The effect of posterior tibial slope on anteroposterior stability in posterior cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty

Abstract Background It has been suggested that the posterior tibial slope (PTS) plays an important role in increasing the anteroposterior stability following total knee arthroplasty. Although the relationship between the PTS and the flexion range has been investigated many times, studies on the relationship between PTS and anterior-posterior stability are limited. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the relationship and effects of PTS on anteroposterior stability in posterior cruciate retainer total knee arthroplasty. Methods 154 primary TKAs were identified retrospectively to analyze the any association between PTS and anteroposterior laxity following posterior cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty in the overall study populations. Anteroposterior displacement was measured at the final follow-up based on the following two procedures: KT-1000 arthrometer and sagittal drawer radiographic images. In addition, the relationship between PTS and functional scores-ROM was examined. Results There was no correlation between patients’ posterior tibial slope and postoperative VAS (r: -0.060, p:0.544), WOMAC (r:0.037, p:0.709), KSS (r: -0.073, p:0.455). In addition, there was no significant correlation between postoperative knee ROM and postoperative PTS (r:0.159, p:0.106). Moreover, no correlation was found between KT-1000 arthrometer and 20 degrees AP translation with PTS. There was a negative correlation between PTS and 70 degrees AP translation (r: -0.281, p:0.008). Conclusions This study aimed to clarify the association between instability and AP laxity in flexion of implanted knees, and to determine what degree of AP laxity results of instability. A fundamental finding of this study was that; the optimum TS angle to increase anterior-posterior stability after total knee arthroplasty is between ≥ 4 to < 6 degrees, we also proved that there is no relationship between stability and patient satisfaction

Preparation of Two Maleic Acid Sulfonamide Salts and Their Copper(II) Complexes and Antiglaucoma Activity Studies

Two novel proton transfer compounds (HAP)+(SAMAL)- and (HBI)+(SAMAL)-.H2O were obtained from (E)-4-oxo-4-(4-sulfamoylphenylamino)but-2-enoic acid (HSAMAL) and 2-aminopyridine (AP) or 1H-benzimidazole (BI), respectively. Copper(II) complexes of salts and of HSAMAL have also been prepared. They have been characterized by elemental, spectral, thermal analyses, magnetic measurement and molar conductivity. Human carbonic anhydrase isozymes (hCA I and hCA II) were purified from erythrocytes by using affinity chromatography as 84.40 and 188.71 fold, respectively. The inhibitory effects of synthesized compounds and acetazolamide (AAZ, control compound) on the hydratase and esterase activities of hCA isozymes have been studied as in vitro to find out their antiglaucoma potentials. The inhibition constant (Ki) values of the compounds were in the range of 0.18 ± 0.007 to 10.24 ± 0.014 µmol L-1 for hCA I, and 0.12 ± 0.004 to 130.11 ± 0.021 µmol L-1 for hCA II

Synthesis and Structural Studies of Proton Transfer Salt Between Benzimidazole and (E)-4-oxo-4-(4-sulfamoylphenylamino)but-2-enoic Acid and Their Transition Metal Complexes, and Investigation of Inhibition Properties on hCAI and hCA II Isoenzymes

Bu çalışmada, ilk olarak sülfanilamit (sa) ve maleik anhidritin (mal) tepkimesinden (E)-3-(4- sülfamoyilfenil)amino)büt-2-enoik asit (Hsamal) bileşiği sentezlenmiş ve sonra bu bileşiğin 2-aminopiridin (ap) ile proton transfer tuzu (Hapsamal) hazırlanmıştır. Bu tuzun Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II) ve Zn(II) geçiş metal kompleksleri sentezlenmiştir. Proton transfer tuzlarının yapısı elementel analiz, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis metotları ile aydınlatılmıştır. Amorf halde elde edilen geçiş metal komplekslerinin yapıları ise elementel analiz, ICP-OES, FT-IR, UV-Vis, manyetik duyarlılık ve molar iletkenlik sonuçları dikkate alınarak önerilmiştir. Ayrıca, sentezlenen maddelerin insan eritrosit hCA I ve hCA II izoenzimleri üzerindeki inhibisyon etkilerini belirlemek üzere in vitro çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Yeni sentezlenen maddelerin izoenzimlerin esteraz aktivitesini inhibe ettiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu maddelerin inhibisyon değerlerinin kontrol bileşiği asetazolamid (AAZ) değerleri ile kıyaslanabilir büyüklükte olduğu tespit edilmiştir.In this study, first (E)-4-oxo-4-(4-sulfamoylphenylamino)but-2-enoic acid (Hsamal) have been synthesized from the reaction between sulfanilamide (sa) and maleic anhydride (mal) and second, proton transfer salt (Hapsamal) has been prepared from 2-aminopyridine (ap) and Hsamal. Four transition metal complexes [Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II)] of the salt have also been synthesized. The structure of proton transfer compounds have been proposed by using elemantal analysis, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis techniques. The structure of amorphous metal complexes have been proposed by using elemantal analysis, ICP-OES, FT-IR, UV-Vis, magnetic susceptibility and molar conductivity techniques. In addition, in vitro studies have been performed to determine the inhibition effects of synthesized compounds on human erythrocyte hCA I and hCA II isoenzymes. It has been observed that synthesized compounds have affected esterase activities of hCA I and hCA II and the inhibition values of these compounds are comparable with the inhibition values of control compound acetazolamide (AAZ)

Additional Value of Using Satellite-Based Soil Moisture and Two Sources of Groundwater Data for Hydrological Model Calibration

Although the complexity of physically-based models continues to increase, they still need to be calibrated. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in using new satellite technologies and products with high resolution in model evaluations and decision-making. The aim of this study is to investigate the value of dierent remote sensing products and groundwater level measurements in the temporal calibration of a well-known hydrologic model i.e., Hydrologiska Bryåns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV). This has rarely been done for conceptual models, as satellite data are often used in the spatial calibration of the istributed models. Three different soil moisture products from the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative Soil Measure (ESA CCI SM v04.4), The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer on the Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua satellite (AMSR-E), soil moisture active passive (SMAP), and total water storage anomalies from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) are collected and spatially averaged over the Moselle River Basin in Germany and France. Different combinations of objective functions and search algorithms, all targeting a good fit between observed and simulated streamflow, groundwater and soil moisture, are used to analyze the contribution of each individual source of information. Firstly, the most important parameters are selected using sensitivity analysis, and then these parameters are included in a subsequent model calibration. The results of our multi-objective calibration reveal a substantial contribution of remote sensing products to the lumped model calibration, even if their spatially-distributed information is lost during the spatial aggregation. Inclusion of new observations, such as groundwater levels from wells and remotely sensed soil moisture to the calibration improves the model’s physical behavior, while it keeps a reasonable water balance that is the key objective of every hydrologic model