as a questionnaire study, land use, dominant land use, function diversity, global and local accessibility, form and geometry, urban open space and symbolic elements analyses were conducted for each square. Findings, Conclusions; As a result of this study carried out with the aim of reinforcing urban continuity and enhancing the relationship among squares, the primary data for each square were obtained and suggestions were presented for eliminating the deficiencies. With the implementation of these suggestions, the holistic perception of the squares, which are focal points located within the historical city center, will be stronger and these squares will have more enhanced functional and semantic connections with one another. In this way, significant contributions will be made regarding the users’ getting to know the city center, the use of squares for different needs and the protection of the integrity of the historical city center with regard to cultural identity.  

Outcomes of the chondral lesions of knee treated by microfracture technique and effective factors on the results

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of the microfracture technique in the treatment of chondral lesions.Materials and methods: A retrospective study was performed in 26 patients who had treated by arthroscopic microfracture technique for chondral lesions in the femoral condils between January 2003 and 2007september in our department. There were 11 females and 15 males with mean age of 37.2 years (range from 23 to 56 years). The average time between beginning of complaints and operation were 9.7 months (range from 3 to 35 months). The average of chondral lesions size were 1,6 cm2 (range from 0.7 to 2.4 mm2). The average follow-up period was 24.3 months (ranged from 10 to 44 months). Patients assessed according to subjective patient satisfaction and Lisholm scale at preoperative and postoperative time.Results: The mean Lysholm score increased from a preoperative 56.9 (range from 43 to 72) to a postoperative 77.9 (range from 62 to 100) (p<0.05). The rating was excellent in 9 patients (34.6%), good in 7 (27%) and fair in 10 (38.4%) according to Lysholm scale. All patients were satisfied with their knee function. The results of MRI taken at postoperative sixth month were proportional with patient’s satisfaction and Lysholm scores.Conclusion: Patients with excellent or good results had short symptom period, small chondral lesion and young age. Applied early microfracture technique in treatment of chondral lesions was a low cost, effective and successful treatment modalit