Cutaneous Metastasis of Pancreatic Carcinoma Seen in the Left Gluteal Region and Axilla

Pancreatic cancer is usually high-grade and metastatic when diagnosed. Skin metastasis is very rare and is usually found in the periumbilical area. Non-umbilical metastasis is extremely rare. Only 19 cases have been reported in the literature. Only one case in the buttock has been described: thus our case is the second one known. In this note, we present a cutaneous metastasis of a pancreatic cancer case that was admitted to the clinic with a mass each on the left buttock and in the left axilla, surgically treated for palliation. We include a review of the literature

Regeneration and Healing of Bone and Cartilage in Type-1 and Type-2 Diabetes: The Effects of Insulin

Increased fragility of long bones and delay in fracture healing in adults as well as skeletal development disorders in children are thought to be associated with endochondral ossification problems. The extracellular matrix (ECM) of cartilage is absorbed during endochondral ossification. During the recovery process from damage, chondrocytes undergo hypertrophy and increase their cell volume; on the other hand, it is also necessary to digest the ECM elements around the cells. Recent research on the proteolytic enzymes in ECM assumed to be responsible for the digestion is connected to proteinases digesting type II collagen and aggrecan. ADAMTS1, 4, and 5 are known as major aggrecanases within the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzymes in human cartilage. These are regarded as main determiners among MMPs of bone growth, healing, and remodeling. In this mini review article, the remodeling and restoration of osseous tissue in type-1 and -2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and the effect of insulin on these processes are discussed briefly in the light of the current literature.WoSScopu

Can Propolis and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Be Promising Agents Against Cyclophosphamide Toxicity?

Propolis is a mixture having hundreds of polyphenols including caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE). They have been using in several medical conditions/diseases in both in vitro and in vivo experimental setup. Cyclophosphamide (CP) has been used to treat a broad of malignancies including Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Ewing’s sarcoma, breast cancer, testicular cancer, etc. It may cause several side effects after treatment. In this mini review, the protective effects of propolis and CAPE were compared each other in terms of effectiveness against CP-induced injuries.PubMedScopu

Pathophysiological Function of Adamts Enzymes on Molecular Mechanism of Alzheimer's Disease

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an environment that has various enzymes attended in regeneration and restoration processes which is very important to sustain physiological and biological functions of central nervous system (CNS). One of the participating enzyme systems in ECM turnover is matrix metalloproteinases. A disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motifs (ADAMTS) is a unique family of ECM proteases found in mammals. Components of this family may be distinguished from the ADAM (A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase) family based on the multiple copies of thrombospondin 1-like repeats. The considerable role of the ADAMTS in the CNS continues to develop. Evidences indicate that ADAMTS play an important role in neuroplasticity as well as nervous system pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is hopeful and possible that ADAMTS family members may be utilized to develop therapies for CNS pathologies, ischemic injuries, neurodegenerative and neurological diseases. To understand and provide definitive data on ADAMTS to improve structural and functional recovery in CNS injury and diseases, this review aimed to enlighten the subject extensively to reach certain information on metalloproteinases and related molecules/enzymes. It will be interesting to examine how ADAMTS expression and action would affect the initiation/progression of above-mentioned clinical situations, especially AD.WoSScopu

Melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester in the regulation of mitochondrial function and apoptosis: The basis for future medical approaches

The aim of this review article is to summarize and compare the effects of melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on the relationship between mitochondrial functioning and apoptosis. References in this article were selected with an approach based on a comprehensive literature review by using MEDLINE/PubMed and Google Scholar databaseswhichwere scanned in the last six months without any restrictions. For each database, the review terms used are 'melatonin', 'caffeic acid phenethyl ester, both together and associated with other key words such as apoptosis and mitochondria. Evidential mitochondrial molecular backgrounds for diseases make these twomolecule competitors, since both of themuse the same pathways to copewith fundamentals of the diseases such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B (NF-kappa B inhibition, induction of mitochondrial apoptosis in cancer cells, free radical scavenging effects, and antioxidant activities. The data reviewed in this paper provide a useful background for the understanding of some molecular details of melatonin and CAPE on several medical situation and diseases. Mutual usage of these two tremendous molecules might have a capacity to open new therapeutic approaches in near future. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Effects of different vardenafil doses on bone healing in a rat fracture model

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the radiological, biomechanical, histopathological, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical effects of different doses of vardenafil on fracture healing

The Role Of Adamts1 And Versican In Human Myocardial Infarction: A Postmortem Study

Objective: To determine the role of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif (ADAMTS1) and fragmented versican in the myocardial infarction (MI) process in humans and to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of ADAMTS1 for postmortem diagnosis of MI. Methods: Thirty autopsied individuals were allocated into 2 groups, namely, a study group of individuals who died of myocardial infarction (n = 20), and a control group who died of trauma (n = 10). We performed standard immunohistochemical staining on myocardial tissue specimens, studying anti-ADAMTS1, anti-versican, and anti-versican C terminal peptide sequence (DPEAAE) fragments. Results: Strong, diffuse staining was observed throughout myocardial tissue for ADAMTS1 in the 2 groups. However, in the study group, we observed no expression for ADAMTS1 around fibrotic areas but detected slight staining in coagulative and necrotic zones. Conclusion: Similar localizations of ADAMTS and fragmented versican in human heart tissue indicate that versican presumably is cleaved by ADAMTS1. Hence, ADAMTS1 can be regarded as a new marker for postmortem differential diagnosis of MI.WoSScopu